• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.133-140
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• 2018

Vertical earthquake motions can occur along with horizontal earthquakes, so that Structure should be designed to resist Seismic loads in all directions. Especially, due to the dynamic characteristics such as the vibration mode, when the vertical seismic load, the dynamic response of the Spatial structure is large. In this study, the seismic response of the lattice dome to horizontal and vertical seismic loads is analyzed, and a reasonable seismic load combination is analyzed by combining horizontal and vertical seismic response results. In the combination of the horizontal seismic load, the largest result is obtained when the direction of the main axis of the structure coincides with the direction of seismic load. In addition, the combination of vertical seismic load and horizontal seismic load was the largest compared with the combination of horizontal seismic load. Therefore, it is considered that the most reasonable and stable design will be achieved if the seismic load in vertical direction is considered.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.105-116
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• 2018

The objective of this study is to investigate the response reducing effect of a seismic isolation system installed between 300m dome and supports under both horizontal and vertical seismic ground motion. The time history analysis is performed to investigate the dynamic behavior of single layer lattice domes with and without a lead rubber bearing seismic isolation system. In order to ensure the seismic performance of lattice domes against strong earthquakes, it is important to investigate the mechanical characteristics of dynamic response. Horizontal and vertical seismic ground motions cause a large asymmetric vertical response of large span domes. One of the most effective methods to reduce the dynamic response is to install a seismic isolation system for observing seismic ground motion at the base of the dome. This paper discusses the dynamic response characteristics of 300m single layer lattice domes supported on a lead rubber seismic isolation device under horizontal and vertical seismic ground motions.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.537-549
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• 2018

Using vertical links in eccentric braced frames is one of the best passive structural control approaches due to its effectiveness and practicality advantages. However, in spite of the subject importance there are limited studies which evaluate the seismic reliability and response reduction factor (R-factor) in this system. Therefore, the present study has been conducted to improve the current understanding about failure mechanism in the structural systems equipped with vertical links. For this purpose, following definition of demand and capacity response reduction factors, these parameters are computed for three different buildings (4, 8 and 12 stories) equipped with this system. In this regards, pushover and incremental dynamic analysis have been employed, and seismic reliability as well as multi-level response reduction factor according to the seismic demand and capacity of the frames have been derived. Based on the results, this system demonstrates high ductility and seismic energy dissipation capacity, and using the response reduction factor as high as 8 also provides acceptable reliability for the frame in the moderate and high earthquake intensities. This system can be used in original buildings as lateral load resisting system in addition to seismic rehabilitation of the existing buildings.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.1481-1497
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• 2015

Vertical earthquake ground motion may magnify vertical dynamic responses of structures, and thus cause serious damage to bridges. As main support structures, piers and bearings play an important role in vertical seismic response analysis of girder bridges. In this study, the pier and bearing are simplified as a vertical series spring system without mass. Then, based on the assumption of small displacement, the equation of motion governing the simply-supported straight girder bridge under vertical ground motion is established including effects of vertical deformation of support structures. Considering boundary conditions, the differential quadrature method (DQM) is applied to discretize the above equation of motion into a MDOF (multi-degree-of-freedom) system. Then seismic responses of this MDOF system are calculated by a step-by-step integration method. Effects of support structures on vertical dynamic responses of girder bridges are studied under different vertical strong earthquake motions. Results indicate that support structures may remarkably increase or decrease vertical seismic responses of girder bridges. So it is of great importance to consider effects of support structures in structural seismic design of girder bridges in near-fault region. Finally, optimization of support structures to resist vertical strong earthquake motions is discussed.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.6C
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• pp.241-253
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• 2010

For seismic design of a vertical shaft, three-dimensional Finite Element (FE) analyses were performed to evaluate the accurate response of a vertical shaft and to apply a Response Displacement Method (RDM). Special attention is given to the evaluation of seismic base and response displacement of surrounding soil, estimation of load and loading method. Based on the result, it was found that shear wave velocity of seismic base greater than 1500m/s was appropriate for the seismic design. It was also found that double cosine method which evaluates a response displacement of surrounding soil was most appropriate to consider the characteristic of multi-layered soil. Finally, shape effect of the structure was considered to clarify the dynamic behavior of vertical shaft and it would be more economical vertical shaft design when a vertical shaft was analyzed by using RDM.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.21-27
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• 2016

The static and dynamic structural integrity qualification was performed through the seismic analysis of a small-size Savonius-type vertical wind turbine at dead weight plus wind load and seismic loads. The ANSYS finite element program was used to develop the FEM model of the wind turbine and to accomplish static, modal, and dynamic frequency response analyses. The stress of the wind turbine structure for each wind load and dead weight was calculated and combined by taking the square root of the sum of the squares (SRSS) to obtain static stresses. Seismic response spectrum analysis was also carried out in the horizontal (X and Y) and vertical (Z) directions to determine the response stress distribution for the required response spectrum (RRS) at safe-shutdown earthquake with a 5% damping (SSE-5%) condition. The stress resulting from the seismic analysis in each of the three directions was combined with the SRSS to yield dynamic stresses. These static and dynamic stresses were summed by using the same SRSS. Finally, this total stress was compared with the allowable stress design, which was calculated based on the requirements of the KBC 2009, KS C IEC 61400-1, and KS C IEC 61400-2 codes.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.133-143
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• 2022

The catastrophic earthquake-induced failure of slopes concentrically distributed at near-fault area, which indicated the special features of near-fault ground motions, i.e. horizontal pulse-like motion and large vertical component, should have great effect on these geo-disasters. We performed shaking table tests to investigate the effect of both horizontal pulse-like motion and vertical component on dynamic response of slope. Both unidirectional (i.e., horizontal or vertical motions) and bidirectional (i.e., horizontal and vertical components) motions are applied to soft rock slope model, and acceleration at different locations is reordered. The results show that the horizontal acceleration amplification factor (AAF) increases with height. Moreover, the horizontal AAF under unidirectional horizontal pulse-like excitations is larger than that subject to ordinary motion. The vertical AAF does not show an elevation amplification effect. The seismic response of slope under different bidirectional excitations is also different: (1) The horizontal AAF is roughly constant under horizontal pulse-like excitations with and without vertical waves, but (2) the horizontal AAF under ordinary bidirectional ground motions is larger than that under unidirectional ordinary motion. Above phenomena indicate that vertical component has limited effect on seismic response when the horizontal component is pulse-like ground motion, but it can greatly enhance seismic response of slope under ordinary horizontal motion. Moreover, the vertical AAF is enhanced by horizontal motion in both horizontal pulse-like and ordinary motion. Thence, we should pay enough attention to vertical ground motion, especially its horizontal component is ordinary ground motion.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.103-118
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• 2017

In vertical seismic isolation (VSI), a building is partitioned intentionally by vertical layers into two dynamically different substructures for seismic response reduction. Initially, a 1-story frame was partitioned into two substructures, interconnected by viscous and visco-elastic links, and seismic responses of the original and the vertically isolated structures (VIS) were obtained, considering a large number of stiffness and mass ratios of substructures with respect to the original structure. Color contour graphs were defined for presentation and investigation of large amounts of output results. Dynamic characteristics of the isolated structures were studied by considering the non-classical damping of the system, and then the effects of viscous and visco-elastic link parameters on the modal damping ratios were discussed. On this basis, three states of mass isolation, interactional state, and control mass were differentiated. Response history analyses were performed by Runge-Kutta numerical method. In these analyses, interaction of isolation ratios and link parameters, on response control of VIS was studied and the appropriate ranges for link parameters as well as the optimal ranges for isolation ratios were suggested. Results show that by using the VSI technique, seismic response reduction up to 50% in flexible substructure and even more in stiff substructure is achievable.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.69 no.6
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• pp.591-605
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• 2019

Investigations on seismic performance of eccentrically braced frames equipped with dual vertical links have received little attention. Therefore, the main goal of this paper is to describe design steps for such frames and evaluate nonlinear performance of this system according to the reliability analysis. In this study, four and eight story frame structures are analyzed and the response modification factors for different intensity and damage levels are derived in a matrix form based on a new approach. According to the obtained results, the system has high ductility and acceptable seismic performance. Moreover, it is concluded that using response modification factor equal to 8 in the design of system provides desirable seismic reliability under the design and maximum probable hazard levels. Due to desirable performance and significant advantages of the dual vertical links, this system can be used as a main lateral load bearing system, in addition to its application for rehabilitation of damaged structures.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.108-115
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• 2000

Numerical analysis of slop stability is presented using seismic displacement, response seismic coefficient, and earthquake response analysis methods. In seismic displacement and response seismic coefficient methods, horizontal static seismic force is considered as 0.2g while vertical static seismic force is not considered in analysis. For earthquake response analysis Hahinoha-wave is applied, It is found from result that analysis using response seismic coefficient method is much more conservative than that using seismic displacement method Also, analysis result using earthquake response analysis method is somewhat less conservative about 25% when compared with that using seismic displacement method.