• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.151-157
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• 1992

In urethane anesthetized cats, each vestibular semicircular canal nerve was electrically stimulated, and reflex responses of the cervical extensor and flexor (the splenius capitis and sternomastoid muscles) were recorded by means of electromyography. Stimulation of a unilateral (anterior, horizontal or posterior) canal nerve elicited excitation of the contralateral cervical muscles and inhibition of the ipsilateral ones; during the canal nerve stimulation, the two muscles in one side of the neck revealed synergistic responses. Based on these experimental results, we formulated a diagram showing the functional connections between the vestibular semicircular canals and the cervical muscles in the vestibulocollic reflex.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2020

Vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) are useful for evaluating the vestibulocollic reflex arising mostly from the saccule and the vestibuloocular reflex originating from the utricle. VEMPs can vary with the characteristics of the applied stimuli and the effects of aging and diseases. VEMPs have been found to be useful for diagnosing superior canal dehiscence, but their usefulness for other clinical disorders remains unclear. This review discusses the principles of VEMP tests and summarizes the findings for VEMPs in common vestibular disorders.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.126-146
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• 1999

In clinical neurology various different electrophysiological tests are widely used to demonstrate the unsuspected malfunctioning in the nervous system and to monitor over time the clinical status of patients. In addition clinical neurologists and neurosurgeons take advantage of the intraoperative monitorings to increase the quality of neurosurgical operations in the posterior fossa, in the spinal cord, or in visual pathways. In the field of movement disorders, elecrophysiolgical tests provide neurologists with making accurate differential diagnoses with useful therapeutic stratergies as well as with investigating the pathophysiological machanisms. By using the electromyographic tests it could be possible for us to evaluate the types of blephalospasm, the extent of hemifacial spasm, the level of myoclonus, and the prime muscles of torticollis etc. Sometimes the myographic guidance may be critical for choosing the exact injecting site of botulinum toxin. These several decades various electroencephalographic and evoked potential tests has been utilized in the electrophysiological laboratories to understand the basic pathophysiology of myoclonus, spasticity and other central motor dysfunctions. It could be one of the breakthroughs in the area of behavorial neurology that the brain function can be mapped by the spontaneous or evoked electrical activities of nervous system since the movement related potentials (MRPs) had been studies for several decades. Various reflex tests such as masseter reflex, blink reflex, click evoked vestibulocollic reflex, facial reflex, stretch reflex, flexor reflex, H-reflex, H-reflex recovery curve, vestibular inhibition of H-reflex, reciprocal inhibition, recurrent or Renshaw reflex, Ib inhibition, cutaneous reflex have been also used to understand normal or abnormal physiology in movement disorders. Polysomnography, posturography and gait studies are also applied in clinical neurology in association with with movement disorders which are useful in deciding the treatment regimen.