• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.20-27
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• 2014

Construction safety training has mostly relied on one-way transference of instructors' knowledge to trainees through traditional media such as textbooks and lecture slides. However, safety knowledge could be more effectively acquired in experiential situations. The authors proposed a serious game to provide a comprehensive safety training environment. Trainees who assume the roles of safety inspectors in the game explore a virtual construction site to identify potential hazards and learn from the contents of feedback created by the game as a result of trainees' input. The paper reports details of the game design and development process. The test results indicated that trainees were motivated to refresh their safety knowledge, increased their learning interests, and enjoyed the learning process. In addition, trainees showed positive attitudes towards using the game scoring as a way of evaluating their safety knowledge. The test results encouraged the continuous development of the game.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.89-102
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• 2017

With the increase in interest in health in the society, a variety of fusion studies have been conducted by ICT to sports. This study develops a smart bicycle that is run only when a rider maintains balance, and proposes an interface of studio space where the smart bicycle can be experienced. The studio consists of interactive smart bike, a geodesic dome for immersion of content for a single person, and virtual reality content that is implemented to enjoy various sceneries in real space. This study contributes to attempts of design and production of studio that is optimized to interactive space of smart bike for single person. This studio has a scalable interface, which can be applicable to various other interactive contents for sportainmnet.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.213-218
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• 2023

In order to use the VR HMD, operation through separate controllers in both hands is required. Methods for text input in VR include a method of selecting virtual keyboard keys on the screen one by one using a controller, a method of inputting through a keyboard that is a resource of a computer by connecting a computer and VR, or a method of inputting through a keyboard that is a resource of a computer by purchasing a wireless keyboard in VR and wireless keyboard connection method. As such, the text input method in current VR equipment causes inconvenience and additional costs to users. For these reasons, most of the VR-related contents are limited to simple functions such as games or viewers, and there is a risk that VR equipment will be recognized as a simple game machine. Therefore, in this study, a multi-input interface using hand tracking provided by the Oculus Quest2 device is designed and partially implemented. Through this, it is expected that various tasks such as document work and business processing as well as games can be conveniently used using VR equipment.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.1-6
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• 2023

To enhance immersive experiences for metaverse environements, background music is often used. However, the background music is mostly pre-matched and repeated which might occur a distractive experience to users as it does not align well with rapidly changing user-interactive contents. Thus, we implemented a system to provide a more immersive metaverse conversation experience by 1) developing a regression neural network that extracts emotions from an utterance using KEMDy20, the Korean multimodal emotion dataset 2) selecting music corresponding to the extracted emotions from an utterance by the DEAM dataset where music is tagged with arousal-valence levels 3) combining it with a virtual space where users can have a real-time conversation with avatars.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.293-303
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• 2017

Objective: This study aims to evaluate visual discomfort and visual fatigue caused by watching HMD and smartphones by conducting both subjective and objective measure. Background: With the rapid development of mobile Head-Mounted Display (HMD), the problem of visual discomfort and visual fatigue caused by watching Virtual Reality (VR) contents became a crucial concern for consumers and manufacturers, especially given that the casing of mobile HMD keeps the phone at a specified distance from the lenses that is close to the eyes. Method: Two smartphones were chosen for a preliminary study: LG G5 and Galaxy S7. As for a main study, iPhone 6S and Galaxy S7 were used. After being exposed to the selected clips, participants were asked to answer Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) and went through optometric tests that measure tear break-up time, spherical equivalent, and contrast sensitivity. Results: The subjective assessments indicate that HMD causes more visual discomfort compared to watching a smartphone. Furthermore, the experimental result confirms that watching a HMD causes more eye dryness compared to smartphones. Conclusion: The result of the study compared visual discomfort and visual fatigue of two different displays, HMD and smartphone, and confirmed that watching HMD causes more visual discomfort and visual fatigue. Application: Ultimately, this study could help manufacturers understand the strengths and weaknesses of different display forms, providing guidance for an effective application of HMD.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.63-73
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• 2018

These days, VR contents are created in three ways: CG based method, game engine based method, and live action shooting method. The most universal method is live action shooting. So far, most live actions are shot with action cams. Therefore, this method is different from professional image production method for movies and TV dramas. This study tries to point out the difference between professional image production method and action cam based shooting method, and proposes an alternative. The proposed method is log shooting based HDR filming and editing. As the result of test shooting and editing, the proposed method was able to obtain more color information than conventional action cam based shooting method and thereby to implement high-definition images which are hard in an action cam.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.1646-1654
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• 2017

Pupil size variation can not be controlled intentionally by the user and includes various features such as the blinking frequency and the duration of a blink, so it is suitable for understanding the user's emotional state. In addition, an ocular feature based emotion classification method should be studied for virtual and augmented reality, which is expected to be applied to various fields. In this paper, we propose a novel emotion classification based on CNN with pupil size variation signals which include not only various ocular feature information but also time information. As a result, compared to previous studies using the same database, the proposed method showed improved results of 5.99% and 12.98% respectively from arousal and valence emotion classification.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.39-44
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• 2015

In this paper, we analyze the immersion effects according to the level of map in adventure game. Computer games are actively enjoyed by many people around the world. Game players have frequently experienced the immersion which is an important aspect to be attained from games. However, it is not clear what immersion is and what kinds of factors influence to immersion. Nonetheless, in recent many researches, the elements of humanities and fun were found as factors of immersion in various digital contents such as game, virtual reality, cinema and etc. Therefore, today's games are developed on the basis of the humanities and fun theory that many researchers have been studied for a long time. In games, the balance of the level of map is related with immersion. Hence, it is important to know how the map patterns of game affect immersion of players. In this paper, we developed a 3D survival adventure game named by "1 Hour" using Unity3D in order to simulate how map patterns affect immersion of players. We also analyzed the relationship between the level of map and immersion using the game.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.852-865
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• 2022

During the COVID-19 pandemic, games played an important role in people's lives. Numerous online users flocked to the game platform, and brand companies started using online games to promote their products. Medical institutions have also implemented policies for healthy physical activity through online games. In order to attract more global game users, research on immersion in games is also very important to prevent users from leaving the platform. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the common immersion elements of popular games by country and study them from the perspective of changing devices. In this paper, representative popular games of Korea, China, and Japan, which are recently called the dark horse of the game industry, are classified by devices of mobile, online PCs, and VR games and analyzed using immersion analysis tools proposed by researcher. Next, the representative metaverse games of the Web 3.0 era were analyzed, and their characteristics were compared with the results of the immersion analysis between Korea, China, and Japan, and proposed as game immersion elements suitable for metabus games.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.41-59
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• 2022

Metaverse which was not mentioned until recently due to the failure of 'Second Life' in the past is drawing attention again with the emergence and popularity of metaverse platforms such as 'Roblox' and 'Zeppetto'. On the other hand, there are concerns that past failures will still be repeated. In order to create and sustain the ecosystem surrounding the metaverse, it is important to diagnose and analyze the development process of the metaverse industry and market to define a clear concept that expresses the current metaverse boom. In this paper, the metaverse of the future is defined as "Metaverse 2.0: A virtual world that evolves into a 'Hyper world' through the convergence of hyper-connectivity, hyper-intelligence, and hyper-reality." And six issues that need to be resolved for the activation of the metaverse were analyzed. Based on the contents of this study, it is expected that the metaverse ecosystem will be formed and spread by establishing the roles of the public sector and the private sector.