• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.590-593
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• 2011

Purpose: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are the third most frequently reported nosocomial infection. Of these SSIs, mostly were confined to the incision associated with underlying disease as diabetes, cigarette smoking, systemic steroid use, obesity, operating room environment, suture and surgical technique. This study has been planned to reduce the SSIs by using Vicryl $plus^{(R)}$ (Ethicon, USA) which contains triclosan, a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent, into the infected wound to evaluate whether or not Vicryl $plus^{(R)}$ (Ethicon, USA) is effective to nosocomial bacteria using a zone of inhibition assay. Methods: We did a comparison of Vicryl $plus^{(R)}$ suture (with triclosan) size 2-0, 5-0 with $Vicryl^{(R)}$ suture (without triclosan) size 4-0 each as treatment and control group, applied in Mueller-Hinton agar infected by following mircroorganisms: Methicillin-sensitive $Staphylococcus$ $aureus$ (MSSA), Methicillin-resistant $Staphylococcus$ $aureus$ (MRSA), Acinetobacter baumanii, $Escherichia$ $coli$, Enterobacter faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans. Cultures were made of the selected mircroorganisms, seeding the study strain in agar plates for 24 and 48-hour period in an oven at $37^{\circ}C$ followed by zone of inhibition assay. Results: Vicryl $plus^{(R)}$ group has demonstrated to create a zone of inhibition against MRSA, MSSA and $A.$ $baumanii$, but no effect on $E.$ $faecalis$, $P.$ $aeruginosa$, $C.$ $albicans$. Vicryl $plus^{(R)}$ suture size 2-0 also had antibactericidal effect while Vicryl $plus^{(R)}$ suture size 5-0 did not. $Vicryl^{(R)}$ group had no zones of inhibition showing colonization at all mircroorganisms. Conclusion: Our results seem to warrant the use of Vicryl $plus^{(R)}$ as absorbable buried suture when concerning SSIs as a prophylaxis against surgical nosocomial infection.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2001

Sutures support wound healing during the initial phase. As the tensile strength of a wound increases, the need for the presence of sutures becomes less important. For this reason, absorbable suture materials have been sought. Nowadays, commonly used suture materials are Chromic Catgut, Coated Vicryl, and PDS. Among these materials, Coated Vicryl is the most popular. Studies were conducted to compare the handling properties, reliability of knots, wound healing, and tissue reactivity(Inflammation, Fibroblast proliferation, Collagen deposition, Giant cell reaction, Absorption) between AILEE vicryl and ETHICON vicryl. We used twelve purebred New Zealand white rabbits, and biopsied the tissue at three, seven, fourteen, and thirty days post implantation. The results showed that both were supple and easy to handle and tie, and gross and histologic differences were not apparent.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.34 no.10 s.329
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• pp.742-751
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• 1996

본 연구의 목적은 관통된 뼈의 결손부위를 각기 다른 membrane(Gore-tex, Vicryl, Guidor)을 사용하여 보다 나은 골 재생을 얻을 수 있는 가를 평가하는 데 있다. 여섯 마리 흰 족제비의 12개 하악 소구치를 근관치료한 후, 치근단 절제술을 실시하여 $3mm\times5mm$ 크기의 관통된 뼈의 결손을 소구치의 근첨부에 형성하였다. 전부 12개의 결손부위가 형성되었고, 이를 3개의 군으로 나누었다. 대조군으로 결손부위를 membrane barrier없이 점막골막피판으로 덮었다. 다른 각 군은 결손부위를 각 Gore-Tex, Vicryl, Guidor membrane을 사용하여 설측과 협측 모두 덮었다. 각 군을 치유기간 6주와 12주로 두 아군으로 분리하였다. 방사선학적 소견으로 6주군에서 대조군은 $65\%$, Gore-Tex군은 $90\%$, Vicryl군은 $95\%$, Guidor군은 $65\%$의 결손부위의 치유를 보였다. 12주 군에서 대조군은 $80\%$, Gore-Tex군은 $95\%$, Vicryl군은 $95\%$, Guidor군은 $90\%$의 치유를 보였다. 조직학적 소견으로 대조군에서는 완전한 골 재생이 일어나지 않았으며, 결손부위로 결합조직이 자라들어온 것이 관찰되었다. Gore-Tex 6 주군에서는 대부분 fibrillar bone이 관찰되었고, 12 주군에서는 부분적으로 lamellar bone이 형성되었다. Vicryl군에서는 거의 완전한 골의 재생이 관찰되었다. 6주군에서는 재생된 뼈는 fibrillar bone이고 부분적으로 lamellar bone을 관찰되었고, 12주 군에서는 주로 lamellar bone으로 구성되었다. Guidor군에서는 제한적인 골 재생과 함께 심한 염증이 관찰되었다. 본 연구의 결과에서 조직재생유도술은 일반적으로 골 재생을 증진시킴을 볼 수 있었고, Vicryl membrane이 가장 뛰어난 골 재생유도 가능성을 보였다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.381-390
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to select the absorbable suture material with the lowest level of foreign body reaction in the extraoral field. The absorbable sutures tested were polyglactin 910(Vicryl), polyglycolic acid(Dexon), and chromic gut. Black silk served as to control suture. Eighteen domestic rabbits served as the animal model for testing purposes. After shaving the fur, A six centimeter incision was made in the hind quarter of all eighteen animals. Each wound was then closed wit two Vicryl, two Dexon, and two chromic gut sutures. All wounds were closed in the same manner. A similar wound was made on the oppsite side and closed with black silk suture. Three rabbits were then sacrificed on postoperative day one, three, seven fourteen, twenty-one, and twenty-eight. The surgical sites were then examined histologically. 1. On days one, three, and seven all suture materials as a similar severe level of inflammatory response. On the fourteenth day the inflammatory reaction of Vicryl was minimal, chromic gut was moderate, and Dexon was severe, Black silk control groups demosnstrated the most severe levels of inflammation of all sutures tested from day fourteen to twenty-eight. 2. On the fourteenth day all absorbable suture materials demonstrated similar minimal levels of resorption. At twenty-eight days Vicryl demonstrated a greater amount of resorption than Dexon or cromic gut suture. There was no resorption noted in the black silk control groups through day twenty-eight. 3. Due to its decreased level of inflammatory response in the animal model, Vicryl might be expected to as a decreased level of response in humans. It is felt that Vicryl is preferred to Dexon or chromic gut for extraoral suturing.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.967-987
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• 1996

The present study was to evaluate the healing patterns of guided tissue regeneration( GTR) using resorbable $Vicryl^{(R)}$(polyglactin 910) mesh and nonresorbable expanded polytetrafluoroethylene(ePTFE) membrane with or without bone grafting using autogeneous bone and demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft(DFDBA) in the grade II furcation defects. Mucoperiosteal flaps were reflected buccally in the mandibular 2nd, 3rd and 4th premolar areas and furcation defects were created surgically by removing $5{\times}6mm$ alveolar bone in 4 dogs. Root surfaces were thoroughly debrided of periodontal ligament and cementum, and notches were placed on root surface at the most apical bone level. In the right and left mandibular quadrant, each tooth was received $Vicryl^{(R)}$ mesh(ACE Surgical Supply Co., USA) only, $Vicryl^{(R)}$ mesh with DFDBA, $Vicryl^{(R)}$ mesh with autogeneous bone grafts, ePTFE membrane($Core-tex^{(R)}$ membrane, W.L. Gore & Associates Inc., USA) only, ePTFE membrane with DFDBA or ePTFE membrane with autogeneous bone grafts. For the fluorescent microscopic examination, fluorescent agents were injected at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. Four weeks after surgery, 2 dogs were sacrificed and ePTFE membranes were removed from remaining 2 dogs, which were sacrificed at 12 weeks after surgery. Undecalcified tissues were embedded in methylmethacrylate and $10{\mu}m$ thick sections were cut in a buccolingual direction. These sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin stain and Masson's trichrome stain, and evaluated by descriptive histology and linear measurements. The results were as follows : 1) $Vicryl^{(R)}$ mesh group showed less connective tissue attachment than ePTFE membrane group. 2) The combination of GTR using $Vicryl^{(R)}$ mesh and osseous grafts resulted in new attachment and new bone formation more than GTR using $Vicryl^{(R)}$ mesh only. 3) GTR using ePTFE membrane, with or without osseous grafts, enhanced periodontal regeneration. 4) Root resorption and dentoalveolar ankylosis were observed in the areas treated with the combination of GTR and DFDBA. It was suggested that the effect of adjunctive bone grafting in GTR procedure depends on the materials and the physical properties of barrier membranes. $Vicryl^{(R)}$ mesh performed a barrier function and the use of adjunctive bone grafting may enhance the periodontal regeneration.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.184-194
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• 1996

A comparative study of three absorbable suture materials of chromic catgut, Dexon II (a polyglycolic acid suture with a polycaprolate coating system) and Coated Vicryl (a polyglactin 910 suture with a glycolide-lactide-calcium stearate coating system) was undertaken in terms of tensile strength, breaking elongation, appearances of the suture materials in the subcutaneous layer of rats and of tissue reaction in the intramuscular layer of rats. The initial tensile strength of chromic catgut and the tensile strength after 21 days were about 1.55 kg and 0.19 kg, respectively. Those of Dexon II were about 2.01 kg and 0. 20 kg, respectively. Those of Coated Vicryl were about 2.39 kg and 0.48 kg, respectively. Coated Vicryl showed the highest tensile strength among the three materials during the whole period. On the other hand, Dexon II showed the highest breaking elongation among the three materials during the first week. But the breaking elongation of Dexon II rapidly continuously decreased during the whole period. The appearances of the suture materials in the subcutaneous layer of rats showed that chromic catgut was the fastest among the three materials, whereas it formed comparatively much connective tissue. The intramuscular absorption rate and tissue reaction of Dexon II were similar to those of Coated Vicryl. The intramuscular absorption rate of these was fairly late when compared with chromic catgut. And the tissue reaction appearance of these showed the formation of a granuloma with foreign body giant cells, macrothages and epitheloid cells by the 28th day in the experimental period.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.159-166
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• 2018

Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare wound healing complications following the use of either absorbable or non-absorbable sutures for skin closure in cleft lip repair. Materials and Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial conducted at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria. Sixty subjects who required either primary or secondary cleft lip repair and satisfied all the inclusion criteria were recruited and randomized into two groups (Vicryl group or Nylon group). The surgical wounds in all subjects were examined on 3rd, 7th, and 14th postoperative days (POD) for presence or absence of tissue reactivity, wound dehiscence, and local wound infection. Results: Hemorrhage, tissue reactivity, wound dehiscence, and local wound infection were identified as wound healing complications following cleft lip repair. The incidence of postoperative wound healing complications on POD3 was 33.3%. Tissue reactivity was more common throughout the evaluation period with the use of an absorbable (Vicryl) suture compared to a non-absorbable (Nylon) suture, although the difference was statistically significant only on POD7 (P=0.002). There were no significant differences in the incidences of wound dehiscence and infection between the two groups throughout the observation period. Conclusion: There were no statistically significant differences in the incidences of wound dehiscence and surgical site wound infection following the use of either Vicryl or Nylon for skin closure during cleft lip repair. However, more cases of tissue reactivity were recorded in the Vicryl group than in the Nylon group on POD7. Particular attention must be paid to detect the occurrence of wound healing complications, most especially tissue reactivity, whenever a Vicryl suture is used for skin closure in cleft lip repair.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.22-32
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• 2000

Purpose : Histopathologic observation was performed in order to determine which type of suture material is superior in microvascular anastomoses. Materials & Methods : The interrupted end to end anastomosis of the transected carotid arteries of 105 Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 180 to 200g, were performed using 9-0 polypropylene ($Prolene^{TM}$, Ethicon, U.K.), 9-0 polyglactin 910 monofilament($Vicryl^{TM}$, Ethicon, U.K.), and 9-0 polyamide($Ethilon^{TM}$, Ethicon, U.K.) under intramuscular Ketamine and Xylazine anesthesia(5mg/100g). In all cases, 10 to 12 sutures were placed to complete the anastomoses. The specimens were obtained at 1, 2, 3 days, and 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks after the surgery and prepared with H&E and Van-Gieson stains and investigated the histologic changes in anastomotic sites under light microscope. The histologic changes we were concerned about were followings- thrombus formation, intimal edema, infiltration of inflammatory cells in media and adventitia, proliferation of endothelial cells and subintimal hyperplasia. Results : 1. All of the anastomosed arteries were patent when they were exposed for examination. 2. Thrombus formation and intimal edema were most severe in Vicryl group, followed by Ethilon, Prolene group in order. 3. The inflammatory cells infiltrated to the media and the adventitia most severely in Ethilon group, followed by Vicryl, Prolene group in order. 4. There was little difference in proliferation of endothelial cells in each group. 5. Subintimal hyperplasia was greater in Vicryl group than the others, but there was no significant difference between the Prolene and Ethilon groups. Conclusions : On the basis of these observations, we could conclude that Prolene may be the better suture material for microvascular anastomoses regarding the tissue responses than Ethilon and Vicryl.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.200.2-200.2
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• 1992

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.469-484
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to evaluate new bone formation following guided bone regeneration by resorbable and nonresorbable membrane. Six adult mongrel dogs were used. The first, second, third, fourth premolars in the mandible of each dog were extracted. Two months after tooth extraction, a buccal dehiscence defect was surgically created on each edentulous area. The experimental sites were divided into three groups according to the treatment modalities ; Group I-a: surgical treatment only ; Group I -b: allogenic decalcified freezed dried bone grafting ; Group II-a : e- PTFE membrane placement only ; Group II-b : allogenic decalcified freezed dried bone grafting and e-PTFE membrane placement ; Group III-a : Vicryl(R) mesh placement only ; Group III-b : allogenic decalcified freezed dried bone grafting and Vicryl(R) mesh placement . The animals were sacrificed at 8 weeks after operation and the specimens were prepared for histologic and histometric examination. The results were as follows : Clinically, all defect sites were healed without exposure of barrier membrane after the eight weeks. In Group I-a, dense connective tissues were impinged in the bony defect area. Well vascularized and fibrous bone marrow indicated that bone formation was still taking place was found. In Group I-b, in areas closer to the periphery, lamellation of the newly formed bone would found. In Group II-a, beneath the e-PTFE membrane a dense layer of connective tissue covering the most external portions of the regenerated tissue was seen. The new bone surfaces were lined with osteoid and osteoblast. In Group II-b, a dense layer of connective tissue covering the most external portions of the regenerated tissue was observed beneath the e-PTFE membrane. A notable amount of alveolar ridge regeneration was seen with new rigdes with well-contoured form. In Group III-a, the new bone surface were lined with osteoid and osteoblast, indicating active bone formation. A clear demarcation could not be noted between the host bone and new bone. In Group III-b, a notable amount of alveolar ridge regeneration was seen with new ridges assuming wellcontoured form. In areas closer to the periphery, lamellation of the newly formed bone would found. As histometric examination, the amount of bone formation was gained from $12.8mm^2$ to $26.3mm^2$. It was significantly greater in group II-b and group III-b compared to other groups(p<0.05) . These results suggest that Vicryl(R) mesh after DFDB grafting used in guided bone regeneration could create and sustain sufficient space for new bone formation.