• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제25권4_2호
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• pp.573-586
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• 2022

Corrosion can cause dangerous and expensive damage and failures of ship hulls and equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain the vessel by periodic corrosion inspections. During visual inspection, many corrosion locations are inaccessible for many reasons, especially safety's point of view. Including subjective decisions of inspectors is one of the issues of visual inspection. Automation of visual inspection is tried by many pieces of research. In this study, we propose image preprocessing methods by image patch segmentation and thresholding. YOLOv5 was used as an object detection model after the image preprocessing. Finally, it was evaluated that corrosion detection performance using the proposed method was improved in terms of mean average precision.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.189-197
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• 2022

Purpose: Pain perception is affected by a wide range of contributing factors, including biological, psychological, and social factors. Although the provision of visual information could have a modulatory effect on pain perception, it is unclear whether such a visual effect might vary depending on the anatomical site and stimulation type. This study aimed to analyze the modulatory effect of visual information on the perception of sharp and dull pain in the face and hand and to assess the influence of individual fear levels on modulatory visual information. Methods: A total of 68 healthy male and female volunteers were recruited for this study. Pressure and pricking pain with and without visual information were induced on the masseter and thenar muscles, and alterations in pain threshold were evaluated. The survey was conducted using the Geop-Pain Questionnaire (GPQ). Results: The pricking pain threshold of the hand was significantly elevated when viewing the stimulated hand. This result indicated that the provision of visual information could decrease sensitivity to sharp pain in the hand. However, when correlating the GPQ score with the alteration in thresholds induced by visual information, no significant correlation was observed between the GPQ score and the threshold difference induced by visual information. This finding showed that the visual effect was not significantly affected by the fear level. Conclusions: This study showed that the effect of visual information on the pain threshold could vary according to the anatomical site and stimulation type. A better understanding of such a modulatory effect on pain perception might be useful for clinicians during painful therapeutic procedures.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2014

Objectives Eyes, one of visual inspection regions, present important clues to pathological patterns including deficiency and excess patterns to the clinicians. The purpose of this study was to develop Eyes Inspection Questionnaire (EIQ) and to examine which items among the EIQ were more predictive of clinicians' determination for the deficiency and excess patterns. Methods Nine questionnaire items for Visual Inspection of Eyes were extracted through the literature review. These items were presented to the 4 Korean medical doctors who are specialized in visual inspection to conduct the Delphi method. The Korean medical doctors were asked to rate the importance of each items for the corresponding Visual Inspection of Eyes, using a Likert 5-point scale(the 3 points of importance as a cut-off point). Then, out of 75 photographs submitted to the Society of HyungSang Medicine in 2009, 30 portrait pictures were selected as samples. The samples were copied to make 60 sample pictures, and then randomly assigned to 4 clinicians. The 4 clinicians evaluated the 60 samples for excess and deficiency of the eyes and were asked to check the 6 questionnaire items. The results were recorded as 5-points-scale, and their average and standard deviations were calculated. Intra- class reliability test and multi regression test were performed using SPSS 13. Results Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was between 0.750 to 0.841 (P<0.05). Indices for visual inspection of the eyes were: endowment of the bone structure around the eyes; brightness of the eyes; upward deviation of the eyes; eye shapes; and definition of iris. 76.92% of deficiency symptom patterns and 86.42% of the excess symptom patterns matched the patterns predicted by the visual inspection of the eyes, according to the frequency analysis. According to the multiple regression analysis, were significantly related to the excessive symptoms, and to the deficiency symptoms. Conclusion This study is the first attempt of development for checklist of excess and deficiency of Visual Inspection of Eyes and quantitative measurement of excess and deficiency using the Visual Inspection of Eyes by the visual inspection experts. Still, additional studies are needed regarding the relationship visual inspection methods have with existing standards of diagnosis.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.419-424
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• 2012

목적: 대학생의 동적시력, 시력, 굴절이상, 동공크기, 손의 반응력 등을 비교 분석하여 동적시력 연구에 기초 자료를 얻고자 하였다. 방법: 양안의 LogMAR 시력이 +0.1 이상인 안경광학과 학생 남녀 각각 39명을 대상으로 동적시력계(KOWA AS-4A), 손의 반응력 프로그램, 자동굴절검사기를 이용하여 측정하였고, 그 결과를 이용하여 동적시력의 남녀 차이와 검사 항목간의 상호 관계를 알아보았다. 결과: 남자의 경우는 동공크기 6.00 mm, 손의 반응력 0.23 msec, 등가구면굴절력 -Q1.66 D, 시력 -Q0.07, 동적시력 0.59로, 여자는 동공크기 5.86 mm, 손의 반응력 0.24 msec, 등가구면굴절력 -Q2.08 D, 시력 -Q0.02, 동적시력 0.46으로 각각 나타났다. 동적시력에서는 남녀 유의한 차이를 보였으나, 시력, 굴절이상, 손의 반응력, 동공크기 등은 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 또한 동적시력과 좌안의 시력이 r=-Q0.406으로 검사 항목 중 가장 높은 상관성을 보였고, 전체적으로는 시력의 증가와 굴절이상의 근시량 감소에 따라 동적시력이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 남자 대학생이 여자 대학생 보다 동적시력이 높은 것을 알 수 있었고, 원거리 시력이 동적시력과 관계가 있는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2007

At a time of emphasized need for user-oriented design, methods such as Post Occupancy Evaluation are being used to measure the exact demands of the users. The conventional methods, however, have mostly been conducted based on questionnaires printed on paper, which has posed numerous problems in researches designed to measure the visual demands. Along with the continued development of the internet and computer media, there have been examples of interactive media applications as a means of improving the existing paper-based research methods. This study is a follow-up to the primary study that unveiled cautious variances of the media. 200 samples of media-based researches were extracted to be used in analysis of in-depth visual demands. 200 housewives from rural Iud development zones, who exercises the most influence in household purchases in these regions where the problem of rate of distribution Is coming under the limelight, were chosen as the subjects. The subjects were selected from land development zones of Gimhae-si and Haeundae. At first, the research was prepared as a web-based endeavor but it employed direct research of field personnel in consideration of that this research is in the beginning. This follow-up study deals mainly with the visual demands for which cautious variances were detected in the primary study and includes analysis of mainly ground Plan layout, space coloration, livingroom utilization, and vlsual composition of LDK. Media research had the advantage of zero rate of questionnaire error due to a pre-programmed search routine, and it was possible to ascertain the actual trade-off basis demands of the residents in terms of ground plan layout. In addition, whereas conventional research methods based on still images were susceptible to the preconceptions of the respondents, the interactive media allowed for easy understanding of the spatial layout and thus made it possible for all respondents to provide answers under the same conditions.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1053-1065
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• 2018

Objective: To evaluate the clinical impact of using registration software for ablative margin assessment on pre-radiofrequency ablation (RFA) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and post-RFA computed tomography (CT) compared with the conventional side-by-side MR-CT visual comparison. Materials and Methods: In this Institutional Review Board-approved prospective study, 68 patients with 88 hepatocellulcar carcinomas (HCCs) who had undergone pre-RFA MRI were enrolled. Informed consent was obtained from all patients. Pre-RFA MRI and post-RFA CT images were analyzed to evaluate the presence of a sufficient safety margin (${\geq}3mm$) in two separate sessions using either side-by-side visual comparison or non-rigid registration software. Patients with an insufficient ablative margin on either one or both methods underwent additional treatment depending on the technical feasibility and patient's condition. Then, ablative margins were re-assessed using both methods. Local tumor progression (LTP) rates were compared between the sufficient and insufficient margin groups in each method. Results: The two methods showed 14.8% (13/88) discordance in estimating sufficient ablative margins. On registration software-assisted inspection, patients with insufficient ablative margins showed a significantly higher 5-year LTP rate than those with sufficient ablative margins (66.7% vs. 27.0%, p = 0.004). However, classification by visual inspection alone did not reveal a significant difference in 5-year LTP between the two groups (28.6% vs. 30.5%, p = 0.79). Conclusion: Registration software provided better ablative margin assessment than did visual inspection in patients with HCCs who had undergone pre-RFA MRI and post-RFA CT for prediction of LTP after RFA and may provide more precise risk stratification of those who are treated with RFA.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.337-342
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• 2013

PURPOSE: The Unilateral neglect is characterized by difficulty shifting attention to the side of space opposite the brain lesion and frequently reducing use of contralesional extremities. This study was to identify whether the visual deprivation was responsible for head position on unilateral neglect patient after stroke. METHODS: A patient with left middle cerebral artery infarction participated in the study. We assessed neglect using line bisection and star cancellation test. Patient was instructed to maintain correct alignment of trunk and head in a sit position. We evaluated degree of head lateral tilting and rotation. Then, patient was blocked visual input. Also, we evaluated head position in the same way. RESULTS: He scored 3 points in the line bisection test and 9 points star cancellation test. In postural evaluation, he had deviated posture such as lateral head tilting and rotation. After visual cue deprivation, patient showed different head position which was decreased degree of head tilting and rotation. CONCLUSION: For vertical body orientation, it was used multiple sensory references including the vestibular, somatosensory, and visual system. This finding suggested that abnormal posture of neglect patient could be related to the visual input. It has important clinical implications in terms of understanding the neglect.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.77-81
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• 2017

Purpose : This study examined the effects of driving rehabilitation functional training on visual perception ability and driving reaction velocity. Those subjects were put under MVPT-3 test to see their visual perceptual functions before and after the 4weeks' driving rehabilitation function training and then put to TMT A-type test to see their driving reaction velocity performance. The followings are the results of this study. Methods : Using a driving simulator, driving rehabilitation functional training was performed targeting men and women aged in 20s 20 minutes per time, two times per week, for a month. Results : As for the change in visual perception, the Raw Score of MVPT-3 very significantly increased (p<.01), and the Standard Score also very significantly increased (p<.01). As for the change in reaction velocity, TMT A-type very significantly decreased (p<.01), and TMT B-type also very significantly decreased (p<.01). Conclusion : It could be found that driving rehabilitation functional training should be effective for both visual perception and reaction velocity. Consequently, the driving rehabilitation function training can be applied to clinics as training method for functional recovery and improvement of visual perceptual functions and driving reaction velocity performance ability of the patients. Thus, various functional programs should be studied in the future.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.253-263
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• 2014

In the near future, traditional narrow and fixed viewpoint video services will be replaced by high-quality panorama video services. This paper proposes a visual-attention-aware progressive region of interest (RoI) trick mode streaming service (VA-PRTS) that prioritizes video data to transmit according to the visual attention and transmits prioritized video data progressively. VA-PRTS enables the receiver to speed up the time to display without degrading the perceptual quality. For the proposed VA-PRTS, this paper defines a cutoff visual attention metric algorithm to determine the quality of the encoded video slice based on the capability of visual attention and the progressive streaming method based on the priority of RoI video data. Compared to conventional methods, VA-PRTS increases the bitrate saving by over 57% and decreases the interactive delay by over 66%, while maintaining a level of perceptual video quality. The experiment results show that the proposed VA-PRTS improves the quality of the viewer experience for interactive panoramic video streaming services. The development results show that the VA-PRTS has highly practical real-field feasibility.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.177-185
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• 2013

This study analyzed restaurant table settings with Gestalt's law of visual perception to obtain basic data for future marketing strategies. The research uses methods that involve applying images of restaurant table settings to Gestalt's law of visual perception, doing content analysis, and conducting a frequency analysis as well as a Chi-square test for classification analysis by visual perception. Results show a significant difference in the laws of visual perception, especially in the laws of nearness and closure, between table settings of different countries and backgrounds, such as Korean, Japanese, Chinese, Western cultures. In terms of the law of nearness, Chinese dishes were low, while other countries' dishes and Korean dishes showed high figures. In terms of the law of closure, Japanese dishes and western dishes had low values, while other countries' dishes and Korean dishes were high in their closure. Further studies on consumer awareness by visual perception classification need to be conducted.