• 대순사상논총
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• 제47집
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• pp.39-63
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• 2023

현대사회의 병리현상 중에서 매우 심각하게 문제를 야기하는 "중독(中毒)" 현상에 대한 도가철학적 해석과 해결 방안을 모색하는 것이 본고의 의도이다. 이를 위해 철학적 사유의 지평에서 중독을 관조는 법을 구명하였다. 질병은 고정불변의 실체를 지니는 존재자가 아니라 균형과 조화를 상실한 일종의 현상으로서 파악해야 한다. 이에 대한 치료는 해독약으로서의 약(藥)을 처방할 수 있다. 약 자체가 독약과 양약의 구분이 모호한 물질적 존재로서, 조화와 균형의 시각에서 약을 다루어야만 중독 현상의 해결에 유효할 수 있다. 중독 현상을 보는 도가철학의 관점은 만물의 개별자가 지니는 욕망의 일탈 또는 욕망의 과잉으로 빚어진 병리 현상이다. 개별자는 우주자연의 변화과정 속에 일시적으로 존재하는 과정적 존재일 뿐이다. 이런 도가적 세계관을 계승하는 유파로서의 한의철학이 있다. 도가적 한의철학의 지평에서 중독 현상은 마음의 조화와 균형을 잃는 것에서 온다. 해결의 방법도 마음의 혼란 상태[마(魔)]를 안정시키는 것에서 시작한다. 병리현상으로서의 중독은 실제로는 실체적 본질이 없다. 질병 현상은 삶의 어떤 계기나 인연에 의하여 조금씩 쌓여 견고하게 굳어진 일종의 일시적 현상일 뿐, 영원한 본질이 있는 악의 표상이 아니다. 이런 이치를 자각하는 순간 그런 병리현상에서 벗어날 수 있는 길이 열린다. 도가철학의 진단과 처방은 단호하다. 욕망의 일탈이 바로 병리현상을 일으킨다. 과유불급(過猶不及)이다. 과(過)와 불급(不及) 사이의 조화와 균형을 찾는 일이 중요하다. 그리하면 병리적 중독과 같은 모든 시름은 우주변화의 풍랑에 씻기어 간다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.269-287
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• 2016

이 연구는 유병언 사망 사건과 관련된 언론 보도를 네트워크 분석하고, 이 사건이 소셜네트워크사이트를 통해 어떻게 확산되는지 이슈의 확산 과정을 네트워크 분석했다. 지상파 언론과 종편을 분석 대상으로 언론보도의 이슈 현저성, 단어의 가시성과 연결성을 분석했다. 네트워크 분석 결과 종편은 사건과 관련된 핵심 정보보다는 유병언 유류품, 브랜드, 시신에 대한 루머를 강조했고, 지상파 방송은 국과수의 DNA 검사 결과를 중심으로 보도했다. 시기별로 보면 1기 지상파는 '유병언 시신 발견 프레임'을, 종편은 '수사 비난 프레임', '명품 강조 프레임'으로 사건을 틀지었다. 2기 지상파는 '유병언 사인 분석 프레임'을, 종편은 '의혹 제기 프레임'을 강조했다. 3기 지상파는 몇 건 밖에 보도하지 않아 분석의 의미가 없고 종편은 '주변 정보 강조 프레임'이 부각되었다. 언론의 보도는 유투브와 SNS를 통해 확산되었는데, 네트워크 분석 결과 유병언 사망과 관련된 루머가 주목을 받은 것으로 나타났다. 인터넷과 SNS의 발달로 독자들이 적극적으로 의견을 표출하면서 루머를 확산시킨 것으로 생각된다. 음모론의 확산 과정에서 주류 언론은 종편의 선정적이고 자극적인 보도에 밀려 영향을 발휘하지 못했음이 밝혀졌다.

• Interdisciplinary Bio Central
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.7.1-7.7
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• 2009

"To be, or not to be?" This question is not only Hamlet's agony but also the dilemma of mitochondria in a cancer cell. Cancer cells have a high glycolysis rate even in the presence of oxygen. This feature of cancer cells is known as the Warburg effect, named for the first scientist to observe it, Otto Warburg, who assumed that because of mitochondrial malfunction, cancer cells had to depend on anaerobic glycolysis to generate ATP. It was demonstrated, however, that cancer cells with intact mitochondria also showed evidence of the Warburg effect. Thus, an alternative explanation was proposed: the Warburg effect helps cancer cells harness additional ATP to meet the high energy demand required for their extraordinary growth while providing a basic building block of metabolites for their proliferation. A third view suggests that the Warburg effect is a defense mechanism, protecting cancer cells from the higher than usual oxidative environment in which they survive. Interestingly, the latter view does not conflict with the high-energy production view, as increased glucose metabolism enables cancer cells to produce larger amounts of both antioxidants to fight oxidative stress and ATP and metabolites for growth. The combination of these two different hypotheses may explain the Warburg effect, but critical questions at the mechanistic level remain to be explored. Cancer shows complex and multi-faceted behaviors. Previously, there has been no overall plan or systematic approach to integrate and interpret the complex signaling in cancer cells. A new paradigm of collaboration and a well-designed systemic approach will supply answers to fill the gaps in current cancer knowledge and will accelerate the discovery of the connections behind the Warburg mystery. An integrated understanding of cancer complexity and tumorigenesis is necessary to expand the frontiers of cancer cell biology.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제37권5_1호
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• pp.975-987
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• 2021

동남아시아 지역의 갯벌에 널리 서식하는 패류인 Meretrix lyrata의 집단폐사 현상의 원인과 해결책을 찾기 위한 일환으로 서식지 분포 확률도를 제작하였다. 서식지 분포 확률도는 GIS (Geographic Information System) 기법의 일종인 FR (Frequency Ratio) 기법을 활용하여 제작하였으며, 입력인자로는 Landsat 영상 기반의 DEM(Digital Elevation Model)과 경사도, WorldView-02 영상 기반의 조류로 밀도도 및 거리도, 표층퇴적상 분포도와 현장관측 자료를 활용하였다. 현장관측은 2014년 4월 베트남 Ben-tre 주의 Bihn Dai 지역의 갯벌에서 수행하였으며, 연구지역의 지형고도, 표층 저서생물상, 표층 퇴적상 자료를 수집하였다. 서식지 분포 확률도는 Mertrix lyrata 총 개체와 치패로 나누어 제작하였으며, 정확도는 각각 76.82%, 69.51%로 좋은 정확도를 보였다. 서식지 분포 확률도 분석 결과 Meretrix lyrata는 총 개체와 치패 모두의 경우에서 Sand가 우세한 지역에 서식하지만, 총 개체는 주로 고도가 -0.2~0.2 m 사이의 조간대 중-하부에 서식하며, 치패는 그보다 높은 0~0.3 m 사이의 지역에 서식하였다. 또한 총 개체의 서식지는 조류로로부터 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났지만, 치패는 조류로의 영향을 받지 않았다. 향후 국내 갯벌과의 비교 분석을 통해 서식지 분포 확률도의 정확도를 높이고, Meretrix lyrata를 비롯한 여러 대형저서동물의 서식환경에 대한 분석을 통해, 기후변화 등으로 인한 갯벌 생태의 변화에 대해 예측할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.313-330
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the metatheatricality of Harris' plays marked by the device of 'play-within-a-play' - Androcles and the Lion, Arkansaw Bear, and Punch and Judy. In his metatheatrical plays Harris shows that characters perform for themselves and others. The framework that inner performance is going on within the outer frame play is formed on the stage, and this device reminds the audience in the seats that they are representing reality but that they are only in the middle of performing on the stage. Based on this point of view, this study explores fictionality of character, and play. In Androcles and the Lion, the most-performed children's play in America, the metatheatrical elements are shown in the style of commedia dell'arte, which attacks the rigidity of characters' identity in the Roman society. Another well-known children's play, Arkansaw Bear consists of realistic frame play and fantastic inner play in the mind of a girl, both of which function as a mirror each other and help to sustain aesthetic distance to death and reality on the stage. In Punch and Judy, the structure of frame play and inner puppet play reminds that what's going on in the play is just a fictional play and reflects history of children's puppet show. Harris' unique metatheatricality, the heightened awareness of his own artistic medium, offers children educational opportunity to learn about how a play is performed on the stage and contributes to convey mature theme through children's imaginary participation in the process of playmaking on the stage.

• 영미문화
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.103-137
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• 2018

Harold Pinter's One for the Road(1984) is a play about violence. Nicholas, who appears to be the manager of a place, interrogates Victor, Nicky, and Victor's wife Gila in a room for one day from morning to night. There is no direct physical violence in this play. But hints about the atrocities that took place outside the stage make the audience guess the violence and cruelty. Violence, which is not seen as such, is the central theme of the play. One for the road is worth reading as a resistance to breaking the mirror of global ideology, not as it deals with violent events confined to Turkey. The problem which Pinter had in mind, in particular, is that the United States plays a leading role in producing world-class ideologies, and that Britain is involved in collusion with the United States in cultivating such ideological fantasies, both abroad and at home. This thesis analyzes the contrasting reactions of each character in the play based on this social context. In particular, the conflicting reactions of the characters on the system are the most important conflict in the drama. Nicolas is a manager who moves on the system without seeing the truth. Victor and his family, on the other hand, do not move within the same ideology as Nicholas. This paper will take a look at what their strategies of resistance is and how they are revealed in the work. In fact, Nicholas appears split. Nicholas seemingly reacted decisively to the interpellation of the system. He expresses his belief and respect for the legitimacy of his actions. However, he has repeatedly sought the respect and love of Victor. Nicholas is now swaying. The theme that Nicholas presents consciously by grabbing at his own sway is 'Patriotism.' But this fantasy splits through Victor's silence and death demands. Therefore, the questions to be answered are: So why does Nicolas appear to be torn apart in a system that directs violence? But why is he forced to assimilate into the system? What other figures imply? To answer these questions, this thesis will take Slavoj Zizek's view of ideology. On the other hand, there are previous studies that read the system of violence in One for the road from the Althusser's perspective. Surely, this play explores the role of Ideological State Apparatus. However, from the point of view of Althusser, it is not possible to read Nicholas's division and the point of resistance seen by Victor's family. Pinter does not limit the scope of the ideological system as a closed one that regenerates ideologies, but secures the domain of main body resistance and struggle. On the other hand, there are already several domestic theses that read Pinter's work in Zizek's perspective. But these theses are mainly focused on analysis of Mountain Language. What this thesis would suggest is that there is a potential for an ethical figure of Zizek to be considered in One for the Road.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.5005-5009
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• 2016

Introduction: Gutkha contains harmful and carcinogenic chemicals and oral cancer caused by tobacco usage has been reported as a major preventable cause of death worldwide by the World Health Organization. The Telangana state government implemented a ban on gutkha usage starting in 2013 but how effective this ban has been remains unclear. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the actual impact of the gutkha ban on users and vendors. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among gutkha users and tobacco vendors in Ranga Reddy district, Telangana. Based on a pilot study the sample size was determined as 368 and 384 for users and vendors respectively. Two separate questionnaires were administered to these groups. The parameters studied mainly included knowledge regarding the ban, and its impact. Results: About 49.1% of the users were aware of the ban on gutkha. Newspapers were the main source of information regarding the ban as reported by 45.3% of users. After the ban, 29.8% of gutkha users switched to other tobacco products. Awareness of health hazards and non-availability of gutkha was the most important reason stated for quitting or reducing consumption. Conclusion: The perspective of ban when visualized from the users point of view depicted a negative impact while the vendors portrayed a positive impact. Considering the addictive potential of the ingredients of gutkha, recording the effects of the ban on regular consumers and determining whether they can still obtain the products by illicit trade, would be noteworthy for implementation of strict rules.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.50-57
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• 1999

Folk belief, which originated with the rise of human existence is a fundamental and comprehensive mode of living that reflects sociocultural conditions. Adherents of folk belief accept a certain thing to be true and real without scientific authority and absolute certainty. Taboo can be seen as a king of folk belief. The object of this study is to examine the taboos in relation to the manufacturing process and the quality of the shroud and to shrouding customs. I will also try to find out the meaning and significance in this. Through this task, I hope to contribute to the enhanced understanding of the cultural characteristics, the spiritual life, and the views on after life of the Korean people. In Korea, it is considered to be propitious to prepare the shroud on the intercalary month of the leap year , as it allows one to enjoy longevity healthy and sound. Moreover, as this belief gives credence and repose while preparing for the “final departure”, this custom is relatively well observed. From the taboo concerning leap months, we infer that death as viewed as a commencement of a new life, which reveals a positive view on afterlife. This can be seen as a return to the origin of anti-universal space in this “bonus” month of anti-universal time. Taboos on the manufacturing process of the shroud is related to the belief that it allows the deceased to go the nest world without any hesistation or disturbances. This symbolizes the immortality of the human soul: I. e. that the human spirit does not end in this world but continues on to the next. Taboos concerning the preparation process of the shroud as well as various other taboos are related to the belief that preparation for the shroud should be done in sincerity and secredness with a thoughtful consideration for the deceased. This can be perceived as an implication to sanctity for the dead.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.5995-5998
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• 2012

Background: Colorectal cancer is one of most common cancers in women and men and one of the major causes of death due to neoplasia. Colonoscopy is considered as the most accurate diagnostic procedure to detect colorectal cancer at the earlier stages. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of an education program using the Theory of Planned Behavior on promoting behavioral intention among first degree relatives of colorectal cancer patients. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental study conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational program to promote attitudinal factors associated with early detection of colorectal cancer in 99 first degree relatives of colorectal cancer patients aged more than 20 years in Yazd city, Iran. A researcher made questionnaire forwhich validity and reliability were confirmed by expert point of view and pilot testing was employed for data collection. Questionnaires were filled in before and after educational intervention. The registered data were transferred to SPSS 19 and analyzed by paired T-test, Man-Whitney and Wilcaxon. Results: Mean scores of knowledge, attitude, perceived behavioral control and intention regarding colorectal cancer increased after education significantly (P<0.05). Conclusions: Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior has positive influence on promoting intention behavior. It is therefore recommended to apply educational programs to promote behavioral intention.

• 한국철학논집
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• 제25호
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• pp.137-166
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• 2009

남명에 대한 기존의 연구는 남명학의 특징을 경의(敬義)사상의 실천유학에 초점을 맞추어 왔다. 그러나 엄밀한 의미에서 역사적 인물로서의 남명을, 그의 당대에서나 그의 사후 오늘에 이르기까지, 가장 남명답게 규정짓는 요소는 무엇인가? 경과 의로 정립된 그의 철학인가? 이 점에 있어 필자는 다소 다른 견해를 가지고 있다. 당대나 후세에 남명을 평가한 모든 글들에서는 한결같이 출처(出處)에 있어 처사(處士)로서의 지조를 끝까지 지킨 남명의 출처사상을 가장 높게 평가하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 본고는 그의 출처관을 그 자신의 인물평(人物評)을 통하여 살펴보고, 나아가 그러한 인물평의 저변에 깔려 있는 출처사상의 바탕을 찾아보고자 하였다. 그는 역사적 인물들과 당대의 인물들에 대한 비판적 검토를 통해서 그들의 출처를 논하였다. 남명은 그 출처가 합당한가 아닌가에 대한 기준으로서 기미를 파악하는 선견지명을 꼽았는데, 이때의 '기(幾)'는 바로 선과 악으로 나뉘는 분기점인 것이다. 기미의 순간에 인욕을 배제하고 천리를 잘 보존하게 된다면 바로 길인(吉人)이 되고, 인욕이 천리에 포함되게 되면 바로 악인(惡人)이 되는 것으로 파악한 것이다. 벼슬길에 나아감에 있어서도 일을 '할 수 없는 시기'에 나아가는 것이나, '할 수 없는 일'을 하려고 하는 것은 모두 인욕이 개입된 것으로 보았으니, 곧 그 출처가 잘못된 것이라는 관점이다.