• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.33 no.1 s.94
• /
• pp.16-20
• /
• 2007

Vibrio parahaemolyticus was investigated for analysis of distribution and antibiotic susceptibility at the markets, Seoul in 2004. The average isolation rate was 26.8%(306/1,143) and the highest rate with 64.9% was obtained in August. The isolation rates from December to April was 0.0%. It is more effective to inoculate into the enrichment medium, alkaline pepton water by swabbing a sample with a cotton ball rather than pouring mixed sample. The isolation rates were from 24.4% to 37.1% in domestic samples and from 9.8% to 26.8% in imported ones. All of the isolates were resistent to ampicillin and ticarcillin and most of them were sensitive to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, nalidixic acid, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, streptomycin, kanamycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazol, ampicillin/sulbactam, ciprofloxacin.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.355-361
• /
• 1986

Vibrio vulnificus, a halophilic Vibrio has gained worldwide attention as a cause of severe and frequently fatal wound infections and life-threatening septicemia. For this reason V. vulnificus is thought to produce extreme hemoconcentration and rapid death after infection, and because V. vulnificus is thought to be less susceptible to bactericidal activity of normal human serum, the present study was undertaken to assess the susceptibility of V. vulnificus to human serum bactericidal activity with that of V. parahemolyticus and V. cholerae and to assess the effect of Vibrio species, Salmonella typhimurium and E. coli on hematocrit values in experimentally infected mice. Serum bactericidal activity against both V. vulnificus and V. cholerae was higher than against V. parahemoltyicus. Survival of the test strains in heat-inactivated human serum was greater than that in heat-uninactiveted serum. Both V. parahemolyticus and V. cholerae produced slight hemoconcentration within 2 to 6 hr after intraperitoneal injection of $10^7$ viable bacteria into mice. In contrast, V. vulnificus, S. typhimurium and E. coli produced hemodilution rather than hemoconcentration after 4 or 6 hr after infection. With these results the author can conclude that V. vulnificus is more susceptible to serum bactericidal activity than other Vibrio species, and V. vulnificus did not produce hemoconcentration.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.38 no.6
• /
• pp.365-371
• /
• 2005

The antimicrobial resistance patterns to the 10 antimicrobial agents of potential pathogenic vibrios isolated from seawater and a variety of farmed fishes, including oliver flounder (Payalichthys olivaceus), black rock fish (Sebastes schlegeli), red sea bream (Pagyus major) and sea bass (Lateolabyax japonicus), were investigated from May to October, 2004. A total of 314 strains of the genus vibrios were isolated from 126 collected samples, and the number of isolated strains of Vibrio payahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus were 194 and 120, respectively. Apparently $98.5\%$ of V. parahaemolyticus and $100\%$ of V. alginolyticus isolates demonstrated antimicrobial resistance against at least one antimicrobial agent. The resistance of V. parahaernolyticus isolates to ampicillin ($97.9\%$) was highest, followed by oxolinic acid ($26.8\%$), amikacin ($19.1\%$) and tetracycline and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid ($6.7\%$). V. alginolyticus isolates were resistant to ampicillin ($100\%$), solfamethoxazoleit,imethopenem ($25\%$), amikacln ($21.7\%$), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid ($15.8\%$), ciprofloxacin ($13.3\%$), and tetracycline and doxycycline ($11.7\%$). The rate of multiple antimicrobial resistance to at least four antimicrobials was higher in the V. alginolyticus isolates ($20.8\%$) than in the V. parahaemolyticus ($6.7\%$).

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.54 no.6
• /
• pp.918-926
• /
• 2021

We isolated 28 Vibrio vulnificus strains from seawater and fisheries and investigated the positive rate of eight virulence genes. Additionally, we evaluated the susceptibility of these strains to 25 antimicrobials. The positive rates of fur, vvhA, tcp, rtxA, vcgC, viuB, vvp, and acfA were 100, 92.9, 92.9, 67.9, 64.3, 25.0, 14.3, and 7.1%, respectively. A disk diffusion susceptibility test revealed that, all the investigated strains had the highest resistance to amoxicillin and oxacillin, followed by that to streptomycin (96.4%), cefoxitin (92.9%), clindamycin (82.1%), amikacin (67.9%), vancomycin (46.4%), nalidixic acid (7.1%), penicillin G (7.1%), and ampicillin (3.6%). Moreover, they were susceptible to 10 other antimicrobials, including cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamicin, and rifampicin. Notably, amoxicillin, oxacillin, and streptomycin had average minimum inhibitory concentrations of 132.6, 603.4, and 23.1 ㎍/mL against V. vulnificus, respectively. These observations provide new insights regarding the necessity for sanitation of commercial fisheries and can potentially, help reduce the risk posed by fisheries contaminated with bacteria resistant to antimicrobials.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.55 no.6
• /
• pp.850-857
• /
• 2022

Seventy-five Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from the surface seawater of the Geum River Estuary area, on the west coast of Korea, were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes and susceptibility to 17 different antimicrobials. All 75 isolates were examined for the presence of two virulence genes (tdh or trh) using polymerase chain reaction; Only one of the isolates possessed the tdh or trh gene. According to the results of disk diffusion susceptibility tests, all of the strains were resistant to penicillin G, 92.0% were resistant to ampicillin, 82.7% were resistant to amoxicillin, 2.7% were resistant to ciprofloxacin, 2.7% were resistant to trimethoprim, 1.3% were resistant to cephalothin, and 1.3% were resistant to erythromycin. However, all of the strains were susceptible to amikacin, cefoxitin, chloramphenicol, gentamycin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, rifampin, streptomycin, and tetracycline. The average minimum inhibitory concentrations for ampicillin for V. parahaemolyticus was 557.6 ㎍/mL. These results not only provide novel insight into the necessity for seawater sanitation in Geum river estuary area, but they help reduce the risk of contamination of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.46 no.1
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2014

This research has been performed by our own investigation, also cooperated with Health and Sanification Division and each of district offices in Busan metropolitan city. After choosing, we collected water samples five times for microbiological examination. As a result of investigating in 160 water samples from urban areas, we could detect 88 cases of Vibrio spp. Furthermore, there were four cases exceeding the acceptable limit of aquarium water (100,00/mL) and another four cases exceeding the limit of Coliform group (1,000 below/100 mL). As a result of investigating that we performed for 271 cases of water samples from coastal areas from April to November, we could detect 130 cases of vibrio species and 10 cases of Coliform group. After performing 17 kinds of antibiotic susceptibility test for 41 cases of isolated Vibrio parahaemolyticus, 27 cases showed tolerance to Amplicllin (AM), all of 31 cases showed intermediate resistance only to Cefazolin (CF) but had sensitivity to the rest of them. As a result of performing antibiotic susceptibility test, serum test and PFGE gene analysis on each 10 pair of Vibrio parahaemolyticus detected concurrently from intake-pipe water and, aquarium water, we couldn't get data showing that they are clearly same species in three kinds of test. In addition, UV sterilization, Ozonization and so on. Based on our research, intake pipe didn't have a problem with microbiological contamination so we are sure that the germ came from supplied fish had caused that kind of contamination. For effective management, UV sterilization or Ozonization which can be handled consistently should be adopted in aquarium.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.216-222
• /
• 2005

This study was performed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Salmonella spp., coliforms, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio spp. isolated from broiler carcasses, aquacultured flounders, hamburgers, and lettuce, which are foods consumed in large quantities in Korea. Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes were isolated only from broiler carcasses and Salmonella spp. had a high multidrug resistance rate of 61.1%. Meanwhile, coliforms and S. aureus were isolated from all four foods tested in this experiment. The multidrug resistance rate of coliforms from broiler carcasses was 50%, and that of Vibrio spp. from flounders was 71.4%. The resistance to tetracycline, streptomycin, ampicillin or carbenicillin was common regardless of the kind of food or isolate.

• Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.45 no.1
• /
• pp.64-68
• /
• 2007

In this study we examined the multi-drug resistance profiles of the tetracycline (TC) resistant genus Vibrio to determine its susceptibility to two ${\beta}-lactams$, ampicillin (ABPC), and mecillinam (MPC), as well as to macrolide, erythromycin (EM). The results showed various patterns of resistance among strains that were isolated from very close geographical areas during the same year, suggesting diverse patterns of drug resistance in environmental bacteria from this area. In addition, the cross-resistance patterns suggested that the resistance determinants among Vibrio spp. are acquired differently within the sediment and seawater environments.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.6-12
• /
• 2020

Prevalence of toxin genes and profiles of antibiotic resistance in Vibrio vulnificus were investigated for prevention of Vibrio sepsis and selection of effective antibiotics. A total of 23 V. vulnificus strains were isolated from Vibrio sepsis patients, fish, and water samples collected from fish tanks in restaurants in Jeonnam province during 2015-2017 period. Prevalence of toxin genes including, RtxA, viuB and vvhA were assessed and susceptibilities to 15 different antibiotics were determined. As a result of the toxin gene profile, the RtxA toxin gene was detected in 19 (82.6%) out of 23 strains, and vvhA and viuB toxin genes were positive in all strains. These results showed that V. vulnificus tested in this study possessed at least one more toxin gene, and the toxin gene detection rate was higher than in previous reports. Therefore, there is always a risk of Vibrio sepsis through eating fish or having contact with aquarium water at seafood restaurants. Especially, it was deemed necessary to provide preventive education about Vibrio sepsis for workers in such restaurants. The results of antibiotic susceptibility tests presented 94.4% resistance to cepoxitin antibiotics but all strains showed susceptibility to 14 kinds of antibiotics including chloramphenicol and tetracycline. The currents antibiotic therapy using chloramphenicol and teteracycline against Vibrio sepsis was judged to be useful.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.49 no.2
• /
• pp.116-123
• /
• 2016

This study investigated the prevalence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the oyster Crassostrea gigas, which is commonly consumed raw. The presence of virulence factors and the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates were also investigated. The overall prevalence rate of V. parahaemolyticus in oysters was 37.5% (36/96) and the range of concentrations was 30-11,000 MPN/100 g. PCR-based assays indicated that 9.6% (11/115) of the isolates were positive for the thermostable direct hemolysin-related hemolysin gene (trh), while none of the isolates were positive for the thermostable direct hemolysin gene (tdh). The Multiple Antibiotics Resistance (MAR) index was measured for 16 common antimicrobial agents and 46.1% (53/115) of the isolates had a MAR index > 0.2. The MAR index ranged from 0.07 to 0.73. The highest MAR index was observed with strain s150608, isolated in June 2015, which exhibited resistance to 11 antimicrobial agents. Our results demonstrate that oysters are high-risk sources of V. parahaemolyticus, although no antimicrobial agent was being used to promote growth or to treat bacterial infections in the sampled oyster-growing areas.