• Title/Summary/Keyword: View of the Nation

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Study on 『BianZhengGiMun)』's medical characteristics - In view of ShangHan - (『변증기문(辨證奇聞)』의 의학적(醫學的) 특징(特徵)에 관(關)한 고찰(考察) -상한문(傷寒門)을 중심(中心)으로-)

  • Lee, Won-Suk;Park, Sun-Dong;Park, Won-Hwan;Kim, Jun-Ki;Kim, Jong-Dae
    • The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.33-85
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    • 1998
  • In order to find the characteristic medical methods of "BianZhengGiMun" by the author ChenShihTo, we have translated and analyzed the mentioned book. Upon analyses, the following facts were noted : 1) "BianZhengGiMun" is written and composed of case studies. Prescriptive methods described here differ rather from previously known methods, where as our nation's Oriental medicine practitioners refer and consider these methods as miraculous modern methodologies. 2) Book's content has much similarities to "ShangHanLun"'s original text. Moreover, the content is adjusted towards presenting methodologies not coverd in "ShangHanLun"'s text, together with adding more information to conserve "ShangHanLun"'s methods as well as to critique them. 3) Diagnostic methods mainly follow the ZangFuBianZheng(臟腑辨證)'s pattern, where it's recorded information and theories are valid. 4) "BianZhengGiMun"'s proscriptive methods usually follow BuYinShengJin(補陰生津)'s form, where they were appropriate for that period and circumstances. 5) In consideration of all of the above factors, ChenShihTo grasped ShangHan and WenBing(acute febrile disease due to exogenous factor) as WaiGanReBing(外感熱病)'s double sided characteristics, where this corresponds with the current belief. It is believed that this in turn would provide much practical value to the present time.

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Productivity and Patterns of Trade: The Experience of Korea in the 1990s (생산성과 무역패턴: 1990년대의 한국경제의 경험)

  • Tcha, MoonJoong
    • KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.249-280
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    • 2004
  • This paper analyzes the industrial growth of Korea in the 1990s and its relationship with the nation's export performance. The result shows that total factor productivity (TFP) played a significant role in the growth of some industries, where in particular a sharp increase in TFP was observed in the electrics and electronics industry and the automobile industry in the late 1990s. While CEPII RCA indexes for the Korean industries such as IT industry and automobile industry significantly increased since 1998, only limited evidence was found that TFP or TFI influenced RCA. Investigating Korea's export performance in the Northeast Asian context, this paper shows that, in the 1990s, the growth of Korea's exports to Japan was led by industries that recorded relatively fast growth in total factor input (TFI). In contrast, that to China was almost equally contributed by industries that experienced relatively fast growth in TFP or TFI. This paper also investigates competition between Korea and China, and Korea and Japan in the world market. The competition between Korea and China was relatively stronger for the Korean industries to whose growth TFI made a more significant contribution. While no decisive evidence is found for the relationship between TFP growth in Korean industries and their competition against Japan in the world market, it is revealed that the competition between Korea and Japan became less intense for the Korean industries to whose growth TFI made a stronger contribution. In this regard, the paper supports the view of 'nut-cracking' that the Korean economy has lost its competitiveness in the sectors where it maintained comparative advantage, but failed to catch up more advanced countries such as Japan by gaining competitiveness in more capital or technology intensive sectors.

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A Study on the Role and Implications of PFI Prisons in Japan (일본 PFI교도소에 있어서의 Private Security의 역할과 시사점)

  • An, Sung-Hun
    • Korean Security Journal
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    • no.34
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    • pp.185-207
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    • 2013
  • Nowadays, national criminal policy focuses on "specialization", "advancement", and "choice and concentration" to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of public peace services. Consequently, the space that a nation manages diminishes and there appears vacant space of security. For that reason, in most developed countries including South Korea, there has been a significant expansion in the size and role of Private Security(PS). From this point of view, the Japanese government has adopted the PFI(Private Finance Initiative) system in private prisons. These cases clearly show the role and significance of "PS". By applying know-how of the private sector, these PFI prisons make efficient use of installation by the united efforts of government and people. Criteria such as solution for risk baring, regional coexistence, preservation of public security, response management and operating skills are considered important particularly in Kitsuregawa and Harima prisons. Thus, this study examines the implications and applicability for the expansion of PS in South Korea.

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Consideration on a Historical Distortion of Japanese Cartoon : Focusing on works of the Rightists cartoonist Kobayashi Yoshinori and Yamano Syarin (일본만화의 역사왜곡에 대한 고찰)

  • Ko, Gyoung-Il
    • Cartoon and Animation Studies
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    • s.17
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    • pp.21-35
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    • 2009
  • Continuous provocation of Japanese government to a Dokdo issue and Agreement on Fisheries between the Republic of Korea and Japan evokes a rage and resistance to whole nation in South Korea. In view of mass culture, Japanese Rightists cartoonists, Kobayashi Yoshinori and Yamano Syarin show distorted history in their works. Therefore the consideration of the birth of the Japanese right-wing cartoon is needed in historical, social and cultural viewpoints. First, the actual condition and historical background of Japanese Rightist will be showed. Second, a new Japanese history textbook which was written by right-wing organizations and Yasukuni-jinja will be discussed objectively. Finally, the representative of Japanese right-wing cartoons, and by Kobayashi Yoshinori and Yamano Syarin about historical distortion will be analyzed carefully. In this dissertation, through the factual analysis of cartoons, in opposition to a prejudice and distortion about Korean history of Japanese Rightist, cartoonists' precise and academic posture is proposed.

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A Study on Current Status of Detection Technology and Establishment of National Detection Regime against Nuclear/Radiological Terrorism (핵테러/방사능테러 탐지 기술 현황 및 국내 탐지체계 구축 방안에 관한 연구)

  • Kwak, Sung-Woo;Jang, Sung-Soon;Lee, Joung-Hoon;Yoo, Ho-Sik
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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    • v.34 no.3
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    • pp.115-120
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    • 2009
  • Since 1990s, some events - detection of a dirty bomb in a Russian nation park in 1995, 9/11 terrorist attack to WTC in 2001, discovery of Al-Qaeda's experimentation to build a dirty bomb in 2003 etc - have showed that nuclear or radiological terrorism relating to radioactive materials (hereinafter "radioactive materials" is referred to as "nuclear material, nuclear spent fuel and radioactive source") is not incredible but serious and credible threat. Thus, to respond to the new threat, the international community has not only strengthened security and physical protection of radioactive materials but also established prevention of and response to illicit trafficking of radioactive materials. In this regard, our government has enacted or revised the national regulatory framework with a view to improving security of radioactive materials and joined the international convention or agreement to meet this international trend. For the purpose of prevention of nuclear/radiological terrorism, this paper reviews physical characteristics of nuclear material and existing detection instruments used for prevention of illicit trafficking. Finally, national detection regime against nuclear/radiological terrorism based on paths of the smuggled radioactive materials to terrorist's target building/area, national topography and road networks, and defence-in-depth concept is suggested in this paper. This study should contribute to protect people's health, safety and environment from nuclear/radiological terrorism.

A Study on Tradition Discourse in Korean Modern Drama between 1894 and 1910 (근대계몽기 한국연극사의 전통담론 연구 II)

  • Paek, Hyun-Mi
    • (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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    • no.18
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    • pp.347-377
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    • 2009
  • This paper examines the tradition discourses in Korean modern drama of the late 19th and the early 20th. It focuses particularly on how key intellectuals differentiated the definition and interpreted 'Theater-Improvement' while they insisted on improving traditional performance. Tradition discourse focused on how to improve its contents of performances. There were three categories in discussion. First, Confucian intelligent insisted that traditional performance should be discarded, because it led to customs disorder among the public. Second, patriotic and progressive intellectuals led by Sin Chae-Ho(신채호) and Bak Yen-Sik(박은식), preferred the reformed content of traditional Korean performance dealing with historical heroes. in order to stimulate patriotism in the Korean. Third, Lee In-Jik(이인직) who had worked at a popular newspaper company in Japan tried to make 'New Theater' criticizing decayed officials and the stupid nation. He did not concern about the colonialism of Japan. In the late 19th and the early 20th in Korean modern drama history, tradition discourses faced different directions, dependent on their political positions, familiar foreign cultures, and their view on traditional cultures.

A Study on the Transitional Aspects in Korean Gardens that Reflected of the Korean Folk Village 'Oeam-Ri' (외암리 민속마을에 나타난 한국정원의 전환기적 양상)

  • Lee, Won Ho
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.42 no.1
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    • pp.100-121
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    • 2009
  • This study is subjected to those gardens of the Korean Folk Village 'Oeam-Ri' designed in 1920s. - transitional period of traditional gardens - and define socio-cultural change's influences and through documents on garden design, descendant's testimony and measured drawings, to understand that period's garden culture's characteristics according to garden design elements. This study applied following analysis methods and procedures to derive out characteristics of transitional garden culture. Analysis on socio-cultural characteristics in 1920s. Analysis on actual condition of transitional garden's design. In this point Outline of the Garden, Space formation, Garden designing elements are (1) water landscape, (2) plant, (3) structures, (4) paving, to derive out characteristics of the transitional garden. The results follow as below; First, during the transitional period 1920s, the economical development, fueled by opening nation's door to foreign countries and indication of collapse of statue systems together with idea of practical science and Enlightenment Thought, was element of changes in garden style. Second, Garden Designers of transitional gardens in 'Oeam-Ri' were limited to upper class of the society. They were wealthy enough to maintain their high social statue in rapidly changing society. As results, tendency of returning to nature developed gardens located in a site of scenic beauty and development of geographical features arranging techniques, and also showed copying foreign styles. Third, arrangement of garden and space composition, in most cases, composed of buildings and yards. Changes in water landscape features and garden spaces are centered to main-yard. Major changes of the garden spaces are water landscapes and plants that showing foreign influences. Fifth, scenic appearance techniques appears with dense garden space and emphasizing visual scenic view. Sixth, the characteristics of transitional garden design techniques are development of geographical feature arranging techniques, changes and mixture of the materials and garden types, emphasizing garden's decorative beauty, change of concept of yard within house into garden, changes from 'borrowing of landscapes' to 'selecting landscapes', changes of front garden from emptiness to fullness, changes of attitudes of enjoying gardens from 'staying calm in the garden' to 'moving or walking in the garden', changes to inner-oriented view, and changes from 'just watching and enjoying the nature' to 'enjoying specific objects'. This study is one of the efforts to restore the identity of Korean Traditional Garden by approaching and observing modern era which function as bridge between tradition and present day, and we observed transitional aspects of changes of traditional garden into modern garden. Hereafter, more studies will be needed to Modern Garden Design be recognized as part of Korean Garden Design History and these would be author's next assignment.

A Study on Effects of Application of Nursing Process by Nursing Profess notes.(School of nursing) (간호기록지를 통해서 본 간호과정 적용효과에 관한 연구(간호전문대학을 중심으로))

  • 최상순;조희숙;백승남
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.55-68
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    • 1981
  • The prime object of the study is to evaluate how much all the students of the Nursing Schools throughout the nation are in comprehension toward the application of nursing process to clinical experience as means of systematic solution of nursing problems. An effort has been made to find out the actual state whether they are in practice of clinical experience in accordance with application of nursing process, over the period of four weeks managing from December 1st to 28th, 1980 and centering on 36 nursing schools, and meanwhile and evaluation, employing the assessment tool used by Bertuccietal, has been made on the nursing process notes recorded by 200 senions out of 21 nursing schools where application of nursing process to clinical experience being in practice. The assessment tool is composed of 5 different criteria in view of patient nursing and authors made an attempt to find out the result of clinical experience on application students in accordance with 5 different scoring criteria and further evaluating all the findings thereof. The findings were disposed of accordance with practice duration and criteria of the specific sudents subject to this finding as to verify the scoring difference in significance and of which the results are as follows: 1) as of now, in 21 (58.2%) out of 36 nursing Schools nursing process in being appliced in clinical experience. 2) Schools that started the application of nursing process to clinical experience amount to - for more than 4 yrs -6 (28.6%) - for 2 to 3 yrs-11s(52.4%) - for 1 yr -4 (19.0%) 3) As for the response upon application of nursing process. To clinical etperience, the largest voice (61.9%) heard was that it is rather difficult beyond the lecturing thereof, to practically apply it outs patients and the second voice (19.1%) turned out to be that it is hard to put in practice owing to uninformed nurses of the process serving in the clinical field. 4) The response. Of the processors assigned to instruction as to the most difficult problem in criteria of nursing process, the largest voice (38.2%) centered on the problem assessment while the second voice (17.7%) on the indirect nursing activity and the objective data respectively and considered to be the easiest was the indirect nursing activity (11.7%). 5) In order for a satisfactory. application of nursing process to clinical experience hence-forth, it has been pointed out that sufficient number of nurses should be supplemented in clinical field (44.1%) and at the same time supplementory education (35.3%) centered around professors be necessary. 6) Of the criteria that record result of nursing process, a significant difference in comprehension of subjective and objective data has been revealed according to the degree of the practice duration of application to clinical experience. For instance, while although poor it may seen, only 74.9% in subjective data and 71.1% in objective data represent the student group in practice for more than 4 years and only 56.3% in subjective data and 66.8% in objective data represent the student group in practice for 2 to 3 years but they still surpass in comprehension over the student group in practice for 1 year attaning only 19.6% in subjective data and 16.8% in objective data (P < 0.005). 7) As for problem assessment, the student group who started application of nursing process for 4 years stand for 37,7% the group for 2 to 3 years started for 25.3% and the group for 1 year started for 5.4%, revealing no significant difference according to duration (P < 0.5) and as poor as to indicate only 22.8% on an overage is in comprehension. 8) On direct and indirect nursing activity, the student group of for more than 4 years in appling nursing process (representing 49.5% in direct nursing activity, 21.4% in indirect nursing activity). Know more about it than the student group of for 2 to 3 years (representing 36.3% in direct nursing activity, 20.8% in indirect nursing activity) but revealed no significant difference. (P < 0.5) 9) The student group applying nursing process for more than 4 years subjective data (74.9%) comprehend were more than objective data (71.1%) but shown no significant difference (P < 0.5). 10) However, the student group applying nursing process for 2 to 3 years comprehend objective data (66.8%) well ever subjective data (55.5%) indicating that 40.9% in average is in comprehension, thereby revealing a significant difference (P < 0.005). 11) On the other hand, the student group applying nursing process to clinical experience for 1 year had revealed themselves as poorly as to comprehend only 11.7% are an average of it, revealing no significant difference (P < 0.5). In consequence of the fore going, I the conductor of the present study, hereby suggest the following points: 1) Application of nursing process to clinical experience be practiced in all the Nursing Schools all over the nation at the earliest possible date in order that scientific nursing be prevailed (as of now only 58.0%), 2) In teaching nursing process, it is desirable to teach specific method of applying to practical clinical situations. 3) In order to meet the end of satisfactory application of nursing process to clinical experience, sufgecient nursing man power be sysplemented in clinical field and at the save time supplementary education by professors is necessary. 4) Sinces the students whose application duration of nursing process to clinical experience is longer comprehend more about it, it is reguired that the schools not yet in practice of the application be promptlyurged to follow. 5) Of the criteria recording nursing process, since it is comparatively hard to comprehend“assessment”and“Direct and indirect nursing activity”, a concentrated instruction is desirable. 6) The students whose duration of application of nursing process to clinical experience falls short of 1 years be put in a concentrated guidance program on individual criterion.

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A Study of the History of Korean Public Library after the Korean Liberation Day - An Emphasis on the influence of public Libraries System under the Japanese Imperialism- (광복이후 한국 공공도서관사 연구 -일제하 공공도서관제도의 영향을 중심으로-)

  • Kim Po Ok
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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    • v.20
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    • pp.65-125
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    • 1991
  • The study has tried to analize and appraise how did public library system under the Japanese imperialism affect the establishment and managemant of Korean public libraries. To achieve the purpose of the above-mentioned study, the contents of $\ulcorner$Japanese library statute$\lrcorner$ under Japanese imperialism and the current $\ulcorner$Korean library law$\lrcorner$ have been mutually compared, at the same time, the vestiage of Japanese imperialism in view of the establishment, personnel administration and reading systems have been concretely investigated, analyzed and compared. The conclusions obtained from the above are as followings. 1. In those days of the Korean Liberation, the situation of Korean public libraries was such as it under the Japanese rule and so, their names were only changed. However, as a part of its independent activities, the national library have once carried out the various programs such as the training of professional librarians, the establishment of the new classification schedule and the chief Librarian and deputy Librarian from the professional librarians in the office regulations, and they were well worth being the good examples for today's Korean library circle. Though the Goverment of the Republic of Korea had been formally established, the situation of the library circle was very dull owing to the Korean war for a long time. In 1963, $\ulcorner$The Korean library law$\lrcorner$ was promulgated, but the establishment of public libraries did not give satisfactory results because of the institutional fragility. In the 1980's the importance of library was embossed from the viewpoint of life-long education and the number of libraries was increased. However, there were still the remaining vestiges of Japanese library system in the practical library services. 2. After the Korean Liberation, the influnces of public library system under the Japanese imperialism showed in the office regulation of national library and the Korea library Law were also in the legal mechanism. In particular, the regulations of $\ulcorner$The staff-member of public library$\lrcorner$ and $\ulcorner$Admission fee of public library$\lrcorner$ including the chief librarian have referred to the library system under the Japanese imperialism since the liberation day to date. 3. At that time of the Korean Liberation, the U.S.Military Government Office had decided that the public library administration should be attached to the administration of local and internal affairs in accordance with the Japanese administative system. As a result, the public libraries had been forced to be indirectly affected by public library system under the Japanese imperialism for twenty years since the Liberation. 4. Since the Liberation, the personnel adminstration of public library has been so far on the steps of model under the Japanese imperialism. As the result of the field survey, the position standards of local chief librarians, non-professional character, the extra post system and the preponderant appointment of non-professional offices have analyzed by the influence of Public library system under the Japanese imperialism. Therefore, the Government authorities-concerned must readjust the standards of qualification and the divided duties corresponding to the position of public library staff members and to stipulate expressly in the revised library law. In addition, the regulation of the admission fee should be also actively detected for the free adminssion of library users. 5. Since the Liberation Day, the reading methods of public library have been so far similar to reading method under the Japaness imperialism. For example, the admission fee levied, the complicated procedures of using books including entrance and exit of a library, no-admission system, the limited lending books, the deposit system of outdoor lending books and the surety liable jointly and severally are originally caused by bureaucracy of under the Japanese imperialism. Therefore, the public libraries should make an offer space and opportunities which can enjoy freedom to the gull in future. The procedures and standards of library users will be simplified, if possible. As the above-mentioned, the actual conditions of Korean public libraries have been examined and analyzed. As the result of it, there are still the remaining vestiges of public library system under the Japanese imperialism in the establishment and management of the nation-wide public libraries. Such the remnants are an obstacle to the democratic development of public libraries and so, the authorities-concerned should take the proper-measures as soon as possible.

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A Study on the Blood-Letting Therapy in Elementary Questions (("황제내경소문(黃帝內經素問)" 중(中) 사혈(瀉血)에 관한 연구(硏究))

  • Lee, Jun-Geun
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.19-42
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    • 2008
  • Blood-Letting Therapy is a rational and ecological medical treatment by which we can heal most of the diseases by removing the static blood which precipitates in the blood vessel and blocks the flowing of blood. And the static blood is the generic term for the injurious, bad, dead and precipitated blood which is blocked the capillary vessel. The Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine says that "the patient is treated with drugs internally and stone acupuncture externally. "In the old texts, the blood-letting therapy is mentioned as blood-letting, network vessel pricking, bloodletting, pricking, and arousing pulses etc and it is noted down as the method of network vessel pricking in 'On the Application of Needles' of Spiritual Pivot. Nine-pricking therapy, twelve-pricking therapy and five-pricking therapy are recorded in the methods of network vessel pricking and among them, the method of squeezing blood after pricking the affected part is explained as the network vessel pricking. There are four methods of network vessel pricking, pricking, picking, cluster needling and scatter-pricking and they are fluidly applied to the various symptoms of diseases. In 'On Discriminative Treating for Patients of Different Regions' in Elementary Questions, Ki-baek emphasizes "most of the local people, there are black in skin and loose in striate, and their diseases are mostly of carbuncle kind. It is suitable to treat the disease with stone therapy to prick with stone, so the stone therapy is transmitted from the east. "And in 'On the Corresponding Relation Between the Eum and Yang of Man and All Things' in Elementary Questions, when the Emperor asked Ki-Back, he answered "sthenia means the sthenia of evil, and deficiency means the deficiency of healthy energy. When the blood is sthenic, the evil should be discharged by pricking when out letting the blood; deficiency of vital energy is the asthenia of channels and network vessels, so the energy should drain from the channel which is not deficient, to replenish. "And in this case we can use the methods of 'Breaking out the static bloods', 'driving out the static bloods', blood-letting'. With this we can infer that the blood-letting therapy is made use of the important medical treatments from the ancient times. Especially in referring to the principles of treatment in The Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine, it mostly alluded to acupuncture therapies and only eleven times to medicinal treatments. This is to verify that the blood-letting therapy formed the foundation of the medical art. In Dong's Therapy of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Bloodletting, Dong Kyeong-Chang gave emphasis on the points that there must be extravasated bloods without exception in the serious illnesses which is old, unnatural, accompanying acute pains and so we can revive our body‘s sprit by circulating 'gi' and static blood piled up in the network vessel, regulating the weakness and strength, and controling the disharmony of the internal organs. The blood-letting therapy has effect on the orifice in emergency, such as fore draining, freeing network vessels, harmonizing gi and blood, relieving pain, dispersing swelling and concretion, sedation, resolving toxin as well as strengthening the heart, relieving itching. So it has distinguished effect on all kinds of medical treatment to the modern people. But by the change of social customs and the confucianism of confucius - it is widely spread on the period of North and South Dynasties, 'Wi' and 'Jin' in china and the period of the Three States in korea - The blood-letting therapy which was regarded as the most important medicinal treatment withered rapidly. And Confucius accentuated the importance of our body and all its members, loyalty and filial piety and banned any damage of our body under no circumstances. As a result of it, the therapy of blood-letting had a rapid decrease and barely kept itself in existence in both countries. What is worse, at the period of Japanese colonial rule of korea and our nation's founding of early stage, it has been withered by the high-handed policy to change Oriental Medicine into modern medical science. So the therapy of blood-letting barely kept itself in existence in some Buddhist temples. Another case, it has handed down as a old-fashioned quick fix in folk remedies. But all kinds of the contamination of heavy metals and the misuses of antibiotics are widely spread nowadays, which increased diseases of adult people and incurable diseases as modern society unavoidably made its way into a highly industrial society. To make us more miserable, the western medical science - the antibiotics and surgical operation medical science - already reveals itself into a limit. The necessity of a new medical science which can give a security to the patients who are suffering from the diseases of adult people and the incurable diseases is especially come into the force nowadays. In view of the results after bibliographically studying on the blood-letting Therapy in Elementary Questions of the Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine, the blood-letting therapy has acted for the important Oriental medicinal science and has been clarified the prominent effects on the diseases of adult people and the incurable diseases. So it is regarded as an appropriate thing that we lay out a determined theory of the blood-letting therapy and of course prevent the unwanted side effects from inappropriate medicinal treatments, and make full use of clinic by elevating the curative value and that we win back our self-respect of medical treatment which is dominated from the western medical science and ultimately contribute to national medical welfare.

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