• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.41
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• pp.219-255
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• 2020

This article was triggered by Victor H. Mair's book 'Painting and performance'. The book explained that Buddhist paintings are common in the area where Buddhism was spread, and there are also performances using them. And although it has nothing to do with Buddhism, it has been shown that this form of performance can be global. However, the problem was not 'Korea'. It was because there was no record or transmission of the corresponding performance soon. In this situation, the landing method of Samcheok stable temple was announced in 2018. On the one hand, the academic community is very pleased, but on the other hand, it is troubled. The worries are summed up as 'synchronic and diachronic universality'. Is the landing method inherited from the Samcheok stable temple a unique type of temple? Otherwise, it is a question of whether it has been passed down or is it universal at the national level. However, prior to this essential question, we do not yet know the full picture of the stable landing method. So this article was prepared to show the overall outline of the stable landing method. There is a 'picture' in common throughout the landing method, and understanding how to operate it in various ways is the first step in understanding the landing method. There are five repertoires (which are called main halls) that are considered important, and more than that. What these repertoires have in common is the narrative structure of a Buddhist character. In this narrative, the most important thing is the revised figure, and it was the earthly method to inform the contents of the revised figure in various ways. In the case of Byeonsangdo, which serves as a clue to the narrative, there was a problem that could not be seen in the evening without light, which required special design. It is the way of shadow play and Yeongdeung. In other words, there are three types of performances in the landing method. The first is the method of using reparation, and the second is the method of using shadow. The third is the way of eternity. This method is not a selection based on the contents of the repertoire, but a selection based on the performance environment. If there is light and you can see the picture, use reparation. However, in the evening, it was impossible to see it dark (when there was no electricity in the past). The use of the visual method as a tool in this method is to confirm the transition to a visual culture that is a step further from the level of culture. Moreover, unlike the epic narrative, the power of the implied image provided an opportunity for viewers to experience the mystery of Buddhism through emotional stimulation.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.75-88
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• 2009

This paper presents a video quality assessment method based on quality degradation factors of real-time multimedia streaming services. The video quality degradation is caused by video source compression and network states. In this paper, we propose a blocky metric on an image domain to measure quality degradation by video compression. In this paper, the proposed boundary strength index for the blocky metric is defined by ratio of the variation of two pixel values adjacent to $8{\times}8$ block boundary and the average variation at several pixels adjacent to the two boundary pixels. On the other hand, unnatural image movement caused by network performance deterioration such as jitter and delay factors can be observed. In this paper, a temporal-Jerkiness measurement method is proposed by computing statistics of luminance differences between consecutive frames and play-time intervals between frames. The proposed final Perceptual Video Quality Metric (PVQM) is proposed by consolidating both blocking strength and temporal-jerkiness. To evaluate performance of the proposed algorithm, the accuracy of the proposed algorithm is compared with Difference of Mean Opinion Score (DMOS) based on human visual system.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.37
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• pp.247-265
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• 2014

This essay is about the considering the mutual relevance of animation and literary work in a case. The television animation Heidi, Girl of the Alps made in Japan is the most famous media version of the original novel. The novel Heidi by the Switzerland writer Johanna Spyri has been translated in a lot of countries, and the original Heidi has been adapted for mass media - literary(translation), movie, play, animation, cartoon, picture book. Here, with the relation between animation Heidi, Girl of the Alps and Spyri's Heidi and the present condition of the change in Japan and Korea, the relevance of animation and literature was reconsidered. First, Heidi, Girl of the Alps and Heidi have the different characteristic as media, and the content has some different set-up. On the other hand, original soul is inherited in the animation. Second, the animation has affected Heidi related visual image and the original media diffusion. The above consideration from a viewpoint of the mutual relevance between media shows the importance to return aiming at mutual understanding of animation and literature and mutual value between the diversified media. Moreover, it suggests a possibility of leading to creation of the energy which results in transformation also to action.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.155-162
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• 2016

Communication of art and the expansion of roles are some of the important discourses of art. For a while, many attempts were made to overcome the enjoyment of art by only a few elites and the alienation of roles. In the meanwhile, due to its formative nature, media art has contributed to the various expansion of roles as a familiar art in society and by communicating with the public in various play contents and industrial context. This study will take a step further and examined whether media art can assess and be used in social issues through the characteristic analysis of 'media art information visualization.' The general field of information visualization only focuses on the clarity of information delivery, so it is effective for intuitively identifying various information. However, stiff visual expression must improve user-friendly functions in an era in which users' sensibility is increasing, and it only focuses on the effectiveness of information delivery that its secondary social problem such as personal information protection must be compensated. Thus, this research analyze the characteristics of case works to examine how the visualization of media art information can approach social problems creatively, seek the expansion of the role of art and compensate the areas that general information visualization is missing.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.148-158
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• 2011

Objectives The eye movement (EM) has been reported to play a role in enhancing the retrieval of episodic memories and reducing effects of fearful episodes in the past and worries for the futures. However, it is still unclear in the mechanism of EM in normal subjects. We examined the horizontal eye movement (HEM) effect using an aiding apparatus on mental health indices including negative and positive psychological factors, and psychophysiological measures such as heart rate variability and quantitative electroencepaholography (qEEG) in healthy subjects. Methods Twenty eight healthy subjects were recruited and randomly allocated into two groups : active HEM group and control group. The active HEM group conducted the HEM training with usual stress management audio-intervention using the apparatus inducing eye movement once a day for 14 days. The control group also conducted the same training once a day for 14 days, however, the saccadic eye movement was not included in this training. Psychological measurements, neurocognitive function tests, heart rate variability measurement and qEEG were conducted before and after the training in both groups. Results In the active HEM group, sleep status using Sleep Quality Scale (SQS) positive factors significantly increased after the training. By contrast, scores on the negative items of Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS), and negative items of the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) were significantly decreased after the training. The percentage of delta amplitude (1-3 Hz) in qEEG significantly decreased after the HEM training. The percentage of alpha amplitude (8-12 Hz) significantly increased after HEM training. The change of delta amplitude in the active HEM group was positively correlated with the change of sleep satisfaction of Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and the change of alpha amplitude was negatively correlated with depression of VAS, anxiety of VAS and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Conclusions The HEM training improved sleep quality and well-being, and sense of optimism. The HEM training also increased alpha amplitude and decreased delta amplitude in qEEG. The qEEG changes were well correlated with subjective improvement of mental health indices in healthy subjects. These results suggest some evidences that HEM training using the apparatus that induces EM would be helpful in improving subjective mental health in healthy subjects. Further study with larger samples size would be needed.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.44-61
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• 2007

The present investigation is concerned chiefly with new curriculum development at the Department of Mechanical System & Design Engineering at Hongik University with the aim of enhancing creativity, team working and communication capability which modern engineering education is emphasizing on. 'Mechanical System & Design Engineering' department equipped with new curriculum emphasizing engineering design is new name for mechanical engineering department in Hongik University. To meet radically changing environment and demands of industries toward engineering education, the department has shifted its focus from analog-based and machine-centered hard approach to digital-based and human-centered soft approach. Three new programs of Introduction to Mechanical System & Design Engineering, Creative Engineering Design and Product Design emphasize hands-on experiences through project-based team working. Sketch model and prototype making process is strongly emphasized and cardboard, poly styrene foam and foam core plate are provided as working material instead of traditional hard engineering material such as metals material because these three programs focus more on creative idea generation and dynamic communication among team members rather than the end results. With generative, visual and concrete experiences that can compensate existing engineering classes with traditional focus on analytic, mathematical and reasoning, hands-on experiences can play a significant role for engineering students to develop creative thinking and engineering sense needed to face ill-defined real-world design problems they are expected to encounter upon graduation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.9-24
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• 2010

This study investigates how students perceive landscape design studio classes and provides basic data to set guidelines for future student-oriented pedagogical strategies in landscape architectural design education. This study is based on the premise that the current dominant educational method, which is based on positivism, should shift to a constructivist approach, which allows students to question objective and absolute truths and restructure knowledge based on their own experiences. Unlike lecture-oriented classes, studio education relies heavily on the perceptions, attitudes, and capabilities of individual students because the nature of the class asks each student to find solutions to given project problems in creative and visual ways. Therefore, it is important to understand the psychological state of students during these classes in order to set alternative criteria for design studio education. This study contains three parts. The first part reviews theoretical discourses to understand the demands for a student-oriented educational paradigm shift and the nature of the design studio at many levels. The second part analyzes how students perceive design studio classes in terms of their satisfaction and stress levels and how studio classes affect their decision making regarding future careers. The stress levels accompanying the design process are also investigated, based on a survey of undergraduate students who are enrolled in the landscape architecture programs of four universities in Korea. According to the findings, design studio classes play a specific role in students' decision making about their future careers. Almost half of students turn out to be dissatisfied with their design education, and half of students suffer from high stress levels caused by studio classes, especially in the early phases of the design process. The findings suggest that instructors should give more attention to discovering ways to help students initiate the design process and bridge ideas and forms, provide clear guidelines for evaluation of students' abilities, and develop a more holistic approach in design studio classes that is based on individual problem-solving processes.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.148-155
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• 2013

This study is about the development of the wrist rehabilitation system for the patient who has limited capability of movement after stroke. Electromyography triggered training system (ETTS) can play the role between complete passive training and patient activating training system. Surface EMG was measured on pronator teres muscle and biceps brachii muscle for wrist pronation and supination. Our system detects whether the subject makes muscular effort for pronation or supination or nothing in every 50 ms. When the effort level exceeds the preset percentage of maximal voluntary contraction, the motor rotates according to the direction of the intention of the subject. EMG triggers the motor rotation for the wrist rehabilitation training until the preset angle. To evaluate its performance, the maximum voluntary contraction level was measured for 4 subjects at first. With the audio-visual instruction to rotate the wrist (pronation or supination) the subjects made effort to follow the instruction. After calculating root mean square (RMS) for 50 ms, the controller determines whether there was muscular effort to rotate while holding the motor. When there was an effort to rotate, the controller rotates the motor 0.8 degree. By comparing the RMS values from two channels of EMG, the controller determines the rotational direction. The onset delay is $0.76{\pm}0.24$ s and offset delay is $0.65{\pm}0.22$ s for pronation. For supination the onset delay is $1.24{\pm}0.41$ s and offset delay is $0.77{\pm}0.22$ s. The system responded fast enough to be used for rehabilitation training. The controller perceived the direction of rotation 100% correctly for the pronation and 97.5% correctly for supination. ETTS was developed and the fundamental functions were validated for normal subjects. The clinical validation should be done with patients for real world application. With ETTS, the subjects can train voluntarily over the limitation of the range of motion which increases the effectiveness of the rehabilitation training.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.339-344
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• 2014

Purpose: This study relates to the development of the day and night scope using the reflecting surface of a BS (beam splitting) prism. Methods: We have placed the LCD panel and the dot reticle generator to the top and bottom of the reflecting surface of the BS prism, and have placed a reflector, which is designed to doublet type, in the front of the BS prism. Doing so, we have developed a new type of day and night scope, which is able to image the virtual image of dot reticle from the dot reticle generator to the direction of the observer, to make the observer survey the peripheral information of the outside target by 1x magnification, and to make the observer survey the image of the LCD panel directly. Results: We could develope a new type of day and night scope, which has the function of night scope as thermal image display device at night time and the function of day scope as dot sight at day time, by letting the reflective surface of the BS prism have the role of dot sight which reflects the dot reticle and have the role of reflective optical system by which the observer surveys the night thermal image displayed in LCD panel. Conclusions: In this study, we have developed the new type of day and night scope which is able to play the role of the day or night scope selectively, combining the existing dot sight and the existing night scope by using the BS prism. By doing so, we could design and fabricate the new type of day and night scope with the BS prism which can further increase the rapidity of firing and provide more convenience in the mounting of a firearm than the detachable combination of an existing dot sight and an existing night scope.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.3 s.116
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• pp.104-119
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• 2006

The eastern rear business complex of the Gwangyang Harbor (second stage) has undergone the 'alternative bid' process by which a construction company is selected based on their suggestions for an alternative plan and the bid for the construction expenses is based on the previously completed original plan, thereby implicitly accepting the arrangement and scale of the park which was presented in the original plan. It is possible, however, that the concept and plan of each park needs to be approached in a new way within the extent of given design guidelines. This study focuses on the alternative plan process and the Symbol Park (the second neighborhood park) and Waterfront Park (the third neighborhood park) among the five neighborhood parks in the eastern rear business complex (second stage). These two parks provide scale and function for the structure of the park and greenways system at the eastern rear complex. The neighboring waterway is a significant resource for emphasizing the pre-development features of the site. The alternative plan process focuses on determining the resources for the park's plan based on the environmental analyses of the site and utilizing the results. That is, through an analysis of the current state, all available resources are determined and the facilities and activities are derived based on these results. By this, Symbol Park and Waterfront Park reflect the regional features of the eastern rear complex, and these parks will feasibly perform the role of the region's key parte. The limit of this study is the fact that there is no chance for landscape architecture to actively play a role in the creation of the master plan, land utilization plan, and plan for the complex. Therefore there is a problem that the function scale and location of the park are not distributed appropriately in the rear complex. Also the plan for protecting the waterway's shore, a significant resource, only considers the structural stability of the engineering works, degrading the visual and ecological quality. These experiences will be used as a case for further designing the industrial complex and for the resulting park plan.