• 대한소아치과학회지
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.217-225
• /
• 2002

시술시간을 줄이는데 유리한 재료인 유동성 복합레진을 유구치부에 사용하려고 고려할 때 중요한 물성 중 하나는 마모저항성이다. 이 연구의 목적은 유동성 복합레진의 마모저항성을 일반복합레진의 마모저항성과 비교하는 것이다. 실험에 사용된 유동성 복합레진으로 1군에서는 Arabesk flow (VOCO, Germany) 2군에서는 Tetric flow (Vivadent, Liechtenstein) 3군에서는 Aeliteflow (Bisco, U.S.A.), 4군에서는 Filtek flow (3M Dental Co, U.S.A)을 사용하였으며 대조군으로 사용한 5군의 복합레진은 Z100 (3M Dental Co, U.S.A)이었다. 시편들(n=10)은 두께 2mm, 지름 5mm의 원통모양으로 제작하여 마모시험 전 $37^{\circ}C$의 증류수에서 7일 동안 담가 놓았다. 제1소구치와 레진시편을 MTS 시스템에서 2Hz로 50,000회 접촉, 마모시켰다. 마모시험시 lateral excursion은 0.4mm, 교합력은 2-100N의 조건이었다. 마모시험후 마모된 부피, 최대마모깊이, 재료자체의 표면경도를 측정하였고 마모 되지 않은 표면과 마모가 일어난 표면을 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하였으며 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 마모된 부피는 3군에서 가장 적었고 4군에서 가장 많았으며 3군<1군<2군<5군<4군의 순서로 증가하였다. 2. 3군, 1군, 2군은 5군이나 4군에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 마모부피가 적었다(p<0.05). 그러나, 3군, 1군, 2군 사이에서와 5군, 4군 사이에서는 각각 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 3. 최대마모깊이는 1군에서 가장 낮았고, 4군에서 가장 깊었으며 1군<3군<5군<2군<4군의 순서로 증가 하였다. 4. 5군의 표면경도는 다른 유동성 복합레진군에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 높았으나(p<0.05), 마모부피나 최대마모깊이와는 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 5. 마모되지 않은 표면과 마모가 일어난 표면을 주사전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과, 유동성 복합레진군과 5군 사이에 마모양상이 다르게 나타나는 것을 볼 수 있었다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.38-45
• /
• 2009

본 연구는 상품화된 10% CPP-ACP 크림 (Tooth mousse, GC Co., Japan)이 0.05 % NaF 불소 용액 매일 양치법을 대체할 수 있는지 알아보기 위하여, 인공 탈회 병소를 가진 우치 법랑질에 대해 10일간 위 두 가지 방법 단독 혹은 복합 사용의 재광화 효과를 비교하였다. 0.1% thymol 용액에 냉장 보관한 소의 치아를 교정용 레진 (Orthodotic resin, Dentsply international Inc., USA)에매몰한 후 탈회 용액에 96시간 보관하였고, 총 60개의 시편을 5개의 군으로 나누었다; 비처치군 (1군), 0.05% NaF 용액 1분 (2군), Tooth mousse 3분 (3군), 0.05% NaF 용액 1분 처리 후 Tooth mousse 3분 (4군), Tooth mousse 3분 처리 후 0.05% NaF 용액 1분(5군). 재광화 정도는 10일간의 시편 처리 전 후의 Vickers hardness number를 측정하여 비교하였으며, 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 각 군에서 시편 처리 전후의 표면경도를 paired t-test를 이용하여 비교분석한 결과, 3, 4, 5 군에서만 유의할만한 표면 경도 증가가 나타났다(P < 0.05). 2. 각 군별로 평균 표면 경도 증가량은 5 > 4 > 3 > 2 > 1 군 순이었고, 각 군의 표면경도 증가량을 one-way ANOVA test로 비교분석한 후 Duncan test로 사후 검정한 결과, 4, 5 군은 1, 2, 3 군과 유의할만한 표면경도 증가를 보였으며 (P < 0.05), 다른 군들 간에는 유의할만한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 3. Tooth mousse를 우치에 10일간 적용시킨 결과 0.05% NaF 용액보다 더 많은 표면경도 변화량을 나타냈지만, 통계학적으로 유의할만한 차이는 없었다. 이상의 결과에서 Tooth mousse 사용은 불소 양치가 용이하지 않은 환자들에게 양호한 대체 방안이 될 것으로 사료되며, 또한 불소 적용시 Tooth mousse를 복합 사용하는 것이 추천될 수 있으리라 사료된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제17권11호
• /
• pp.42-50
• /
• 2016

오버레이 용접은 희석율에 의해 적층 두께에 따라 화학성분 함량과 용접부의 경도에 영향을 미치며 이는 파이프 제품의 표면성질을 결정한다. 이로 인해 오버레이 용접은 적층의 수를 고려하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 탄소강 모재에 내부식성 소재인 모넬 소재를 오버레이 용접하여 적층수에 따른 Fe함량, 모재와 모넬 소재와의 용접성, 부위별 경도와 표면 평탄도를 실험적으로 연구하였다. 각각의 평가는 평판의 모재와 파이프 모재에 3개의 층으로 오버레이 용접 후 실시하였다. Fe함량은 각 층별 시료를 채취하여 성분 분석을 통해 평가하였으며, 3Layer에서 만족하는 함량을 나타내었다. 또한 적층별 시편을 밴딩 시험하여 용접성을 평가하였다. 적층별 경도와 비드 평탄도는 Micro Vickers와 3차원 측정을 통해 평가하였다. 경도는 1Layer에서 발생하는 HAZ부에 의해 가장 높은 경도 값을 보였으며, 적층이 증가할수록 경도가 감소하였다. 비드 평탄도의 경우 적층수 증가에 따라 편차가 급격한 차이가 발생하였으며, 이는 경도와 함께 사용 목적의 측면에서 주의 깊게 고려해야 한다. 이러한 실험적 결과는 목적에 따른 용접 파이프 적층수의 결정 방법을 나타내었다.

• 치과방사선
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.133-145
• /
• 1996

Aspirating or swallowing foreign bodies is a common occurrence. If they are wholly or partly radiopaque, their localization in and progress through the gastrointestinal tract can be more effective. Of the dental origin foreign materials swallowed, the most common things are fragments of anterior maxillary partial denture. But the radiopacity of denture base resins is not sufficient to determine the location of the objects. The purpose of this study was to develop a radiopaque dental acrylic resin, which has clinically detectible radiopacity with minimal change of mechanical properties and color. The radiopacity, color change(CIE 6..E) and microhardness of acrylic resins were determined after mixing barium sulfate or iodide compound. Thermocycling course was conducted to determine the change of characteristic of resins after using for a long time in the mouth. Five or ten percent of barium sulfate to total weight of cured material was mixed with heat curing dental acrylic resin or chemically curing orthodontic resin. In the case of iodide compound, the mixing ratio was two or three percent. After mixing the high radiopaque materials, resin was cured to 20×20×2 mm plate, polished with #600 sand paper and finally polished with Microcloth(Buehler). The specimens were thermocycled in 5 and 55 t distilled water for 2,000 times, and the measurement of radiopacity, color and Vickers hardness was repeated every 500 times thcrmocycling. The radiopacity of specimens on the X -ray films was measured with densitometer(X-rite). The color change was detennined with differential colorimeter(Model TC-6FX, Tokyo Denshoku), and the Vickers hardness number was measured with microhardness tester(Mitsuzawa). The following results were obtained : 1. All the three variables, the kinds of acrylic resins, the mixing or the kinds of high radiopaque materials and thermocycling, had combined effect on the radiopacity of the dental acrylic resins(p<0.0l). 2. The two variables, the mixing or the kinds of high radiopaque materials and thermocycling, influenced on the radiopacity of the dental acrylic resins(p<0.01). But the kinds of acrylic resins did not influence on the color change of mixed dental acrylic resins(p>0.05). 3. Each of the three variables, the kinds of acrylic resins, the mixing or the kinds of high radiopaque materials and thermocycling, influenced on the radiopacity of dental acrylic resins(p<0.0l). 4. The high radiopaque materials used in this study did not yield clinically usable radiopacity, and the color change was great after mixing those materials.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.89-96
• /
• 1982

The purpose of this study is to identify the phases of four different types, low-copper lathe cut (Type II, class 1) and spherical (Type II, class 2) amalgam alloys which are made by Caulk company and high copper Dispersalloy (Type II, class 3) made by Johnson & Johnson and Tytin (Type I, class 2) made by S.S. White and to determine the Vickers hardness number on the individual phase and four different types of dental amalgam. After each amalgam alloy and Hg measured exactly by the balance was triturated by the mechanical amalgamator (De Trey), the triturated mass was inserted into the cylindrical metal mold which was 4 mm in diameter and 12mm in height and was pressed by the Instron Universal Testing machine (Model 1125) at the speed of 1mm/minute with 143$kg/cm^2$ according to the A.D.A. Specification No. 1. The Specimen removed from the mold, mounted and stored in the room temperature for 7 days. The speciman was polished with the emery paper from #220 to #1200 and finally on the polishing cloth with 0.3 and 0.05 um $Al_2O_3$ powder suspended in water. And then each specimen was etched by Allan's method and washed with Sodium Bisulfinite for 30 seconds. Finally differentiation and metallography on each phase were obtained by using metallographical microscope (Versamet, Union) and microhardness was obtained by using microhardness tester (MVH-2, Torsee). The results were as follows: 1. In the low-copper amalgam, the ${\gamma}$, ${\gamma}_1$ and ${\gamma}_2$ phase were observed and in the high-copper amalgam, the ${\gamma}$, ${\gamma}_1$. ${\epsilon}$ and ${\eta}$ phases were observed but ${\gamma}_2$ phase was not observed. 2. Among the microhardness of each amalgam phase measured under pressing a vickers diamond indenter with 2.0gm load for 30 seconds, e phase has the highest V.H.N (314 ${\pm}$ 20), and in low-copper amalgam 12 phase has the lowest V.H.N. (29${\pm}$1) and ${\eta}$ phase which was observed in high-copper amalgam has 230${\pm}$13 V.H.N and this phase is considerd to contribute to strengthen the handness in amalgam. 3. The V.H.N. measured under pressing a Vickers diamond indenter with 300.0gm load for 30 seconds in low-copper amalgam was lower than that of high-copper amalgam.

• 소성∙가공
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.283-289
• /
• 2010

Extrusion process in the bulk material for fabrication of miniature helical gears has problems such as a high forming load and short tool life because the cross-section is complex and asymmetry. To overcome these problems, in this study, miniature helical gears were fabricated by Zn-22Al powder hot extrusion. The included die angle for minimum extrusion load and improving die filling was determined by FE-simulation. The Zn-22Al spheroidal powder produced by gasatomization were compacted and sintered for extrusion experiment. The dimension of helical-gear is 0.3mm in module, 3.35mm in pitch diameter, $15^{\circ}$ in helix angle and the number of teeth is 12. All of the extrusion experiments were performed with internal helical gear die which was machined by precision electric discharge machining using the electrode. The experiment was conducted at $190^{\circ}C$ to $310^{\circ}C$ to obtain extrusive and mechanical properties. The extruded helical gears were analyzed through extrusion load, Vickers hardness and SEM images for each extrusion temperature. The powder hot extrusion process was successfully applied to fabricate a miniature helical gear.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.114-119
• /
• 2010

There are a number of studies on chemically strengthened glass. Most of them are strengthened in molten salt bath below transformation range of glass. This research is distinguished from the aforementioned studies in that single $KNO_3$ powder was used by employing screen printing technique. In this study soda-lime-silicate(SLS) glasses for bulletproof glass application with various thicknesses were used. The maximum value of the bending strength is 791MPa heat treated at $480^{\circ}C$, which is about 4.3 times higher than the parent glass, which is the highest strength of all soda-lime glasses. In this study, it is also observed that Vickers hardness increased to $657H_v$, which is about 15% higher than the parent glass($568.7H_v$) and fracture toughness was not changed. Depth profiles measured by electron probe micro analyzer(EPMA) showed a correlation between the migrations of $K^+$ ions with bending strength of ion exchanged glasses.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.71-79
• /
• 2002

It was attempted to evaluate the degree of degradation of thermally aged 2.25-1Mo steek by ultrasonic monlinear parameter(UNP) measurement and X-ray diffraction analysis of extracted carbide. Artificial aging was performed to simulate the microstructural degradation in 2.25Cr-1Mo steel arising from long time exposure at $540{\circ}C$. Microstructural analysis (number of carbides per unit area) and measurements of mechanical properties(Vickers hardness, DBTT) and degradation evaluation parameters(UNP and intensity ration of X-ray diffraction peak of electrolytically extracted carbide) were performed. Both of UNP and intensity ratio of X-ray diffraction peak for M6C carbide to that of M23C6 carbide(IR) increased abruptly in the initial 1000 hour of aging and then changed little. UNP and IR were proposed as potential parameters to evaluate the degree of aging degradation of 2.25Cr-1Mo steel.

• 치위생과학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.20-29
• /
• 2022

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of liquefied digestive medicines on the composite resin surface. Methods: Three types of liquefied digestive medicines (Gashwalmyeongsu, Wicheongsu, and Saengrokcheon) were selected as experimental groups, Samdasoo and Chamisul as negative controls, and Trevi as positive controls were selected to measure pH and titratable acidity. The samples filled with resin at acrylic were made total 300, 50 per group. To evaluate the erosion risk of the composite resin, the specimens were immersed in a liquefied medicine for 1, 3, 5, 15, and 30 minutes, and then the surface microhardness was measured using the Vickers Hardness Number, and the surface change was observed with scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results: The average pH of the three liquefied medicine was 3.75±0.30, the Saengrokcheon was the lowest at 3.45±0.01, and the Trevi was 4.66 and Samdasoo and Chamisul were 7.40 and 8.58, respectively. The amount of NaOH reaching pH 5.5 and 7.0 was the lowest in the order of Trevi, Gashwalmyeongsu, Wicheongsu, and Saengrokcheon. The largest surface hardness reduction value was shown in Gashwalmyeongsu (-11.85±3.73), followed by Saengrokcheon (-9.79±3.11) and Wicheongsu (-8.28±2.83), and Samdasoo (-0.84±1.56) and Chamisul (-6.24±0.42) had relatively low surface hardness reduction values. However, Trevi (-16.67±5.41), a positive control group containing carbonic acid, showed a higher decrease in surface hardness than the experimental group. As a result of observation with SEM, experimental group and positive control group, showed rough surfaces and irregular cracks, and negative control groups showed smooth patterns similar to before immersion. Conclusion: The liquefied digestive medicine with low pH could weaken the composite resin surface, and the carbonic acid component could more effect on the physical properties of the composite resin than pH.

• 한국분말재료학회지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.207-212
• /
• 2016

In this study, Fe-Cu-Ni-Mo-C low alloy steel powder is consolidated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. The internal structure and the surface fracture behavior are studied using field-emission scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy techniques. The bulk samples are polished and etched in order to observe the internal structure. The sample sintered at $900^{\circ}C$ with holding time of 10 minutes achieves nearly full density of 98.9% while the density of the as-received conventionally sintered product is 90.3%. The fracture microstructures indicate that the sample prepared at $900^{\circ}C$ by the SPS process is hard to break out because of the presence of both grain boundaries and internal particle fractures. Moreover, the lamellar pearlite structure is also observed in this sample. The samples sintered at 1000 and $1100^{\circ}C$ exhibit a large number of tiny particles and pores due to the melting of Cu and aggregation of the alloy elements during the SPS process. The highest hardness value of 296.52 HV is observed for the sample sintered at $900^{\circ}C$ with holding time of 10 minutes.