• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.20 no.1 s.46
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• pp.6-14
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• 1981

The effect of heat or chemotherapeutant treatment on the mosaic virus infected garlic(Allium sativum L.) scales and that of chemotherapeutant added to the culture medium were summarized as following. The treatment of the virus infected garlic scales at $37\~57^{\circ}C$ for 35 days to one hour in water or in air shelved no effort of inactivating the virus. Although treatment of the garlic scales at $62\~72^{\circ}C$ for 90 to five minutes reduced the mosaic symptom on the leaves of the garlic plants grown after the heat treatment, it reduced the growth vigor of the plants so greatly that complete inactivation of the virus in garlics was not feasible. The mosaic symptom on the leaves of garlic plant was reduced when the infected garlic scales were grown after 24 hours soaking in $10\~50\;ppm$ Malachite Green, 2,4-Dichlorophnoxy Acetic Acid, or in $20\~100\;ppm$ Quinhydron. These chemotherapeutants, however, inhibited the growth of garlic plant at the high concentration. Garlic scales soaked in $10\~50\;ppm$ Naphthyl Acetic Acid showed the least mosaic symptom without its complete extiction on the garlic leaves. When incorporated into the modified Murashige-Skoog's medium, $0.5\~l.5\;ppm$ Naphthyl Acetic Acid could inactivate the mosaic virus in newy developed garlic plants showing no mosaic symptom on the leaves, no inclusion bodies and intact nuclei in the leaf tissue cells.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.243-248
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• 1996

The yield and quality of black medick seeds(Medicago lupulina L.) produced from different fertilization and flowering position was investigated was investigated to develop the technology of seed vigor maintenance. Number of flowers and seeds, 100 seeds weight, yellow seed percentage, and large seed percentage were higher in seeds produced from stems than in those from branches. Increase of nitrogen resulted in a higher rate of yellow and large seeds as well as 160 seeds weight. Germination rate was the highest (56.9%) in the yellow seeds harvested from stems which were grown with a treatment of lower level of nitrogen and higher level of phosphorus. Malformed seedlings were frequently observed among the seedlings grown from seeds which were produced only with phosphorus.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.161-161
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• 2017

Seed endophytes are very remarkable groups of bacteria for their unique abilities of being vertically transmitted and conserved. As plants attain hybrid vigor and heterosis in the process of crossbreeding, this might also lead to the changes in the community structure and diversity of plant endophytes in the hybrid plants ultimately affecting the endophytes of the seeds. It would be interesting to characterize how seed endophyte composition change over time. The objective of this study is to gain insights into the influence of natural crossbreeding and parental lineage in the seed bacterial endophytic communities of two pure inbred lines exploring contributions of the two most important sources of plant endophytes - colonization from external sources and vertical transmission via seeds. Total genomic DNA was isolated from rice seeds and bacterial DNA was selectively amplified by PCR. The diversity of endophytic bacteria was studied through Terminal-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis. Diversity between the original parents and the pure inbred line may show significant differences in terms of richness, evenness and diversity indices. Heat maps reveal astonishing contributions of both or either parents (IR29 ${\times}$ Pokkali and AT401 ${\times}$ IR31868) in the shaping of the bacterial seed endophytes of the hybrid, FL478 and IC32, respectively. Most of the T-RFs of the subsequent pure inbred line could be traced to any or both of the parents. Comparison of common and genotype-specific T-RFs of parents and their offspring reveals that majority of the T-RFs are shared suggesting higher transmission of bacterial communities common to both parents. The parents influence the bacterial community of their offspring. Unique T-RFs of the offspring also suggest external sources of colonization particularly as the seeds are cultivated in different ecogeographical locations. This study showed that host parental lines contributed greatly in the shaping of bacterial seed endophytes of their offspring. It also revealed transmission and potential conservation of core seed bacterial endophytes that generally become the dominant microbiota in the succeeding generations of plant hosts.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.618-623
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• 2015

The new white calla lily (Zantedeschia aethiopica) cultivar 'White Cutie' was bred at the National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science (NIHHS) in 2011. 'Childsiana' showing the multi-flowering characteristic and 'Wedding March' resistant to soft rot disease were artificially crossed in 2004. Of the progeny, 'White Cutie' was selected specifically for use in cut flower production after investigation over seven years (2005 to 2011) of genetic and phenotypic characteristics, resistance against soft rot, and customer preference regarding the culture vigor and post-harvest quality. 'White Cutie' was early flowering (85.6 days to flowering) with white flowers (RHS W155C), although it had a mid-sized flower in which spathe height and width were 8.6 cm and 8.7 cm, respectively. It was multi-flowering (6.2 flowers per plant) and produced a very high number of cormels (13.4 per plant). Furthermore, it was resistant to soft rot disease.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.454-462
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• 2014

This study was carried out to determine the effect of tree height on light transmission, spray penetration, tree growth performance, fruit quality attributes, and labor productivity in the slender-spindle system of 'Hongro'/M.9 apple trees. With increasing tree height, the light penetration into the internal parts of the canopy decreased, especially in the lower canopy. Leaf area index (LAI) increased with increasing tree height, thereby leading to a reduction in the extent of spray penetration into the interior of the canopy. With increasing tree height, shoot growth was more vigorous but produced slender shoots in the upper canopy compared to the lower canopy. Although the soluble solid content and coloration of fruit decreased, there was no difference in fruit firmness and acidity. In addition, the number of final fruit set increased, although the production of large fruit (> 305 g) decreased. The increase in tree height also significantly increased the labor required for practices such as thinning of flowers and fruits, pruning, and harvesting. Nevertheless, this problem of increased in labor input in taller trees would was eased by use of a mechanical lift. Utilizing a lift for thinning the flowers of trees 4.5 m in height saved 14.6 min per tree, compared to the use of ladder. Therefore, it is highly considerable that in order to enhance light transmission and fruit coloration, light conditions should be improved in the internal tree canopy of slender-spindle systems.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.353-362
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• 2007

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a common food borne mycotoxin and occurs predominantly in grains such as wheat, barley, oats, etc. DON induces systemic health problems such as loss of appetite, emesis and diarrhea in both human and farm animals. Reliable diagnostic parameters for DON intoxication are needed to prevent deep health impact. In order to establish useful diagnostic parameters, we investigated clinical signs, hematological values, serum biochemical values, gross-, histo- and toxico-pathological findings in B6C3F1 male mice after oral administration of DON (0.83, 2.5 and 7.5 mg/kg) for 8 days. Body weight gain was significantly decreased at the highest dose of DON. Anorexia, ataxia, for crudness and lack of vigor were observed at the highest dose DON group. In hematological values, the numbers of WBC and platelets and hemoglobin content were reduced with decreased neutrophil and monocytes by 7.5 mg/kg DON. Prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) were prolonged in a dose-dependent manner and the content of fibrinogen was elevated at high dose of DON. Of serum biochemical values, total protein, globulin, BUN, cholesterol and test-osterone were reduced but total bilirubin and albumin/globulin ratio increased. The enzyme activity of alkaline phosphatase was decreased while that of alanine aminotransferase was elevated. Relative organ weights of thymus, seminal vesicle/prostate and testes were dose-dependently reduced but those of liver and left adrenal gland increased with dose dependency. As for pathological findings, atrophy of thymus, seminal vesicle/prostate and testes and submucosal edema and ulceration in stomach and depletion of lymphocytes in thymus cortex were observed. In conclusion, these clinical, hematological, blood biochemical and patholgical parameters obtained in the present studies can be used for diagnosis of DON-mycotoxicosis, especially, low WBC, platelets, protein, BUN and testosterone and delayed prothrombin time can be available as for reliable diagnostic parameters.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.16
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• pp.207-254
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• 2001

This study is focused on forecasting the future of tole-democracy. Many Scholars expect that internet provides technological space needing realizing the tole-democracy or deliberate democracy. Especially in Korea, this expectation is higher than other nations because of political corruption and inefficiency. Therefore internet is intended to considering as new technologies reforming political process. In 16th the general election period, many candidates established home page and used as election campaign tool. And a little of home pages is payed attention to among voters. In spite of using internet as political medium, many political communication researchers have a doubt that internet will realize ideal direct democracy. It's reason is that internet is open and anonymous space. At anonymous space, communication participators is tended to be irresponsible and non-serious. Therefore it is hard that cyber-politics will be ideal type of democracy. In this context, this paper analyzed how pauicipators communicate with others at cyber bulletin board establishing candidate's home pages. Main research questions is how do discussions at cyberspace fulfill the conditions of deliberate democracy. Therefore, concrete questions include; who are participators at candidate's cyber bulletin board; which pattern do they communicate; what is the theme of communication; which effects do the anonymous character of cyberspace influence. To that purpose, this study conducted content analysis on 4,210 written matters at 82 cyber bulletin boards of candidate's home page establishing during 16th the general election period. It can be found that cyberspace in Korea still is not deliberate democracy space and not will be. Firstly, discussion patterns at cyber bulletin board is "candidate with supporters communication space. To be exact, it is said that candidate's home page is "the space of self-convincing among supporters." Secondly, the main themes of discussion are simple emotional expressions; "I support you!" "fighting" "Be vigor" etc. By contrast, real political contents'-central or local political matters - is relatively few. In the mode of expression, real political messages are more positive, logical than simple expressions, candidates private matters. Especially this characteristic will make cyberspace as "mutual slander space" consolidating anonymous characteristic of cyberspace. finally, Cyberspace in Korea still is not real "public sphere" realizing deliberate process. Therefore to be real public sphere, it is needed to participant's ethical maturity and political citizenship. In conclusion, it is difficult that cyberspace will reconstruct the Athene's Agora. On the contrary, Cyberagora will like to be irrespectable area fulfilling the sweeping. Making the deliberate space, technological possibility and ethical condition will have to be balanced together.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

The scientific verification of the physiological and psychological effects that result from interaction with green plants would not only provide objective knowledge on the psychological effect of green but would also establish useful grounds for the creation of green spaces that consider human emotions. The present study measured the cerebral activity(cerebral blood flow) and the autonomic nervous system activity (blood pressure, pulse rate, amylase) of fifteen Korean male subjects as they inhaled the natural scent diffused by pine needles. Impression and mood state evaluations of the reactions to the pine scent were carried out using the SD method and POMS. Cerebral activity was observed to be significantly activated in the feeling, judgment, and motor areas of the frontal lobe, as well as the memory area in the temporal lobe. Verbal evaluations by the SD method and POMS indicated a pine scent left natural but stimulated and active impressions, provided vigor, and also reduced confusion. The autonomic nervous system activities, however, showed no significant differences. These findings verified scientifically that a pine scent vitalizes humans both physiologically and psychologically. These results could be useful as fundamental data for the design of green spaces that consider human emotional aspects.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.69 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 1985

Introgressive hybridization of Pinus densiflora in Korea was investigated by examining the position of resin ducts in 4,992 trees from 67 populations. Judging that P. densiflora has only external resin ducts, P. thunbergii only medial resin ducts, and any tree which has even one needle with external and medial resin ducts is hybrid, hybrids are found at all populations investigated. As variation in position of resin ducts was found among needles on a tree, the number of needles investigated from a tree affects judgment of the tree's hybridity. Therefore, hybridity seems to be judged by many traits rather than by the single trait, position of resin ducts. Seed production by artificial pollination between P. densiflora and P. thunbergii was very poor, i.e. one full seed from five female flowers or from two mature cones. This poor seed production, in addition to the low hybrid vigor, if any, seems to make the artificial pollination between the two species for mass-production of seeds for planting impractical.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.412-419
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• 1994

This study was carried out to investigate changes of chemical composition in seed, germination percentage, and seedling growth of two F$_1$ hybrid rices(V20A/Cheongcheongbyeo, IR62829A/Cheongcheongbyeo) during germination compared with their parents (V20B, IR62829B and Cheongcheongbyeo) and check variety(Samgangbyeo). F$_1$ hybrid rice showed higher content of free amino acid, inorganic elements, ($P_2O_5$, $K_2$O, MgO) and total sugar, and higher a-amylase activity in brown rice than those of their parents and check variety during germination. Therefore$F_1$hybrid rices showed hybrid vigor in germination percentage at 33 hour and 48 hour after sowing. $F_1$ Hybrid rices also showed /heterosis in seedling growth was different between V20A/Cheongcheongbyeo and IR 62829A/Cheongcheongbyeo. There were positive significant correlation between a-amylase activity and germination percentage, and seedling growth.