• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제30권12호
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• pp.1041-1051
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify for extenders, adhesives, colorants, and fungicides suitable for the production of high-quality film-coated seeds of Chinese cabbage. In addition, the effect of various additives used for film coating on the germination of coated seeds and seedling vigor was investigated to establish appropriate treatment conditions for film coating efficiency. The germination rate and germination speed in Chinese cabbage film-coated seeds did not differ significantly depending on the type and concentration of the extender, while the use of Talc resulted in superior granulation capacity and adhesion of the seed coat in comparison to Zeolite. There was no significant difference in the germination rate depending on the type of adhesive used for film coating of Chinese cabbage seeds, but the germination rate was slightly slower in the film-coated seeds using carboxymethyl cellulose as an adhesive. On the other hand, the seeds coated with a film using 1% PVA as an adhesive not only maintained hardness enough to withstand external pressure, but also showed a high germination rate. In addition, the suitable disinfectant for film coating was venoram, and the treatment concentration was good at 250 mg·L^-1. The type of colorant used in the film-coated seeds of Chinese cabbage did not significantly affect the germination rate, germination speed, and seedling vigor. The seeds film-coated using the liquid colorant were superior in appearance to the seeds film-coated with the solid colorant, which implies the possibility of reduction in the manufacturing costs by using the water-soluble paints as colorants for film-coated seeds.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.19-23
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• 1995

여섯가지 주요 두과목초의 자엽과 엽의 발달이 유식물 생장에 얼마나 관여하는 가에 대한 연구를 위하여 초종간 비교 검토를 하였다. 두과목초의 자엽은 출현 후 1주일 동안은 크기가 급격하게 증가하다가 그 이후는 최대 면적에 이를때까지 서서히 확장되었다. 큰 종자일수록 자엽 명적이 컸으며, 자엽 신장속도는 유식물 생장과 고도의 상관관계가 있었다. 잎이 일찍 발생되고 빨리 전개되는 것이 초기 유식물 생장에 결정적인 요인으로 작용하였다. 종자가 비교적 큰 alfalfa와 red clover는 광합성을 할 수 있는 기관의 면적이 크기 때문에 유식물 활력도 좋았다. Alsike clover와 white clover는 종자는 적으나 유식물 활력은 좋은 편이었는데 이들 두과는 초기에 빨리 잎을 전개하였으며 비교적 광합성율도 높았다. 반면 lespedeza는 존자는 무겁지만 유식물 활력은 매우 불량하였는데, 이것은 낮은 광합성 면적의 증가와 낮은 광합성율이 기인되었다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제10권
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• pp.67-72
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• 1969

In order to analyse the correlation between the parents and their hybrids in the silkworm, which were reared in spring, the author has surveyed the various quantitative characters which are significant in genetics, and the hybrid vigor rate. The duration of larvae life is shorter in F1 Value an in the mid parents value, cocoon size biffer, pupa rate, cocoon crop from ten thousand silkworms just molted in the fourth instar, total cocoon weight and cocoon layer weight increases in comparison with the mid parents value. Although cocoon layer ratio only shows increasing by 0.3％ or so, it is too little to admit the effect. F1 value is nearly equal to parent value and there is no correlation between F1 hybrids value and their mid parents value.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.65-69
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• 1991

과맥에서 종자활력의 저하요인을 구명하고자 과맥 2계통(피, 과 isogenic line포함) 및 피맥 1품종의 종자의 수발아를 유도하여 손과 기계탈곡(700 rpm ) 한 종자를 이용하였다. 1. 수발아된 종자를 손 탈곡하여 배부분의 손상이 없어서 발아세, 발아율, TTC치은 수발아 정도에 따른 차이가 적었으나, 출아력은 수발아가 클수록 감소되었다. 2. 수발아된 종자는 기계탈곡시 배의 부분적인 손상이 관찰되었으며, 손 탈곡에 비해서 종자활력에 관계된 형질들이 고도로 유의적인 감소를 가져왔고 효소활력은 크게 증가되었다. 3 손 탈곡구에서 수발아 정도는 효소활력 ( r =0.9 31＊＊, 0.951＊＊) 및 발아력 ( r=0.46＊)과 정상관이 있었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.305-322
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• 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of artificial light sources on the germination and seedling vigor of lettuce, aiming to identify the optimal artificial light source for producing high-quality seedlings. Lettuce cultivar of 'Tomalin' and 'Seonpunggold' exhibited the highest seed emergence in the Metal halide(MH) lamp and High-pressure sodium(HPS) lamp treatment group, while the emergence rate parameter, T50, was the fastest in the HPS lamp treatment group. Both cultivars showed good growth characteristics such as number of leaves, root length, and stem diameter under RGB-LED, and their seedling vigor was excellent as well. The plant height was smallest in the Red + Green + Blue LED treatment, but the leaves were round and thick, resulting in higher biomass and dry weight. Single light sources of Red LED and Blue LED led to reduced growth compared with that under the mixed light treatments. Chlorophyll content in lettuce varied with the type of artificial light, with both cultivars exhibiting the highest chlorophyll content in the Red + Green + Blue LED treatment. The most suitable artificial light for lettuce seedling growth was the Red + Green + Blue LED treatment.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.34-41
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• 2000

솔잎혹파리 피해임지의 특성에 따른 수세변동을 구명하였다. 솔잎혹파리 피해도("심", "중", "경")별로 구분하여 수세를 조사한 결과 피해가 심한 지역의 수목은 수세가 현저하게 약화되었으며, 수목의 임분밀도("밀", "중", "소")별로 구분한 경우는 피해도와 관계없이 임분밀도가 낮은 임분에서 수목의 수세가 강하게 나타났다. 수목의 외형적 인자중 수관폭과, 흉고직경이 작은 개체에 비하여 큰 개체의 수세가 모든 임분에서 강하게 나타났다. 각 임분에서 전기저항치와 수관면적과의 관계는 피해도 "심" 임분에서는 수관면적이 $13.4m^2$ "중" 임분에서는 $10.9m^2$, "경" 임분에서는 $7.9m^2$로 피해가 심할수록 수관면적이 넓어야 임목이 생존할 가능성이 높은 전기저항치($15k{\Omega}$ 이하)가 나타나는 것으로 파악되었다.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.439-447
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• 2010

Riptortus clavatus, one of the many insects in major crops, damages pods and seeds, which reduces seed vigor and viability in soybeans. This study was conducted to examine the effect of diversely damaged seeds by R. clavatus on seed germination and seedling emergence and to determine the association of damaged seed with quality and yield of soybean sprouts. All seeds damaged by R. clavatus significantly (P<0.05) reduced seed vigor as measured by the rates of seed germination, germination speed, and seedling emergence. Mean seed germination rate of non-damaged seeds in sprout-soybean varieties was 97.8%, whereas the rates of seeds damaged at different levels, 31-50% and 51-80%, were 23.0 and 5.4%, respectively. The rates of seedling rot and abnormal, incomplete germination significantly (P<0.05) increased as the amount of seeds damaged by R. clavatus increased to 5, 10 and 15% against the total seeds for sprout production. Yield of soybean sprouts from seeds damaged at different levels decreased up to 13% as compared to that in normal seeds. In customer preferences on soybean sprout produce, 84% of customers participated in survey preferred to purchase sprouts from seeds with 5% of damaged seeds, but sprouts produced from seeds with 15% of damaged seeds were intended to purchase only by 22% of the customers. Areas of the seed damaged by R. clavatus were readily infected by pathogens as the seed germinated, resulted in deteriorated quality and reduced yield of sprout produce.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.79-91
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• 2008

Research was initiated to investigate germination characteristics of creeping bentgrass (CB, Agrostis palustris Huds.). Seven varieties of CB were evaluated with different experiments. An alternative environment condition requiring for a CB germination test by International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) was applied in the Experiment I, consisting of 8-hr light at $25^{\circ}C$ and 16-hr dark at $15^{\circ}C$(ISTA conditions). Experiment II was conducted under a room temperature condition of 5 to $25^{\circ}C$(natural conditions). In each experiment, data such as seed germinating vigor, early germination characteristics, germination speed and germination peak time were measured. Significant differences were observed in seed germinating vigor, early germination characteristics, germination speed and germination peak time. Seed germinating vigor was variable with different environments and varieties. It was 61.50 to 98.25% under ISTA conditions and 55.00 to 98.50% under natural conditions. There were considerable variations in early germination characteristics among CB varieties according to different conditions. Early germination characteristics indicated that all varieties were 1 to 4 days faster in germination under ISTA conditions, when compared with natural conditions. The germination speed, measured as days to seed germination of 70% and 90%, was much faster with Penn A-1, Penn A-4 and Penncross under ISTA conditions. But it was even faster with L-93 and Penncross when grown under natural conditions. Differences were also observed in germination peak time with varieties and growing conditions. It was 0.57 to 2.86 days under ISTA conditions and 0.74 to 1.74 days under natural conditions. Regardless of the environment conditions, the shortest variety was L-93 and the longest one T-1. Considering germinating vigor, early germination characteristics, germination speed and germination peak time, Penn A-1, Penn A-4 and Penncross were regarded as excellent varieties under ISTA conditions in terms of early establishment characteristics, while L-93, Penn A-1 and Penncross under natural conditions. These results suggest that an intensive germination test be needed prior to planting, for the early germinating vigor, germination speed and germination peak time. Also, a proper variety selection and comprehensive site analysis for the growing environmental conditions should be done before golf course construction.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.23-38
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• 2015

The study was initiated with Kentucky bluegrass (KB, Poa pratensis L.) to investigate germination and early establishment characteristics of new cultivars for a practical application to turfgrass establishment such as parks, athletic field and golf course etc. Fifteen cultivars were evaluated in different experiments. An alternative condition for a KB germination test required by International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) was applied in Experiment I, consisting of 8-hr light at $25^{\circ}C$ and 16-hr dark at $15^{\circ}C$ (ISTA conditions). Experiment II was conducted under a room temperature condition of 5 to $25^{\circ}C$ (natural conditions). Seed germinating vigor, germination speed and germination peak time were measured in both experiments. Significant differences were observed in seed germinating vigor, germination speed and germination peak time. Seed germinating vigor was variable with different environments and cultivars. It was 75.25 to 89.50% under ISTA conditions and 75.75 to 90.25% under natural conditions. There were considerable variations in early germination characteristics among KB cultivars according to different environments. Early germination characteristics showed that all cultivars were 3 to 5 days faster in germination under ISTA conditions, when compared with natural conditions. The germination speed, measured as days to seed germination of 50% to 80%, was much faster with 'Midnight II', 'Excursion' and 'Midnight' under ISTA conditions. But it was faster with 'Midnight II', 'Excursion' and 'Odyssey' under natural conditions. Differences was also observed in germination peak time with cultivars and growing conditions. It ranged 5.94 to 14.88 days under ISTA conditions and 4.71 to 13.06 days under natural conditions. Regardless of the environment conditions, the shortest cultivars were 'Odyssey' and 'Midnight II'. The longest ones were 'Nuglade' under ISTA condition and 'Moonlight' under natural conditions. Considering germinating vigor, germination speed and germination peak time, 'Midnight II', 'Excursion', 'Midnight', and 'Odyssey' were regarded as excellent cultivars under ISTA conditions in terms of early establishment characteristics, while 'Midnight II', 'Excursion', 'Odyssey', and 'Courtyard' under natural conditions. These results suggest that an intensive germination test be needed prior to planting, for investigating the early germinating vigor, germination speed and germination peak time. Also, a proper cultivar selection and comprehensive site analysis for the growing environmental conditions should be done before turfgrass establishment such as golf course construction.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.139-150
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• 1993

대두의 대소입종간 종자활성의 차이를 구명하고자, 대소입종 간 발아생리의 차이를 조사함과 더불어 종자활성에 관련된 물리 화학적 특성 및 생리적현상을 연구하였던 바 그 주요한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 종실의 구성비율에 있어서 소립종군은 종피율이 7.9～9.9%, 유근의 비율은 2.5～3.3%이었고, 대립종군은 종피율 5.5～6.4%, 유근의 비율 1.5～2.1% 정도로써 소립종이 자엽에 대한 종피 및 유근의 비율이 훨씬 높았다. 2. 종피의 두께는 대소입종간 차이가 없었으며, 종실의 단백질, 가용성 질소 및 지방함량등의 차이는 나타나지 않았으나, 종피의 탄수화물, 종피의 조섬유함량과 침종후 종실 경도는 소입종에서 높은 경향을 보였다. 3. 표재 발아력에서는 대소입종 간 차이가 뚜렷하지 않았으나, 노화 처리후 대소입 간 발아력 처리는 현저하여, 소입종들은 47～80%의 발아율을 보인 반면 대입종에 있어서는 14～24% 범위의 낮은 발아율을 나타내었다. 4. 침종 24시간 후 자엽손상도에 있어서는 소엽종군은 0～16%, 대엽종군으니 16～40%의 자엽 손상율을 보였다. 5. $25^{\circ}C$에서 6기간 침종시킨 다음 풍건장능에서 12시간 방치하였을 때 소입종자는 침종전에 비해 25.5%의 수분만을 더 보유하고 있는 반면 대입종은 51% 내외의 수분을 함유하고 있어 소입종의 수분 방출 능력이 크게 높음을 알수 있었다. 6. 용출 물질 전도도에 있어서는 대입종에서 현저히 높았고, 가용성 당과 질소의 용출량 역시 대입종이 높게 나타났으며, 침종용액의 pH는 대입종이 낮은 경향을 보였다. 7. 저장 기간에 따른 대소입종 간 용출물질 전도도의 차이는 보이지 않았으나 18개월 저장후 소입종은 60～96%의 출현율을 보인 반면, 대입종은 출현율이 22～48%에 불과하였다. 8. 동일 품종의 대소입간에도 소입이 더 높은 종자 활성을 나타내는 경향을 보였다.