• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.6863-6867
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• 2013

Phyllanthus emblica (PE) is known to exhibit various pharmacological properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antimetastatic potential of a PE aqueous extract. Cytotoxicity to human fibrosarcoma cells, HT1080, was determined by viability assay using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol,2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reagent. Cell migration and invasion were investigated using chemotaxis chambers containing membranes precoated with collagen IV and Matrigel, respectively. Cell attachment onto normal surfaces of cell culture plates was tested to determine the cell-adhesion capability. The molecular mechanism of antimetastatic activity was assessed by measuring the gene expression of matrix metalloproteinases, MMP2, and MMP9, using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. The mRNA levels of both genes were significantly down-regulated after pretreatment with PE extract for 5 days. Our findings show the antimetastatic function of PE extract in reducing cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and adhesion in both dose- and time-dependent manners, especially growth arrest with low $IC_{50}$ value. A decrease in the expression of both MMP2 and MMP9 seems to be the cellular mechanism for antimetastasis in this case. There is a high potential to use PE extracts clinically as an optional adjuvant therapeutic drug for therapeutic intervention strategies in cancer therapy or chemoprevention.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 2003

Seok-jeong (SJ) is a solution of various metal ions and numerous other organic substances produced through extraction and fermentation of herbs and soil using geo-microbes, and it has been shown to improve symptoms of senile dementia. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of SJ against neurotoxicity of cadmium in HT22 hippocampal neuron cell line. SJ significantly protected from the cadmium-induced decreased cell viability measured by MTT assay (p＜0.01). The protective effects of SJ against cadmium toxicity were confirmed through observing morphological changes using inverted microscope. Additionally, SJ significantly repressed the formation of lipid peroxidation induced by high concentration of cadmium, and likewise, significantly repressed the reduction of glutathione by cadmium in HT22 cells. Vitamin C at the concentration found in SJ did not show any protective effect against cadmium toxicity in HT22 cells, indicating that vitamin C may not have a major role in the protective mechanism of SJ. Taken together, these results suggest that SJ may be a valuable agent for the protection of cadmium toxicity on the neuronal cells, and that the mechanism of the action of SJ may be due to reduced lipid peroxidation and increased glutathione level.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.225-231
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• 2022

Objectives : Oxidative damage has a variety of mechanism in the human organs including brain and liver. The purpose of this study is to examine the prevention against cellular damage, and the inhibitory effect on lipogenesis of the water extract of Eriobotrya japonica (EJE). Methods : The effect of EJE on cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay. To investigate the mechanism of EJE's inhibition of lipogenesis, we analyzed the relevant proteins using immunoblot analysis. Results : Induction of T0901317, a LXR agonist, significantly increased SREBP-1c expression, which was blocked by the pretreatment of EJE in the dose-dependent manners. This beneficial herb also regulated the genes related with SREBP-1c such as the acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Conclusion : These results suggested that EJE might have a possibility of the treatment of chronic diseases as mediated with the inhibition of LXRα/SREBP-1c pathway.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.275-281
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• 2012

Embryonic stem cell-preconditioned microenvironment is important for cancer cells properitities by change cell morphology and proliferation. This microenvironment induces cancer cell reprogramming and results in a change in cancer cell properties such as differentiation and migration. The cancer microenvironment affects cancer cell proliferation and growth. However, the mechanism has not been clarified yet. Using the ES-preconditioned 3-D microenvironment model, we provide evidence showing that the ES microenvironment inhibits proliferation and reduces oncogenic gene expression. But ES microenvironment has no effect on telomerase activity, cell viability, cellular senescence, and methylation on Oct4 promoter region. Furthermore, methylation of Nanog was increase on ES-preconditioned microenvironment and supports results that no difference on RNA expression levels. Taken together, these results demonstrated that in the ES-preconditioned 3-D microenvironment is a crucial role for cancer cell proliferation not senescence.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1441-1447
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• 2003

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of Chungjokupye-tang(CJKPT) on the anti-carcinogenic action. The cell viability of mouse spienocytes and thymocytes were enhanced by the addition of CJKPT. CJKPT were increased of splenic and thymic T lymphocytes, such as T/sub H/ cells were markedly increased by the treatment of CJKPT in vivo. CJKPT treatment induced the apoptotic cell death of Jurkat and HL60 leukemia cells. CJKPT reduced mitochondrial transmembrane potential and increased the expression of ICE, c-myc and p53 gene in Molt-4cells dose dependant manner. These results suggest that CJKPT have an anti-carcinogenic action via immunoregulatory mechanism.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.1984-1989
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• 2006

Deacetylated chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) had effective antiprotozoal activity against Trichomonas vaginalis (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration, MIC 0.25%), whereas 80% acetylated cas showed no antiprotozoal activity (MIC > 1 %). an the other hand, 80% acetylated cas showed growth stimulatory activity against the protozoa. When T. vaginalis was treated with 98% deacetylated COS at 0.25% concentration, the viability of the protozoa was rapidly decreased within 15 min, and the protozoa completely died within 40 min. Ultrastructural changes of trichomonads treated with COS included a loss of defined nuclear membrane and endoplasmic reticulum membranes, an increase in the number of free ribosome, vacuolation, and ultimately lysis of the cell membrane. These results indicate that deacetylated COS can be used as an antitrichomonal agent, although its lethal mechanism is not known.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.259-265
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• 2002

Resveratrol, a phytoalexin found in grapes, berries, and peanuts, is one of the most promising agents for cancer prevention. Recent studies show that the antitumor activity of resveratrol occurs through p53-mediated apoptosis. This study demonstrated the mechanism that resveratrol induced apoptosis in human osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells lacking p53. Treatment of osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells with resveratrol resulted in decrease of cell viability, which was revealed as apoptosis characterized by activation of caspase-3 protease as well as cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) with change of mitochondrial membrane potential transition. These results suggest that resveratrol may be potentially useful to treat osteosarcoma via activation of caspase protease and mitochondrial dysfunction.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.275-283
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• 2002

Fungal metabolite, gliotoxin is an epipolythiodioxopiperazin (ETP) class and has various roles including immunomodulatory and apoptotic effects. This study was designed to evaluate the mechanism by which gliotoxin exerts the apoptosis on human promyelocytic leukemic HL-60 cells. Herein, we demonstrated that the gliotoxin decreased the cell viability in a time-dependent manner Gliotoxin-induced cell death was confirmed us apoptosis characterized by chromatin condensation and ladder-pattern fragmentation of genomic DNA. Gliotoxin increased the catalytic activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9. Activation of caspase-3 was further confirmed by degradation of procaspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) by gliotoxin in HL-60 cells. Furthermore, gliotoxin induced the changes of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP). Antioxidants, including GSH and NAC, markedly inhibited apoptosis with conistent suppression of enzymatic activity of caspase-3, caspase-9, and MTP loss in gliotoxin-treated cells. Taken together, we suggest that gliotoxin function as an oxidant and ploys proapoptotic roles in HL-60 cells via activation of intrinsic caspase cascades as well as mitochondrial dysfunction.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.94-103
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• 2004

Objective: This study was performed to detennine the depigmenting effects of Kamibongpungtongsung-San. Methods: To determine the depigmenting effects of Kamibangpungtongsung-San. we measured the degree of tyrosinase inhibition, melanin production & cell viability in cultured B16 melanoma cells, UV screen and cytoprotective effects on PC12 cells injured by hydrogen peroxide. Results: Komibangpungtongsung-San did not show inhibitory effects on melanin production in melanoma cells, UV screen and cytoprotective effects on PC12 cells injured by hydrogen peroxide. However it showed mild inhibitory effects on tyrosinase activity. Conclusion : This study shows that Kamibangpungtongsung-San, a generally used prescription for dermatologic diseases, do not have depigmenting effects via tyrosinase inhibition. Therefore, the depigmenting effect and mechanism of depigmentation by Kamibangpungtongsung-San need to be evaluated and investigated in other directions.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.257-261
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• 2013

${\alpha}$-Curcumene is one of the physiologically active components of Curcuma zedoaria, which is believed to perform anti-tumor activities, the mechanisms of which are poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of the apoptotic effect of ${\alpha}$-curcumene on the growth of human overian cancer, SiHa cells. Upon treatment with ${\alpha}$-curcumene, cell viability of SiHa cells was inhibited > 73% for 48 h incubation. ${\alpha}$-Curcumene treatment showed a characteristic nucleosomal DNA fragmentation pattern and the percentage of sub-diploid cells was increased in a concentration-dependent manner, hallmark features of apoptosis. Mitochondrial cytochrome c activation and an in vitro caspase-3 activity assay demonstrated that the activation of caspases accompanies the apoptotic effect of ${\alpha}$-curcumene, which mediates cell death. These results suggest that the apoptotic effect of ${\alpha}$-curcumene on SiHa cells may converge caspase-3 activation through the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c.