• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2007

For human beings, language is the most important means of communication. Bloom and Lahey see successful language development as an interaction between form, content, and use. Language knowledge is a social phenomenon produced in a socio-cultural environment through interaction. Teachers have traditionally concentrated on the structure of their student's writing rather than on the message. If writing is to be seen as an interactive social process between humans, it is the content which is responded to. Language acquisition could be a major problem for hearing-impaired children and their acquisition of written language is characteristically problematic. This study is to search the use of microcomputers in written conversational methods, which enable the hearing-impaired student to hear their conversations in a visual form and which usefully extend their written language learning opportunities.

• 한국영어학회지:영어학
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.411-426
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• 2003

I report on the case of a polyglot ‘savant’ (C), who is mildly autistic, severely apraxic, and of limited intellectual ability; yet who can read, write, speak and understand about twenty languages. I outline his abilities, both verbal and non-verbal, noting the asymmetry between his linguistic ability and his general intellectual inability and, within the former, between his unlimited morphological and lexical prowess as opposed to his limited syntax. I then spell out the implications of these findings for modularity. C's unique profile suggested a further project in which we taught him British Sign Language. I report on this work, paying particular attention to the learning and use of classifiers, and discuss its relevance to the issue of modality: whether the human language faculty is preferentially tied to the oral domain, or is ‘modality-neutral’ as between the spoken and the visual modes.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.50-56
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• 2015

The area of discourse analysis has long neglected the value of images as a semiotic resource in communication. This paper suggests that like language, images are rich in meaning potential and are governed by visual grammar structures which can be utilized to decode the meanings of images. Employing a theoretical framework in visual communication, two digital images are examined for their representational and interactive dimensions and the dimensions' relation to the magazine advertisement genre. The results show that the framework identified narrative and conceptual processes, relations between participants and viewers, and symbolic attributes of the images, which all contribute to the sociological interpretations of the images. The identities and relationships between viewers and participants suggested in the images signify desirable qualities that may be associated to the product of the advertiser. The findings support the theory of visual grammar and highlight the potential of images to convey multi-layered meanings.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.135-148
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• 2005

This paper investigated the effect of audio and visual cues on Korean and Japanese EFL learners' perception of the lateral/retroflex contrast in English. In a perception experiment, the two English consonants /l/ and /r/ were embedded in initial and medial position in nonsense words in the context of the vowels /i, a, u/. Singletons and clusters were included in the speech material. Audio and video recordings were made using a total of 108 items. The items were presented to Korean and Japanese learners of English in three conditions: audio-alone (A), visual-alone (V) and audio-visual presentation (AV). The results showed that there was no evidence of AV benefit for the perception of the /l/-/r/ contrast for either Korean or Japanese learners of English. Korean listeners showed much better identification rates of the /l/-/r/ contrast than Japanese listeners when presented in audio or audio-visual conditions.

• 정보처리학회논문지A
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• 제17A권6호
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• pp.289-296
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• 2010

프로그램 언어 교육용 콘텐츠 평가 관련 기존 연구는 주로 일반적인 교육용 콘텐츠 평가를 중심으로 이루어져 왔다. 하지만 문제해결능력 관점에서 프로그램 언어 교육용 콘텐츠에 대한 평가 연구는 거의 없는 실정이다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 프로그램 언어 교육용 콘텐츠에 대한 새로운 평가 준거 개발을 제안하며 그 세부 연구내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기존 콘텐츠 평가 관련 연구를 분석하여 프로그램 언어 교육용 콘텐츠를 대한 평가 준거를 설계한다. 둘째, Visual Basic 교육용 프로그램 콘텐츠를 이용하는 교사들을 대상으로 설문 조사를 통해 설계된 평가 준거의 타당성을 검증하고 검증된 타당성을 근거로 실제 타당성을 실험하였다. 끝으로 본 논문의 연구 결과는 프로그램 언어 교육용 콘텐츠에 대한 평가 준거 제안과 분석을 통해 현재 사용 중이거나 향후 개발될 프로그램 언어 교육용 콘텐츠의 개발 및 평가 준거를 체계화하는데 기여할 것이다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.428-432
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• 2010

In this study, we investigated that consumers could differentiate between levels of claims and clarify how a visual aid influences consumer understanding of the different claim levels. We interviewed 2,000 consumers in 13 shopping malls on their perception of and confidence in different levels of health claims using seven point scales. The average confidence scores given by participants were 4.17 for the probable level and 4.07 for the possible level; the score for the probable level was significantly higher than that for the possible level (P < 0.05). Scores for confidence in claims after reading labels with and without a visual aid were 5.27 and 4.43, respectively; the score for labeling with a visual aid was significantly higher than for labeling without a visual aid (P < 0.01). Our results provide compelling evidence that providing health claims with qualifying language differentiating levels of scientific evidence can help consumers understand the strength of scientific evidence behind those claims. Moreover, when a visual aid was included, consumers perceived the scientific levels more clearly and had greater confidence in their meanings than when a visual aid was not included. Although this result suggests that consumers react differently to different claim levels, it is not yet clear whether consumers understand the variations in the degree of scientific support.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2019

Background and Objectives: The influence of visual stimulus on the auditory component in the perception of auditory-visual (AV) consonant-vowel syllables has been demonstrated in different languages. Inherent properties of unimodal stimuli are known to modulate AV integration. The present study investigated how the amount of McGurk effect (an outcome of AV integration) varies across three different consonant combinations in Kannada language. The importance of unimodal syllable identification on the amount of McGurk effect was also seen. Subjects and Methods: Twenty-eight individuals performed an AV identification task with ba/ga, pa/ka and ma/ṇa consonant combinations in AV congruent, AV incongruent (McGurk combination), audio alone and visual alone condition. Cluster analysis was performed using the identification scores for the incongruent stimuli, to classify the individuals into two groups; one with high and the other with low McGurk scores. The differences in the audio alone and visual alone scores between these groups were compared. Results: The results showed significantly higher McGurk scores for ma/ṇa compared to ba/ga and pa/ka combinations in both high and low McGurk score groups. No significant difference was noted between ba/ga and pa/ka combinations in either group. Identification of /ṇa/ presented in the visual alone condition correlated negatively with the higher McGurk scores. Conclusions: The results suggest that the final percept following the AV integration is not exclusively explained by the unimodal identification of the syllables. But there are other factors which may also contribute to making inferences about the final percept.

• 대한청각학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2019

Background and Objectives: The influence of visual stimulus on the auditory component in the perception of auditory-visual (AV) consonant-vowel syllables has been demonstrated in different languages. Inherent properties of unimodal stimuli are known to modulate AV integration. The present study investigated how the amount of McGurk effect (an outcome of AV integration) varies across three different consonant combinations in Kannada language. The importance of unimodal syllable identification on the amount of McGurk effect was also seen. Subjects and Methods: Twenty-eight individuals performed an AV identification task with ba/ga, pa/ka and ma/ṇa consonant combinations in AV congruent, AV incongruent (McGurk combination), audio alone and visual alone condition. Cluster analysis was performed using the identification scores for the incongruent stimuli, to classify the individuals into two groups; one with high and the other with low McGurk scores. The differences in the audio alone and visual alone scores between these groups were compared. Results: The results showed significantly higher McGurk scores for ma/ṇa compared to ba/ga and pa/ka combinations in both high and low McGurk score groups. No significant difference was noted between ba/ga and pa/ka combinations in either group. Identification of /ṇa/ presented in the visual alone condition correlated negatively with the higher McGurk scores. Conclusions: The results suggest that the final percept following the AV integration is not exclusively explained by the unimodal identification of the syllables. But there are other factors which may also contribute to making inferences about the final percept.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.130-138
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• 2011

목적 : 시각과 청각을 통한 단어생성과제를 이용하여 언어의 기능적 자기공명영상을 얻고, 자극을 제시한 방법에 따라 활성화되는 뇌영역이나 편재화 차이가 있는 지를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 정상성인 남자 8명을 대상으로 하였고 모두 오른손잡이였다. 단어생성과제를 사용하여 언어기능의 활성화를 유도 하였고, 시각과제와 청각과제를 시행하였다. 과제별로 합산된 평균 활성화지도를 얻었고 신호의 유의수준은 p < 0.05로 하였다. 각 과제별로 나타난 활성화 영역을 시각적, 통계학적 방법으로 비교 분석 하였다. 결과 : 시각과제와 청각과제 모두에서 좌측이 우세한 활성화 신호가 나타났으며, 시각과제에서 편재화가 약간 우세하였다. 전두엽(Broca영역, 전운동영역, 보조운동영역)과 좌측 후중측두엽은 두 과제에서 공통적으로 활성화가 나타났다. 청각과제에서는 광범위한 양측 측두엽의 활성화가 있었으며, 시각과제에서는 양측 후두엽과 두정엽의 활성화가 나타났다. 결론 : 자극과 관계없이 공통적으로 활성화된 영역은 언어의 핵심 영역으로, 자극과제별로 다르게 나타난 부분은 자극의 인지와 처리과정에 따른 활성화로 생각된다. 시각과제는 청각과제에 비해 편재화된 활성화를 얻을 수 있었으며 언어의 기능영상에 있어 유용한 방법으로 생각한다.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회
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• pp.277-282
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate the architectural visual identity, and scheme of conceptional extent of architectural visual identity through literature research and sample analysis by design factors for apartment design. Korea National Housing Corporation's Mapo apartment put first caterer which is continued about 30 years to solve shortage of houses by beginning and the impact of IMF and the price decontrol on second half in the 1990s have changed the housing status to commercial goods. Construction companies have introduced brand concept to satisfy consumer's appetite in production of house goods including apartment under market situation. Importance of visual identity in apartment design occupies has risen in heftily. However most companies are in condition of stay on two-dimensional application that uses symbol, logotype, and character assistance. Several high position construction companies are trying architectural visual identity, but those are applied in partial element and those are not going forward to systematic classification and synthetic visual identity plan within peculiarity of apartment complex. This study is to grasp plan and design tendency to acquire identity of design element of construction field and goods through design examination. In conclusion visual identity in apartment design is architectural visual identity on all of 2 dimensions and 3 dimension for application. Architectural visual identity is a language of form that prescribe identity about external appearance in combination with brand image.