• Carbon letters
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• 제28권
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• pp.47-54
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• 2018

High surface carbon aerogels with hierarchical and tunable pore structure were prepared using ionic liquid as carbon precursor via a simple salt templating method. The as-prepared carbon aerogels were characterized by nitrogen sorption measurement and scanning electron microscopy. Through instant visual observation experiments, it was found that salt eutectics not only serve as solvents, porogens, and templates, but also play an important role of foaming agents in the preparation of carbon aerogels. When the pyrolyzing temperature rises from 800 to $1000^{\circ}C$, the higher temperature deepens the carbonization reaction further to form a nanoporous interconnected fractal structure and increase the contribution of super-micropores and small mesopores and improve the specific surface area and pore volume, while having few effects on the macropores. As the mass ratio of ionic liquid to salt eutectics drops from 55% to 15%, that is, the content of salt eutectics increases, the salt eutectics gradually aggregate from ion pairs, to clusters with minimal free energy, and finally to a continuous salt phase, leading to the formation of micropores, uniform mesopores, and macropores, respectively; these processes cause BET specific surface area initially to increase but subsequently to decrease. With the mass ratio of ionic liquids to salts at 35% and carbonization temperature at $900^{\circ}C$, the specific surface area of the resultant carbon aerogels reached $2309m^2g^{-1}$. By controlling the carbonization temperature and mass ratio of the raw materials, the hierarchically porous architecture of carbon aerogels can be tuned; this advantage will promote their use in the fields of electrodes and adsorption.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.828-834
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• 2009

최근 모바일 게임산업은 독립형 게임 위주의 환경에서 수익성이 지속적으로 보장되는 네트워크를 기반으로 한 환경으로 발전해 나가고 있다. 하지만 시중에 서비스되는 대부분의 네트워크 게임의 경우 모바일 대 모바일, PC온라인 대 PC 온라인, 비디오 게임기 대 비디오게임으로 한정되어 있다. 멀티 플랫폼 네트워크게임은 서로 다른 플랫폼과 기기를 사용할 뿐만 아니라, 통신대역폭에 있어서도 차이가 나기 때문에 그 구현에 어려움이 많다. 본 논문은 "눌러 눌러" 라는 아케이드 게임을 통하여 PC 사용자와 모바일 사용자들이 각각 서로 다른 플랫폼 환경에서도 하나의 게임 서버에 접속하여 게임을 즐길 수 있는 멀티 플랫폼 게 임을 소개한다. 본 논문에서는 3세대 멀티 플랫폼 네트워크 게임을 통하여 멀티 플랫폼 게 임의 문제점을 살펴보고, 이를 구현하기 위한 기법들을 설명한다. 본 논문에서 구현한 서버 측의 데이터베이스는 마이크로소프트사의 MS SQL서버를 사용하였으며, PC 게임은 비주얼베이직 환경으로 모바일 게임은 WIPI 환경에서 구현하였다.

• 복식
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• 제65권8호
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• pp.50-63
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to explore the potential of digital graffiti as a new creative tool in fashion through analysis of its expressive features and methods merged in fashion. The results from the analysis of fashion cases using digital graffiti may be summarized as follows. First, 'Mixing of Materials and Non-materials' matched immaterial lights and images with physical clothing materials and space, effectively expressing imaginary spheres that were not expressible with the existing materials. Second, 'Fantastic Storytelling' expressed theme such as 'Sun', 'UFO', 'Science Fiction Film', 'Fantasy Fairy Tale', and 'Universe' through lasers, lights, augmented reality and LED graffiti. Third, 'Convergence with Human and Digital Media' accentuated the active participation of spectators thereby causing human and digital media to interact with each other. Designer's ideas and unexpected responses of spectators realized various digital graffiti effects, which came across by sheer chance. Fourth, 'Utilizing of Site-Specificity' met with the best results when the digital graffiti was expressed in context of a place or location where fashion performance is taking place. Fifth, ' Playfulness by Consumer Participation' intended to induce voluntary participation from consumers by providing the fashion digital graffiti as play tools, and created new fashion digital graffiti or altered existing stereotypes, thereby invoking new visual and tactile experiences. Likewise, today's digital graffiti are emerging in various fields, and the trend of fashion-digital graffiti integration has already created interesting works.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.564-579
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• 2014

Packaging of shopping bag is a 'silent salesman' which plays an important role in marketing communication due to the increase of self-service outlets and changing lifestyles of customers. Retail shopping bags, which are defined as bags provided by retailers to customer as a means of transporting merchandise, are a type of secondary packaging. This study explored the effect of a fashion product's shopping bag types in sense of shopping value, customers' response, attitude toward advertising, and purchase intention. Data was analyzed by factor analysis, frequency analysis, correlation, structural equation modeling using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0. The results of this study were as follows. Consumers' responses about shopping bags show that there are some differences between consumers who have either hedonic or utilitarian shopping value. Hedonic shopping value influences on consumers' response as unique, interesting, and attention; however utilitarian value affects prestige in addition to those four significant factors. Therefore, this study shows that consumer response is different in accordance with shopping value. Thus, using the various types of shopping bags can be influenced on effective advertising. It will also great effect on marketing activity with lower cost. The significant result from this study has proven that the shopping bag is correlates to the definition of pop art today because it can offer an opportunity to look at, play with and buy sophisticated visual stimulus. Therefore, retail and brands have to concern about shopping bag considering their decisive role in the apparel market.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.84-90
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• 2005

호중구는 다양한 원인에 의해서 발생되는 급성 폐 손상의 발병기전에 중요한 역할을 담당한다. 폐 손상 시 순환계로부터 유입된 호중구들에 대한 폐포강 대식세포의 탐식작용이 증가될 경우 손상기전에 미치는 영향을 알아 보기 위해 내독소를 흰쥐의 기관지 내로 분무하고 유기게르마늄을 복강으로 투여하였다. 실험 결과 내독소 투여 5시간 후 체중당 폐 무게와 폐 세척액 내 단백질 함량은 유의하게 (p<0.001) 증가되었으나, 게르마늄 병행 투여로 폐 무게와 단백질 함량은 현저하게 (p<0.001, p<0.01) 감소되었다. 내독소 투여군은 폐 손상과 함께 폐포강 내 호중구는 유의하게 (p<0.05) 증가되었으나, 게르마늄의 투여로 감소되었고 폐포강 내 탐식된 호중구의 비율은 증가되었다. 이와 같은 결과들을 볼 때, 유기 게르마늄은 내독소증에 의한 급성 폐 손상에서 폐포강 대식세포들의 호중구 탐식작용을 증가시켜 폐 손상을 감소시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.171-180
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• 2013

As the second-largest 1st degree of ecological zone in Kangwon Province, Pyeongchang County is expected to play an important role in expanding the protected areas of the Republic of Korea. However, Pyoungchang County is expected to experience an increase in demand for development due to the 2018 Winter Olympics. Problems related to various stakeholders and limited budget will arise regarding the issue of expanding the protected areas. In this study, in order to effectively control these problems, we designed expansion plans for the 1st degree ecological zoning map areas and the observed data of threatened species I and II in Pyoungchang County by using the MARXAN Software. As for the methods, we first set the planning units(PUs) for the spatial analysis. The PUs include boundary length, land cost, land status, etc. Then, we made the input data by controlling the conservation features, BLM(Boundary Length Modifier) and iteration numbers. There are two measures for the establishment of the protected areas, one of which only concerns with the ecological priority, and the other with combining the land cost on forest. The one illustrated shows that the larger patches that include the conservation feature was selected as a candidate of the protected areas. The other one presented shows that inexpensive land cost areas were selected. As this study produces visual results and enables an efficient application of various values in selecting protected areas, we believe that it will be useful to various stakeholders in spatial decision-making process.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.156-162
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• 1994

목 적 : 눈깜작임은 뇌에서 감각을 조절하는 기능과 관계된 개인의 인지능력과 성격에 따라 달라질 수 있다. 저자들은 이러한 성격이 눈깜작임과 증감뇌유발전위 등과 상호 어떠한 연관이 있는지를 연구하려고 하였다. 방법 : 44 명의 정상 대학생에게 증감뇌유발전위, 눈깜작임과 Zuckerman 의 감각추구척도와 Eysenck 성격설문지 동을 조사하여 그 상호관계를 분석하였다. 결 과 : 증감뇌유발전위에서 빛의 강도가 증가할수록 눈깜작임이 증가하였다. 대부분의 성격척도에서 눈깜작임과 유의한 역상관관계를 보였으며 신경증척도만이 정상관관계를 보였다. 눈깜작임과 증감유발전위의 기울기와 가장 강한 정상관관계를 보인 뇌의 부위는 우측 후 측두엽이었다. 결 론 : 감각추구경향이 강할수록 눈을 적게 깜작이었다. 유발전위보다 눈깜작임이 성격과 더 높은 상관관계를 보여 눈깜작임이 더 일차적인 필터 역할을 한다고 생각된다. 그리고 우측 후 측두엽은 여러 뇌 부위 중 시각을 조절하는데 가장 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 유추된다.

• 복식
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• 제62권6호
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• pp.182-199
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyze the actual status of costume exhibitions displayed in architectural structures heritage today to examine if they play proper roles as visual materials and suggest the necessity of post-management for comfortable viewing. This is significant in that it makes costume exhibitions function as educational culture contents to let Korean and also foreign viewers know of our costume culture properly. As a research method, the database of the Office of Cultural Properties homepage was used to extract anything related to the lives of figures during the Chosun Dynasty among the architectural structures heritages in Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggido. By doing so, the costume exhibitions were able to be examined among them. With field investigation and interviews of related institutions, this study examined the current status of costume exhibitions, planning of exhibitions, and post-management. Also, they found costume exhibitions that were not right for the era, and suggested ways that were more appropriate for them. The results of this study were as follows : First, according to the third selection results, there were only six among 71 places where three districts of the architectural structures heritage were present. This is a very small quantity of places when compared with the total number of architectural structures heritage. Second, as a result of the current condition investigation, the costume exhibition in the Architectural Structures Heritage is not nearly enough for a historical investigation, and almost all polluted costumes were not displayed in suitable environments for an exhibition. Therefore, qualified managers who have expertise in exhibition planning were needed to be trained to do a post-management follow up. Furthermore, it is important to systematically reorganize post-management methods. Third, the two selected places(Haepung-buwongun-yuntaegyeong-jaesi and Sunaedong-gaok) were thought not to be right for the era among the six places with costume exhibitions, and suggestions such as flat-drawing and illustration were made.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.419-422
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• 2010

Objective : To analyze the clinical outcomes of computed tomography (CT) fluoroscopy-guided selective neve root block (SNRB) for severe arm pain caused by acute cervical disc herniation. Methods : The authors analyzed the data obtained from 25 consecutive patients who underwent CT fluoroscopy-guided SNRB for severe arm pain, i.e., a visual analogue scale (VAS) score of 8 points or more, caused by acute soft cervical disc herniation. Patients with chronic arm pain, motor weakness, and/or hard disc herniation were excluded. Results : The series comprised 19 men and 6 women whose mean age was 48.1 years (range 35-72 years). The mean symptom duration was 17.5 days (range 4-56 days) and the treated level was at C5-6 in 13 patients, C6-7 in 9, and both C5-6 and C6-7 in 3. Twenty-three patients underwent SNRB in 1 session and 2 underwent the procedure in 2 sessions. No complications related to the procedures occurred. At a mean follow-up duration of 11.5 months (range 6-22 months), the mean VAS score and NDI significantly improved from 9 and 58.2 to 3.4 and 28.1, respectively. Eighteen out of 25 patients (72%) showed successful clinical results. Seven patients (28%) did not improve after the procedure, and 5 of these 7 underwent subsequent anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Conclusion : CT fluoroscopy-guided SNRB may play a role as a primary conservative treatment for severe arm pain caused by acute cervical disc herniation.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2014

This study examines research trends in the dissertations and journal articles on stage costume so as to provide basic information on directions for future studies. The data was collected from the theses of domestic journals of the Korean Studies Information (KSI) which were published until December, 2012 and retrieved by a keyword related to the "design of stage costume", "costume for performing art", and etc. Theses and articles for the analyses were a total of 200 published. Reviewing the theses by dividing the times into 8 Chronicles of 5 years in each term. The findings of the study are as follows: According to the chronological analysis, there has been a steady increase in the rates of the musical, ballet, dance, and circus costume and cutting edged technology such as LED has been utilized in the performing art, currently. The real production and making up of the costumes have been increasing as well by replacing of illustration and rendering of the costumes. In the recent costume of the performing arts show the tends of the visual effects and up-sizing, comprehensiveness and fusion. From the analysis of the background of the work, those were confirmed that the most common historical period was modern period, and places were France, England, and Egypt. In regard to research themes and methods, many of research papers utilized content analysis method, character analysis method as research methods. The most popular presentation of the costume designs was "rendering", "costumes schedule" and "illustration". However, development and explanation of the patterns was insufficient and constructions methods and real works(costumes) were usually omitted in the articles.