• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.29-42
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• 2012

Recently, traffic congestion has become serious due to increase of private car usages. Carsharing or other innovative public transportation systems were developed to alleviate traffic congestion and carbon emissions. These measures can make the traffic environment more comfortable, and efficient. Cloud Transportation System (CTS) is a recent carsharing model. User can rent an electronic vehicles with various traffic information through the CTS. In this study, a concept, vision and scenarios of CTS are introduced. And, authors analyzed the location of CTS rental stations and estimated CTS demands. Firstly, we analyze the number of the population, employees, students and traffic volume in study areas. Secondly, the frequency and utilization time are examined. Demand for CTS in each traffic zone was estimated. Lastly, the CTS rental station location is determined based on the analyzed data of the study areas. Evaluation standard of the determined location includes accessibility and density of population. And, the number of vehicles and that of parking zone at the rental station are estimated. The result suggests that Haewoondae Square parking lot would be assigned 11 vehicles and 14.23 parking spaces and that Dongbac parking lot be assigned 7.9 vehicles and 10.29 parking spaces. Further study requires additional real-time data for CTS to increase accuracy of the demand estimation. And network design would be developed for redistribution of vehicles.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.127-136
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• 2012

Many research of hand gesture recognition based on vision system have been conducted which enable user operate various electronic devices more easily. 3D position calculation and meaningful gesture classification from similar gestures should be executed to recognize hand gesture accurately. A simple and cost effective method of 3D position calculation and gesture spotting (a task to recognize meaningful gesture from other similar meaningless gestures) is described in this paper. 3D position is achieved by calculation of two cameras relative position through pan/tilt module and a marker regardless with the placed position. Fuzzy garbage model is proposed to provide a variable reference value to decide whether the user gesture is the command gesture or not. The reference is achieved from fuzzy command gesture model and fuzzy garbage model which returns the score that shows the degree of belonging to command gesture and garbage gesture respectively. Two-stage user adaptation is proposed that off-line (batch) adaptation for inter-personal difference and on-line (incremental) adaptation for intra-difference to enhance the performance. Experiment is conducted for 5 different users. The recognition rate of command (discriminate command gesture) is more than 95% when only one command like meaningless gesture exists and more than 85% when the command is mixed with many other similar gestures.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.5-15
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• 2020

This study deals with the use of porewater pressure transducers to evaluate the stability of a fill dam through the correlation between the porewater pressure and water level. As a result of performing principal component analysis on a total of eight porewater pressure transducers installed in the fill dam, they were distributed into three groups. It was found to be distributed as internal, external, and top based on seepage line in the dam body. The correlation coefficient between porewater pressures and water level in group A located inside the seepage line indicated 0.94 to 1.00 and they are showing a strong positive linear relationships. It indicates that maintenance of the dam is required by the porewater pressure transducers of the group A. In addition, a linear regression analysis was performed with the determination coefficients of the group A of 0.89 to 0.99. It was found that the pore water pressure can be predicted and the stability of the dam can be evaluated by comparing it with the currently measured values when the water level is fixed as an explanatory variable.

• Korean Journal of Family Social Work
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• no.61
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• pp.93-136
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to find specific practice methods of single parents self-help groups in community welfare centers. A participatory action research was conducted to achieve the purpose. Six social workers and three researchers participated in the study who shared the problem of lack of specific practice methods even though a self-help group was useful for self-reliance and empowerment of low-income single-parents. Various activities such as reading articles, analysis of each self-help group, case studies, and learning facilitation methods were conducted during 10 meetings. At the same time, peer supervision proceeded at each meeting. The progress of each group was shared, the application of practice methods and plans were discussed, and applying discussed methods to group practice and reviewing the process and outcomes of the practice were repeated in the peer supervison. As a result, the following positive changes appeared: First, the goals and vision of each group became clearer. Second, initiative of the members was promoted. Third, intimacy, mutual cooperation, the attatchment to the group were strengthened. A qualitative analysis was also conducted on the content discussed. As a result, 17 practice methods were derived in four themes such as initiative/ empowerment, cohesion, leadership, and destandardization. Practice issues concerning single parents self-help groups in community welfare centers were discussed based on the results.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.25
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• pp.453-482
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• 2011

Until now and in the studying of fantastic literature, there has been likely to regard the character as secondary element, compared to their actions. However, it has to be recognized that the characters is a barometer to divide the boundary among the marvellous literature, or fantasy, magic realism, etc., in particular it is an important narrative element to understand an epistemological vision of fantastic literature. This thesis analyzes the characters, focusing on two dimensions divided such as between protagonist/antagonist and protagonist narrator/editor narrator. The characters in fantastic literature are usually set-up as people like ourselves, because it is necessary for the readers to consider the supernatural phenomenon as real world situation. The reason why many characters in fantastic literature usually meet a tragic end is that the structure of fantastic literature embedded unresolved supernatural confusion into ordinary order in the end, while antagonists are viewed as holders of extraordinariness and they are far from vero-similarity. Together with usual characters who represent the world of logic and reason, antagonists who seek to understand more about the universe totally and thus regarded as symbols of intuition and imagination and ultimately are the elements of fantastic literature. On the other hand, the "first person narrator" is divided between "protagonist narrator" who narrates the supernatural things through his/her own experience to readers and "editor narrator" who narrates the other's experiences. Particularly in the case of "editor narrator", he/she may narrates the stories with different explication and angle, which lead to hesitation and confusion for readers to identify between reality and unreality or natural logic and supernatural one. Even though there are various categories in fantastic literature, this thesis exclude 'neo fantastic', 'metaphysical fantastic' ones, characterized as a possibility of convergence with the secondary interpretation and symbolic implication. Beyond these materials, the literatures which involved with this thesis and analysis are normally related with traditional fantastic literary works which supernatural events intervene in real world and bring out collision between real and unreal, or natural and supernatural logics. Based on this criteria, this thesis chooses literary works such as "De los Reyes Futuros", "El Perjurio de la Nieve" written by Adolfo Bioy Casares who is a representative author in Latin American fantastic literature.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.19
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• pp.39-77
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• 2010

The cinema of Peter Greenaway has consistently engaged questions of the relationship between the arts and particularly the relations of image and writing to cinema. When different types of images are correlated and merged with each other on the borders of painting, photography, film, video and computer animation, the interrelationships of the distinct elements cause a shift in the notion of the whole image. This analysis proposes to articulate the complex relationship between the 'interartial' dimension and the 'intermedial' dimension in Peter Greenaway's film, (1991). If the interartiality is interested in the interaction between various arts, including the transition from one to another, the intermediality articulates the same type of relationship between two or more media. The interactional relationship is the same on both sides; on the contrary, the relationship between art and media does not show the same symmetry. All art is based on one or more media - the media is a condition existence of art - but no art can't be reduced to the status of media. This suggests that if the interartiality always involves the intermediality, this proposal may not be reversed. First, we analyse a self-conscious investigation into digital art and technology. Prosospero's Books can be read as a daring visual essay that self-consciously investigates the technical and philosophical functions of letters, books, images, animated paintings, digital arts, and the other magical illusions, which have been modern or will be post-modern media to represent the world. Greenaway uses both conventional film techniques and the resources of high-definition television to layer image upon image, superimposing a second or third frame within his frame. Greenaway uses the frame-within-frame as the cinematic equivalent of Shakespeare's paly-within-play : it offer him the possibility to analyse the work of art/artist/spectator relationship. Secondly, we analyse the relationship between the written word, oral word and the books. Like the written word, the oral word changes into a visual image: The linguistic richness and nuances of Shakeaspeare's characters turn into the powerful and authoritative, but monotone, voices of Gielgud-Prospero, who speaks the Shakespearean lines aloud, shaping the characters so powerfully through his worlds that they are conjured before us. Specially each book is placed over the frame of the play's action, only partially covering the image, so that it gives virtually every frame at least two space-time orientations. Thirdly, we try to show how Peter Greenaway uses pictorial references in order to illustrate the context of the Renaissance as well as pictorial techniques and language in order to question the nature of artistic representation. For exemple, The storm is visualised through reference to Botticelli's : the storm of papers swirling around the library is constructed to look like a facsimili copy of Michelangelo's Laurentiana Library in Florence. Greenaway's modern mannerism consists in imposing his own aesthetic vision and his questioning of art beyond the play's meta-theatricality: in other words, Shakespeare''s text has been adapted without being betrayed.

• Review of Culture and Economy
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.19-45
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• 2017

This paper aims to apply our research and theorization on arts entrepreneurship to entrepreneurs active in the arts and cultural sector. Our goal is to develop proposals for practical actions that can support both arts entrepreneurs and supportive arts advocates. Using Action Research methodology, we hosted and facilitated two workshops with selected groups of arts entrepreneurs. Prior to the workshops we designed a questionnaire, based on the competency theory, to assess the qualities and characteristics of the participants. During the workshops we conducted surveys, interviews, and made observations in order to further understand the knowledge, experiences, motivations, capabilities, and attitudes necessary to successful arts entrepreneurship. We also conducted in-depth follow-up interviews with participants as a cross-check. We found that most of the participating arts entrepreneurs had a low understanding of the technology required for effective arts entrepreneurship, which has resulted in insufficient managerial support for artistic innovation. In addition, we found that participants lacked the skills and clear vision to construct a viable economic engine for their organization. Nevertheless, in light of the considerable strengths and high levels of enthusiasm and commitment participants evinced, we believe that their deficits can be corrected with education and training. Thus, we conclude by discussing the path forward and outlining a proposal to develop an innovative educational program on the daily operations of arts management that emphasizes applied technology and creating financial sustainability.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.59-66
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of empowerment on organizational commitment and team performance after establishing their relationship through research on empowerment, organizational commitment, and team performance. The main results were as follows: First, empirical results showed that organizational commitment and team performance had a significant influence on the relationship between empowerment and organizational effectiveness. Second, the role of empowerment The results of this study suggest that empowerment has a positive effect on organizational commitment and team performance when the perceived fairness perception is high. In order for the company to continue to grow, the most important thing is that the cycle of continuous empowerment of its employees as a human resource is considered as an alternative to sustain the continuous growth of the organization. To this end, companies offer their future vision and goals that they can share I think we should continue to pursue changes in the organization. Based on the results of the study, the implications and limitations of the research and future direction of the research were suggested.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.7-19
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• 2021

Purpose: The hotel industry needs a leader who can actively demonstrate leadership to respond to and accept changes in the organization in a highly competitive and fast-changing environment. Therefore, the role of leaders who instill clear vision and goals of the organization in their members, listen to their opinions, and empathize is paramount. Leaders should encourage successful organizational activities based on active participation by employees and create the best environment for working with a sense of mission and responsibility. This study aims to identify the relationship between empathy leadership and job engagement as a result variable of team cohesion in the hotel culinary department and conduct empirical studies on the role of empathy leadership and job engagement. Research design, data, and methodology: The data were collected from employees who work in culinary department at a five-star franchise hotel located in the Seoul metropolitan area. Because it is difficult to conduct a survey through face-to-face contact with employees due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the online survey was conducted from February 1 to February 28, 2020. A total of 330 questionnaires through online were distributed and 268 employees completed the survey, yielding a response rate of 81%. Of the 268 returned responses, 27 responses were not usable due to missing information. Thus, a total of 241 responses were used for analysis. Results: The study results are as follows. First, it has been shown that the empathy leadership of culinary department in hotel companies has a significant positive impact on the job engagement. Second, it has been shown that job engagement has a significant positive effect on members' team cohesiveness. Third, empathy leadership of hotel companies' culinary department has a significant positive impact on members' team cohesiveness. Fourth, job engagement has a significant positive (+) mediating effect in the relationship between empathy leadership and team cohesiveness in culinary department. Conclusion: This study supports the theory that an emotional and empathic leader's behavior or ability can change the effectiveness or atmosphere of a rapidly changing hotel culinary team organization by presenting a research model on the effect of empathic leadership on job engagement and team cohesiveness. And hotel chefs should be more aware of the importance of empathic leadership and make them a human resource of the organization through formal and informal communication with culinary employees.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.54 no.spc1
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• pp.1155-1166
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• 2021

In this study, statistical analysis was performed to suggest the optimal analysis techniques for the main measuring instruments of the fill dam, such as seepage, crest settlement, and porewater pressure gauge. In addition, correlation analysis with water level and rainfall data was performed. Based on the results of descriptive statistical analysis for each instrument, porewater pressure gauges could be classified into 3 groups or 2 groups through principal component analysis, In the case of the group having a high correlation with the water level instrument, the correlation between the gauges was also large. In the case of seepage instrument, the distribution showed an extremely asymmetric distribution, so for quantitative analysis, the average seepage during non-precipitation and precipitation could be estimated through decision tree analysis. In the case of the crest settlement instrument, the correlation analysis showed that the correlation between the gauges was large, but the relationship with the water level instrument did not show a significant linear relationship, so EMD analysis was performed to analyze it in more detail. It is judged that principal component analysis, decision tree analysis, and data filtering method can be applied to analyze the behavior of pore water pressure meters, seepage, and crest settlement instrument as major measurement items of fill dam.