• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.3046-3050
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• 2014

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of 7-point interval scale(EAI) and visual analogue scale(VAS) on perceptual judgement and the reliability of severity on voice problems by dysphonic speakers. 30 undergraduate students studying communication disorder were enrolled in the perceptual evaluation. Those listeners judged overall voice severity within the anchored(condition 1) and non-anchored scales(condition 2) for vowel prolongation and reading tasks by 25 speakers with voice disorder. The results of this study showed that the scores by VAS was significantly higher than EAI in both condition 1 and condition 2 for vowel prolongation and reading task. However, the scores by EAI method was higher than by VAS method on voice severity of vowel prolongation (condition 1) and reading task(condition 2). These results suggest auditory-perceptual scaling procedures must be more studied in the aspects of clinical application of voice disorder.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.401-412
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• 2021

Purpose: The study aimed to determine the effect of the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) lower trapezius muscle strengthening exercise on pain, shoulder range of motion, and shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) in patients with frozen shoulder. Methods: Following baseline measurements, 30 subjects (n=30) with frozen shoulder were randomized into two groups: the PNF group (n=15), which received PNF strength training of the lower trapezius muscles, and the control group (n=15), which received gentle palpation of the skin. Each group participated in the intervention for 30 minutes, three times per week, for six weeks. The visual analogue scales for pain, range of motion, and SPADI of both groups were recorded at both pre- and post-intervention. Paired t-tests were used to determine significant changes in the post-intervention period compared with pre-intervention, and independent t-tests were used to analyze differences in the dependent variables between the two groups. Results: After the six-week intervention, both groups experienced significantly decreased pain and SPADI (p < 0.05) and significantly increased shoulder flexion, abduction, internal rotation, and external rotation range of motion (p < 0.05). The PNF group that received the PNF strength exercise of the lower trapezius muscles showed greater improvements in pain and range of motion than those of the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that the PNF lower trapezius strengthening exercise reduces shoulder pain and disability levels and enhances shoulder range of motion in patients with frozen shoulder.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.223-233
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• 2022

Purpose: The study aimed to determine the effect of extra thoracic mobilization exercises on shoulder pain and function in patients who had undergone rotator cuff repair. Methods: Following the recording of baseline measurements, 20 subjects who had undergone rotator cuff repair were randomized into two groups: the experimental group (n = 10), which did thoracic mobilization exercises, and the control group (n = 10), which received traditional physical therapy. Each group participated in the intervention five times per week for two weeks. The pain (using the visual analogue scales [VAS]), the flexion and abduction range of motion (ROM), and the shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) scores of both groups were recorded pre- and post-intervention. Paired t-tests were used to determine whether post-intervention scores were significantly different from pre-intervention scores, and independent t-tests were used to analyze differences in the dependent variables between the two groups. Results: After the two-week intervention, both groups experienced significantly decreased VAS and SPADI scores (p < 0.05) and significantly increased flexion and abduction ROM (p < 0.05). The experimental group that undertook the thoracic mobilization exercises showed greater improvements in pain, flexion and abduction ROM, and the SPADI than the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that thoracic mobilization exercises reduce shoulder pain and disability and enhance function in patients who have undergone rotator cuff repair.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.173-195
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• 2023

Objectives: To investigate and analyze the assessment indicators and tools used in clinical practice to assess Korean medicine (KM) treatment for infertility, and to establish a basis for assessment tools to diagnose and assess infertility. Methods: Relevant studies published until March 2023 were extracted from Pubmed, Research Information Sharing Service, and National Digital Science Library databases. Results: Sixty-four studies comprising 4,105 patients were included. We investigated pregnancy outcomes, and assessed pregnancy- and childbirth-related factors, overall health, reproductive health, and mental health. Pregnancy result was most common primary outcome. Ongoing pregnancy, stillbirth, miscarriage, and ectopic pregnancy rates were suggested as indicators of pregnancy and childbirth-related assessment. Overall health was most commonly assessed with Likert and Visual analogue scale (VAS). Among reproductive health variables, menstrual history was most frequently assessed. Moreover, indicators such as reproductive function, sexual intercourse, and gynecological disease were assessed. The Infertility Stress Scale and the Fertility Quality of Life tool (FertiQoL) were used to assess mental health. Conclusions: Subjective scales and objective assessment tools, such as the Likert scale and blood tests/ultrasonography, respectively, are used to assess KM infertility treatment. Inconsistent assessment tools make quantitative analyses more challenging. The development of a standardized mental and physical function assessment questionnaire with confirmed reliability and validity ensure the effectiveness of KM infertility treatment, and promote future studies on infertility treatment.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.75-86
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to determine the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) pectoralis minor stretching and lower trapezius strengthening exercise on posture change, shoulder range of motion (ROM), and pain in rotator cuff repair patients with a rounded shoulder posture (RSP). Methods: Following baseline measurements, the subjects (n = 25) with rotator cuff repair were randomized into two groups: the PNF group (n = 13), which engaged in PNF pectoralis minor stretching and lower trapezius strengthening exercise, and the control group (n = 12), which received traditional physical therapy. Each group participated in the intervention five times per week for two weeks. The RSP values for the postural changes, flexion and abduction ROM, and visual analogue scales (VASs) of both groups were recorded at both pre- and post-intervention. In addition, before and after the intervention, a paired t-test was conducted to compare the within-group changes and an independent t-test to compare the between-group differences. Results: After the two-week intervention, both groups experienced significantly decreased RSP and VAS values (p < 0.05) and a significantly increased ROM (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the PNF group showed greater improvements in RSP, ROM, and VAS than the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that PNF pectoralis minor stretching and lower trapezius strengthening exercise reduce posture and shoulder pain and enhance ROM in rotator cuff repair patients with RSP.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2014

Purpose: As well as patient survival, the restoration of postoperative function such as ambulation is important in limb salvage operations for treatment of malignant bone tumors involving the proximal femur. The authors analyzed clinical outcomes of limb salvage operations using tumor prostheses for metastatic or primary malignant bone tumors in the proximal femur. Materials and Methods: From February 2005 to January 2014, 20 cases (19 patients) with malignant bone tumor involving the proximal femur with pain or complicated pathologic fracture were treated with segmental resection and limb salvage operations with tumor prostheses. Mean age was 63.1 years (range 35-86). Fourteen patients were male and six ones were female. The mean follow-up period was 20 months (1-94 months). There were 15 cases of metastatic bone tumor, 4 cases of osteosarcoma, and 1 case of multiple myeloma. The primary tumors of the metastatic bone tumors included 4 lung cancers, 3 hepatocellular carcinomas, and 3 renal cell carcinomas. Other primary tumors were breast cancer, thyroid cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, and malignant spindle cell tumor, each in 1 case. Modular tumor prostheses were used in all cases; (Kotz's$^{(R)}$ Modular Tumor prosthesis (Howmedica, Rutherford, New Jersey) in 3 cases, MUTARS$^{(R)}$ proximal femur system (Implantcast, Munster, Germany) in 17 cases). Perioperative pain was assessed with Visual Analogue Scales (VAS). Postoperative functional outcome was assessed with Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) grading system. Results: Out of 20 cases (19 patients), 11 cases (10 patients) survived at the last follow-up. Average postoperative survival of the 9 deceased patients was 10.1 months (1-38 months). VAS score improved from pre-operative average of 8.40 (5-10) to 1.35 (0-3) after operation. Average postoperative MSTS function score was 19.65 (65.50%, 7-28). The associated complications were 2 local recurrences, 3 hematomas, 3 infections, 2 scrotal swellings, and 1 dislocation. There was no case of periprosthetic fracture or loosening. Conclusion: Limb salvage operation with tumor prosthesis is an appropriate treatment for early pain reduction and functional restoration in malignant bone tumors in the proximal femur with pain an/or complicated pathologic fractures.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.18-29
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• 2005

Purpose: Aroma therapy is one modality of alternative medicine. It was well known to have an analgesic, antidepressive and anxiolytic effects. This study is designed to investigate the effect of aroma self hand massage on vital signs, pain, depression, anxiety and stress in breast cancer patients. Methods: 32 female patient over 20 years old were divided into two groups by a non-blinded randomized controlled method. Patient in the aroma group (n=15) massaged their hands twice a day using aroma oil by themselves in their home for 2 weeks. However, those in control group (n=17) had not received my intervention during the study periods. Pain intensity, state anxiety, depression and stress of subjects were evaluated three times (0, 1, 3 weeks) using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS, $0{\sim}10cm$), State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Beck Depression Inventory Scales (BDIS), Brief Encounter Psychosocial Instrument (BEPSI revised edition). Also the change of patients' accompanying symptoms after aroma massage were analyzed using a structured questionnaire. Results: Pain Intensity decreased in the aroma group compared with control group (VAS changes $-0.83{\pm}1.01\;vs\;0.38{\pm}0.86$, P=0.005). The numbers of accompanying symptoms (P=0.044), depression score (P=0.001) and anxiety score (P=0.008) were significantly decreased in the aroma group, while in control group they increased after 2 weeks. However, the stress score showed no significant changes in both groups ($0.05{\pm}0.85\;vs\;0.04{\pm}0.20$, P=0.1519). The depression, anxiety and stress score showed negative correlation with compliance of aroma massage, but statistically no significant. The systolic blood pressure was a little increased in aroma group ($4.53{\pm}14.43\;vs\;0.0{\pm}7.22$, P=0.026), but was not significant clinically. Patients in the aroma group complained of several symptoms such as headache (20%), paresthesia (6.75%) and nausea (6.7%). However, there were no drop-out patients for those side effects. Conclusion: Aroma self massage during two weeks in breast cancer patients alleviates the pain intensity, depression and anxiety significantly.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.431-440
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing health promoting behavior of college students to develop health promoting interventions of young adults. The subjects of this study were 176 women college students, living in a small city in Korea. The data were collected by interviews and a self-report questionnaire, during the period from September, 1999 to December, 1999. The instruments for this study were the PRQ-II by Weinert(1988), the scale of Locus of Control by Wallstone et al.(1978), the scale of self efficacy by Sherer & Maddux(1982), 10 points visual analogue scale for perceived health status and the importance of health, the health promoting behavior scale by Walker et al.(1987), and the scales developed by the authors for the perceived benefits of health promoting behavior, and perceived barriers to health promoting behavior. Cronbach 's alpha of these scales were .68 ~.89. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Among cognitive perceptual factors of the Health Promotion Model by Pender(1987), the scores of the importance of health, the perceived internal control of health, self efficacy, the perceived health status, and the perceived benefits had a significantly positive correlation with the scores of the health promoting behavior of college students. In addition, the scores of the perceived barriers had a significantly negative correlation with the scores of the health promoting behavior of college students. 2. Among modifying factors of the Health Promotion Model by Pender(1987), the extent of religious activities of college students and the scores of social support had a significantly positive correlation with the scores of health promoting behavior of college students. 3. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the most powerful predictor of health promoting behavior was self-efficacy. A combination of self-efficacy, the perceived benefits, the perceived barriers, the perceived health status, and the importance of health accounted for 45.1% of the variance in health promoting behavior in college students From the results of this study, we concluded that the Health Promotion Model by Pender can be used to explain health promoting behavior of college students. In addition, we suggested that the results of this study be considered in developing health promoting programs of young adults.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.527-532
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• 2008

Purpose: Transverse type or volar oblique type of defect of thumb tip can be covered by Moberg flap or second toe pulp free flap. We compared these two methods in functional result, patients' satisfaction, and sensation, etc. to find a better way to cover the defect of the thumb tip. Methods: From 2003 to 2006, we chose the patients randomly with preoperative pictures. The patients had the defect of the thumb tip which is either transverse or volar oblique type. The 6 patients were treated with Moberg flap and other 6 patients were treated with second toe pulp free flap. We have analyzed the results by 2 point discrimination, side pinching power test, pulp to pulp pinching power test, pain scales (visual analogue scale), satisfaction scales of the patients (functional and aesthetic), the degree of the range of motion, etc. Results: All flaps survived without any complications. In the cases of Moberg flaps, the value of static 2 point discrimination test was 5.6 mm, and the value of moving 2 point discrimination test was 4.8 mm. In the cases of second toe pulp free flaps, the values were 9.6 mm and 9.3 mm. In the cases of Moberg flaps, the value of the Side pinch power test was 6.6 kg, 4.4 kg. In the case of second toe pulp free flaps, the values were 4.8 kg and 2.5 kg. The value of aesthetic satisfaction scale of the patients in Moberg flaps was 5.6, the value of functional satisfaction scale of the patients was 3.6. In cases of second toe pulp free flaps, the values were 5.6 and 3.6. The active range of motion of Interphalangeal joint in the cases of Moberg flaps was 46.6 degree, and the active range of motion of metacarpophalangeal joint was 55 degree, in the cases of second toe pulp free flaps, the values were 36.6 degree and 59 degree. Conclusion: As a result, when the defect of the thumb tip is transverse or volar oblique type, we suggest that the operators choose Moberg flap to cover the defect of the thumb tip.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.573-583
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing health promoting behavior of the elderly for develop health promoting intervention of old people. The subjects of this study were 167 elderly person over the age of 60, living in rural city in Korea. The data were collected by interview and self report questionnaire, during the period from May, 1999 to August. 1999 The instruments for this study were the PRQ-II by Weinert(1988), the scale of Locus of Control by Wallstone et al(1978), the scale of self efficacy by Sherer & Maddux(1982), 10 points visual analogue scale for the perceived health status and the importance of health, the health promoting behavior scale by Walker et al(1987), and the scales developed by authors for the perceived benefits of health promoting behaviors, and the perceived barriers to health promoting behaviors. The Cronbach 's alpha of these scales were .84 ~.97. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Among cognitive perceptual factors of the Health Promotion Model by Pender(1987), the scores of the importance of health, the perceived internal control of health, the self efficacy, the perceived health status, and the perceived benefits were significantly positive correlation with the scores of the health promoting behavior of the elderly. In addition, the scores of the perceived barriers were significantly negative correlation with the scores of the health promoting behavior of the elderly. 2. Among modifying factors of the Health Promotion Model by Pender(1987), the pocket money of the elderly, the scores of social support were significantly positive correlation with the scores of the health promoting behavior of the elderly. In addition, ages of old people were significantly negative correlations with the scores of the health promoting behavior of the elderly. 3. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the most powerful predictor of health promoting behavior was the self efficacy. A combination of the self efficacy, the perceived barriers, the social support, the importance of health, and the perceived internal control of health accounted for 56.2% of the variance in health promoting behavior in the elderly. From the results of this study, we concluded that the Health Promotion Model by Pender will be used to explain health promoting behavior of the elderly. We suggested that the results of this study will be considered in developing health promoting programs of elderly.