• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.362-370
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• 1998

Absorption systems require a heat source for working but they have a great merit in that relatively low-temperature and low-quality types of thermal energy such as solar heat and exhaust heat can be effectively utilized as heat source. However details research related to absorbers which have a great effect on performances has been rarely done and thus there has been a strong hope for positive developments to improve their efficiencies. This paper describes absorption experiments made with different inside tube diameters and shapes. The purpose of this study is to acquire basic knowledge about heat and mass transfer in a falling film type absorber with vertical inner tubes. Heat and mass transfer were measured for water vapor absorption into a water/LiBr solution flowing down an absorber of vertical inner tubes. As a result absorption acceleration tube compares bare tube and heat transfer improved by order of insert spring tube corrugated tube grooved tube. And the acceleration that is good provided in inserting spring tube for both sides of heat and mass transfer.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1501-1509
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• 1995

It is known that the heat and mass transfer characteristics in the absorber are most sensitive of the temperature boost of all the heat exchangers and the development of a more efficient absorber should be highly important. This paper describes absorption experiments made with different inside tube diameters, tube length and tube shapes. The purpose of this study is to acquire basic knowledge about heat and mass transfer in a falling film type absorber with vertical inner tubes. Heat and mass transfer were measured for water vapor absorption into a Lithium Bromide-water solution flowing down an absorber of vertical inner tubes. As a result, insert spring tube compares bare tube and heat transfer improved by order of insert spring tube P2(pitch 20 mm) and P1(pitch 10 mm).

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.844-853
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• 2002

A dynamic model which simulates the coupled heat and mass transfer within a vertical tube absorber was developed. The liquid film is a binary mixture of two components, and both of these components are present in the vapor phase. The pressure, concentration, temperature and mass flow rate of the vapor are obtained by assuming that the pressure is uniform within an absorber. The model was applied to an absorber for an ammonia/water absorption refrigerator. The transient behaviors of the pressure, the outlet temperature and the concentration of the solution and the cooling water outlet temperature on a step change at the absorber inlet of the cooling water temperature, the vapor mass flow rate and the concentration of the solution were shown.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.196-206
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• 1995

Experimental investigations on heat and mass transfer characteristics in a vertical tube absorber have been carried out. Three different copper tubes with a length of 1.5m have been tested using LiBr solution and LiBr-$CaCl_2$ solution. The effects of solution flow rate, cooling water temperature, solution inlet temperature and evaporation temperature have been investigated in detail. It is found that heat transfer coefficient increases gradually with the increase of solution flow rate, but decreases rapidly for the flow rates less than 0.02kg/ms. The grooved tube generally shows better heat transfer performances than the smooth tube. LiBr solution shows almost no absorption capability for the cooling water temperatures over $40^{\circ}C$. LiBr-$CaCl_2$ gives less decreasing rate in absorption capability at these temperatures and the heat transfer coefficient becomes less dependent on the types of tubes in use. Considering heat and mass transfer rates, LiBr-$CaCl_2$ solution is found to be more suitable than LiBr solution for air cooled absorber, which operates at higher temperature than water cooled absorber.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.3293-3303
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• 1996

Numerical analyses have been performed to estimate the absorption heat and mass transfer coefficients in absorption process of the LiBr aqueous solution and the total heat and mass transfer rates in a vertical tube absorber which is coolING ed by air. Axisymmetric cylindrical coordinate system was adopted to model the circular tube and the transport equations were solved by the finite volume method. Absorption behaviors of heat and mass transfer were analyzed through falling film of the LiBr aqueous solution contacted by water vapor in tube. Effects of film Reynolds number on heat and mass transfer coefficients have been also investigated. Especially, effects of tube diameter have been considered to observe the total heat and mass transfer rates through falling film along the tube. Based on the analysis it has been found that the total mass transfer rate increases rapidly in a region with low film Reynolds number(10 ~ 40) as the film Reynolds number increases, while decreases beyond that region. The total heat and mass transfer rates increase with increasing the tube diameter.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.830-838
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• 2005

The present study investigated the optimization of the absorption performance of the vertical absorber tube with falling film by considering heat and mass transfer simultaneously. Effects of film Reynolds number, geometric parameters by insert device (spring) and flow pattern on heat and mass transfer performances have been also investigated. Especially, effects of coolant flow rate and the flow pattern by geometric parameters has been observed for the total heat and mass transfer rates through both numerical and experimental studies. Based on both predicted values, the optimal coolant flow rate was predicted as 1.98 L/min. The maximum absorption rate of the spring inserted tube was increased by the maximum of $20.0\%$ than those for uniform film of bare tube. Average Sherwood numbers and Nusselt numbers were increased as Reynolds numbers increased under the dynamic and geometric conditions showing the maximum absorption performance.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• v.7
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• pp.69-78
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• 1999

Effects of a non-absorbable gas on the absorption process in a vertical tube absorber has been investigated numerically. The water vapor mixed with air is absorbed into LiBr/water solution film. The flow is assumed to be laminar and fully developed in both liquid and gas phases. The diffusion and energy equations were solved in both phases to give the temperature and concentrations, from which heat and mass fluxes were determined. The local absorption rate has been shown to decrease as the mass fraction of air in the water vapor increases. The vapor pressure of water at the liquid-vapor is interface reduced significantly since the non-absorbable gas accumulates near the interface. The effects of non-absorbable gases on absorption rate become larger as the mass flow rate of the vapor decreases. For a small amount of non-absorbable gases, the total absorption rate of water vapor increases as the mass flow rate of the vapor decreases. The total absorption rate increases as the mass flow rate of the vapor increases for large concentrations of non-absorbable gases at the inlet of an absorber.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.102-111
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• 2000

A numerical model which simulates the simultaneous heat and mass transfer within a vertical tube GAX absorber was developed. The ammonia vapor and the solution liquid are in counter-current flow, and the hydronic fluid flows counter to the solution liquid. The film thickness and the velocity distribution of the liquid film were obtained by matching the shear stress at the liquid-vapor interface. Two-dimensional diffusion and energy equations were solved in the liquid film to give the temperature and concentration, and a modified Colburn-Drew analysis was used for the vapor phase to determine the heat and mass fluxes at the liquid-vapor interface. The model was applied to a GAX absorber to investigate the absorption rates, temperature and concentration profiles, and mass flow rates of liquid and vapor phases. It was shown that the mass flux of water was negligible compared with that of ammonia except the region near the liquid inlet. Ammonia absorption rate increases rapidly near the liquid inlet and decrease slowly. Both the absorption rate of ammonia vapor and the desorption rate of water near the liquid inlet increase as the vapor mass flow rate increases, but the mass fluxes of the ammonia and the water near the liquid outlet decrease as the mass flow rate of the vapor increases.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.825-832
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• 2002

The present study investigated the enhancement of the absorption performance by the spring wrapped around the outer surface of the vertical falling film absorber tube. Heat and mass transfer enhancements were experimentally investigated, and flow visualization was performed to observe the wettability and flow pattern of the solution. The key experimental parameters were spring diameter (0.5, 1.0 mm) and spring pitch (1, 3, 10 mm), film Reynolds number (50~150), and concentration of LiBr-$H_2O$ solution (55, 60, 65 wt%). As the spring diameter was increased, the absorption mass flux, Sherwood number, Nusselt number, heat flux, and heat transfer coefficient were increased The Nusselt and Sherwood numbers showed the maximum at the spring pitch of 3mm, and the ratio of pitch to diameter of approximately 3 and 6 for the spring diamter of 0.5 mm, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.456-465
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• 1998

Effect of a non-absorbable gas on the absorption process in a vertical tube absorber was investigated numerically. The water vapor mined with air as the non-absorbable gas is absorbed into LiBr/water solution film. The flow is assumed to be laminar and fully developed in both liquid and gas phases. The diffusion and energy equations were solved in both phases to give the temperature and concentrations, from which heat and mass fluxes were determined. It was shown that the local absorption rate decreases as the mass fraction of air in water vapor increases. The vapor pressure of water at the liquid-vapor interface reduces significantly since the non-absorbable gas is accumulated near the interface. The effect of non-absorbable gases on absorption rate becomes larger as the mass flow rate of the vapor decreases. For small amount of non-absorbable gases the total absorption rate of water vapor increases as the mass flow rate of the vapor decreases. Total absorption rate increases as the mass flow rate of the vapor increases for large concentration of non-absorbables at the inlet of an absorber.