• Journal of International Society for Simulation Surgery
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.71-75
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• 2015

To overcome limitations of conventional diagnosis and planning for orthognathic surgery, surgeons have begun to use 3-dimensional (3D) virtual simulation to plan complex orthognathic surgery. In many literatures, it has shown that better surgical outcome achieved with 3D virtual simulation than that with conventional methods. But, there is still lack of data about accuracy of maxillary segmental surgery with 3D virtual simulation. The purpose of this paper was to report the case of maxillary segmental orthognathic surgery with 3D virtual simulation and to assess the actual surgical outcome. Though the result was clinically acceptable, discrepancy between 3D simulation and actual surgery was not superior compared with conventional method. The accuracy of 3D simulation surgery and intermediate wafer fabrication for maxillary segmental surgery needs to be improved. Advancement in 3D software program and careful surgical technique will make it more precise and reliable method.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.582-588
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• 2005

Digital imaging is emerging as a standard method for patient documentation in clinical setting. Managing patient expectations before aesthetic surgery can greatly improve patient satisfaction after surgery. The patient who visited for plastic surgery wants a predicted figure after the operation. A virtual plastic surgery software is necessary in order to satisfy the desire of patients. Adobe $Photoshop^{(R)}$ is the professional standard in desktop digital imaging, offers indispensable new features for graphic and web design, photography, and video. Using imaging technology, it takes just minutes to realistically simulate the results of double eyelid operation, liposuction, rhinoplasty or any other aesthetic procedure. The aim of this study is to analyze the significance of the digital image processing and to introduce the virtual plastic surgery using Adobe $Photoshop^{(R)}$.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.56 no.11
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• pp.622-630
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• 2018

For successful surgery-first approach, accurate prediction of skeletal and dental changes following orthognathic surgery is essential. With recent development of digital technology using computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology, attempts to provide more predictable orthodontic/orthognathic treatment have been made through 3D virtual surgery and digital tooth setup. A clinical protocol for the surgery-first orthognathic approach using virtual surgery is proposed. A case of skeletal Class III patient with facial asymmetry treated by the surgery-first approach using digital setup and virtual surgery is presented. Advantages and limitations of applying CAD/CAM technology to orthognathic surgery are discussed.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.179-187
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• 2017

Recently, virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) have received increasing attention, with the development of VR/AR devices such as head-mounted displays, haptic devices, and AR glasses. Medicine is considered to be one of the most effective applications of VR/AR. In this article, we describe a systematic literature review conducted to investigate the state-of-the-art VR/AR technology relevant to plastic surgery. The 35 studies that were ultimately selected were categorized into 3 representative topics: VR/AR-based preoperative planning, navigation, and training. In addition, future trends of VR/AR technology associated with plastic surgery and related fields are discussed.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.676-682
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• 2022

Background Virtual education is an evolving method for teaching medical learners. During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, remote learning has provided a replacement for conferences, lectures, and meetings, but has not been described as a method for conducting a cadaver dissection. We aim to demonstrate how learners perceive a virtual cadaver dissection as an alternative to live dissection. Methods A virtual cadaver dissection was performed to demonstrate several upper extremity nerve procedures. These procedures were livestreamed as part of an educational event with multimedia and interactive audience questions. Participants were queried both during and after the session regarding their perceptions of this teaching modality. Results Attendance of a virtual dissection held for three plastic surgery training institutions began at 100 and finished with 70 participants. Intrasession response rates from the audience varied between 68 and 75%, of which 75% strongly agreed that they were satisfied with the virtual environment. The audience strongly agreed or agreed that the addition of multimedia captions (88%), magnified video loupe views (82%), and split-screen multicast view (64%) was beneficial. Postsession response rate was 27%, and generally reflected a positive perspective about the content of the session. Conclusions Virtual cadaver dissection is an effective modality for teaching surgical procedures and can be enhanced through technologies such as video loupes and multiple camera perspectives. The audience viewed the virtual cadaver dissection as a beneficial adjunct to surgical education. This format may also make in-person cadaver courses more effective by improving visualization and allowing for anatomic references to be displayed synchronously.

• Journal of International Society for Simulation Surgery
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.87-89
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• 2015

Closed reduction using acrylic splints with circummandibular fixation has been known to be useful techniques in pediatric mandibular fractures. However, this technique has some shortcomings, including needs for impression taking or additional laboratory process, which can increase the exposure time of general anesthesia or make an additional sedation visit. Recently, the advancement of computer-aided maxillofacial surgery offers to clinicians to expansion of its application. This case report represents a technique of computer-assisted virtual reconstruction and computer-aided designed splint fabrication in a 2-year-old boy with mandibular body fracture.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.158-166
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• 2009

The application of CT with basis on 3 dimensional-reconstruction is getting more widely practiced. With the data obtained from cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT), not only the diagnosis of the patient with skeletal abnormality but also the virtual simulation of the orthognathic surgery were performed and its application would be popular in orthodontic field. We reported a case, a 19-year old man who was diagnosed mandibular prognathism and required orthognatic surgery. In this case, the virtual orthognathic surgery was simulated and surgical wafer was fabricated by using CBCT data. That wafer was applied the actual orthognathic surgery. After preoperative orthodontic treatment, we prepared surgery as follows. : (l)Acquisition of 3D image data, (2)Reconstruction of 3-dimensional virtual model, (3)Virtual model surgery, (4)Extraction of stere-olithographic image, (5)Check-up for occlusal interference, (6)Fabrication of surgical stent by stereolithography. Bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy was operated and used stereolithographic surgical stent. 1 month later, we superimposed CBCT datas of virtual surgery and that of actual surgery, and then compared the result. CT data's application for othognathic surgery yielded satisfactory outcomes.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.108-111
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• 2011

Epiglottic cysts cause stridor mimicking asthma and hinder intubation in surgery. A huge cyst can obstruct the airway, making laryngeal examinations impossible. Before surgery, complete visualization of the larynx is necessary for the successful excision of a cyst. If laryngeal examination fails, computed tomography (CT) scanning can provide detailed information. Virtual endoscopy based on CT data reconstruction can yield a detailed three-dimensional image of the larynx. Here, we report two cases of epiglottic cysts along with virtual endoscopic findings and surgical photographs.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1997 no.11
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• pp.587-589
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• 1997

The virtual surgical trial of TAH is very important in some points as follows. The chests of patients who is under heart-disease are various types of undefine form. It is hard to say that there exist the standard shape of TAH and the position to surgern. So, the virtual surgery system is very important in realizing TAH surgery of human. We have implemented virtual surgery system of TAH that supporting multi volume fitting trial. We have acquired CT images of patients with DICOM format. Each organ of patients was segmented in 2-dimensional CT images. 3-dimensional objects were made with marching cube algorithm and save as file in VRML format. Virtual fitting trial was performed on Cosmo-World; a VRML editor. The collision points of TAH with other organs were well observed. And the best position and angles were determined and saved or each case. We believed that this virtual surgery will be helpful in TAH surgery and TAH customizing.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.116-119
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• 2011

Computed tomography with virtual bronchoscopy shows inner shape of trachea and major bronchi with three-dimensional images. Virtual bronchoscopy can be used in cases of suspected foreign body aspiration. Virtual bronchoscopy shows the exact location of the obstructive lesion before conventional bronchoscopy. If the chest radiography is normal or suggests aspirated foreign body, virtual bronchoscopy can be considered before conventional bronchoscopy. We experienced a case of false-tooth foreign body extracted under bronchoscopy. In this case, virtual bronchoscopy was made retrospectively giving useful information about shape and orientation regarding foreign body.