• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.170-180
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the facial skeletal patterns and the shape of the mandibular symphysis in adults with malocclusion by using a structural equation model (SEM). Methods: Ninety adults who had malocclusion and had records of facial skeletal measurements performed using cone-beam computed tomography were selected for this study. The skeletal measurements were classified into three groups (vertical, anteroposterior, and transverse). Cross-sectional images of the mandibular symphysis were analyzed using generalized Procrustes and principal component (PC) analyses. A SEM was constructed after the factors were extracted via factor analysis. Results: Two factors were extracted from the transverse, vertical, and anteroposterior skeletal measurements. Latent variables were extracted for each factor. PC1, PC2, and PC3 were selected to analyze the variations of the mandibular symphyseal shape. The SEM was constructed using the skeletal variables, PCs, and latent variables. The SEM showed that the vertical latent variable exerted the most influence on the mandibular symphyseal shape. Conclusions: The relationship between the skeletal pattern and the mandibular symphysis was analyzed using a SEM, which showed that the vertical facial skeletal pattern had the highest effect on the shape of the mandibular symphysis.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.310-317
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• 2009

Vertical wet equipment for the BGA develop process was newly developed substituted for conventional horizontal wet equipment. The benefits of vertical equipment are that the pattern damages generated by the collision between the patterns and transferring rollers can be eliminated because the direct contact between the equipment's transferring units and the soft dry film patterns does not occurs. Taguchi experiment was conducted to optimize the process characteristics for the vertical equipment. The experiment was organized as the smaller the better problem which includes adequate uncontrollable factor and controllable factors. The uncontrollable factors are the 4 sides of two panels which are loaded to the equipment at the same time. By the analysis of the experiment, temperature of the develop chemicals and develop spraying time are analyzed as the main controllable factors. Finally, line pattern's minimum width which is not damaged for the develop process was improved from $13.8{\mu}m$ for the horizontal equipment to $10.4{\mu}m$ for the vertical equipment. And dot pattern's minimum width is improved from $22.1{\mu}m$ to $16.3{\mu}m$.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 1998

For developing a beam shaping antenna, the circumference and the length of the vertical and horizontal elements of the Modified Transmission Line type Antenna(MTLA) are varied. The vertical radiation pattern of MTLA which has various shape was analyzed by the moment method in order to verify the beam tilt characteristics. From the analysis, it is confirmed that the condition of the maximum beam tilt is determined by the length of the vertical elements of the antenna. The antennal with the maximum beam tilt was designed and its input impedance and the radiation pattern was calculated theoretically and measured experimentally.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.08a
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• pp.549-552
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• 2007

Patterned vertical alignment (PVA) mode requires multi-domain to exhibit wide viewing angle whereas the transmittance is sacrificed. To overcome the demerit, a fine pattern was formed at folded region in PVA Z-shape electrode structure. In the present work fine patterns were formed near domain boundary regions where the unwanted field direction which causes the LC to tilt down in unwanted direction exists. Thereby transmittance is improved near those fine patterns. This method is very simple and more cost-effective process than the other methods. In this article, we show the method of fine pattern formation and its influence on LC molecule in PVA mode with Z-shape electrode structure.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.377-383
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• 2005

This paper deals with the flow characteristics of air-water two-phase flow in a vertical tube of 10mm I.D. and 600mm in length at an adiabatic condition. The obtained experimental data were covered with the liquid superficial velocity ranging from 0.095m/s to 2.56m/s. and the gas superficial velocity ranging from 0.032m/s to 21.08m/s. The effects of the gas and liquid superficial velocity on the flow pattern transitions, frictional pressure drop, and film thickness and gas-liquid interface roughness were also examined. It was found that the film thickness increased and the liquid film wave length was more longer with the liquid superficial velocity $j_L$ increasing at $j_G$ constant. It was also showed that the frictional pressure drops were experienced in three regions. namely increasing region(bubbly flow), decreasing region (Taylor bubble and slug flows) and re-increasing region (annular flow).

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.116-121
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• 2006

Most high-k materials are well known not to be etched easily, Some problems such as low etch rate poor sidewall angle, plasma damage, and process complexity were emerged from the high-density DRAM fabrication. Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) by a damascene process was proposed to pattern this high-k material was polished with some commercial silica slurry as a function of pH variation. Sufficient removal rate with adequate selectivity to realize the pattern mask of tera-ethyl ortho-silicate (TEOS) film for the vertical sidewall angle were obtained. The changes of X-ray diffraction pattern and dielectric constant by CMP process were negligible. The planarization was also achieved for the subsequent multi-level processes. Our new CMP approach will provide a guideline for effective patterning of high-k material by CMP technique.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.115-124
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyze the kinematics variables of upper limb joint during forehand stroke by swings patterns. Eight high school tennis players were chosen for the study, who have never been injured for last six months, in Busan. They performed horizontal swing and vertical swing that it was done each five consecutive trial in the condition of square, semi-open and open stance. It was filmed by 6 video camera and used with 3-dimensional motion analyzer system. The following kinematic variables were analyzed in relation to angle of joint(shoulder, elbow and wrist joint). The conclusion were as follow: 1. The angle of right shoulder joint represented all event that both swing were shown similar pattern in swing type and stance pattern. 2. All event in the angle of elbow joint had consistent with that except E2, horizontal and vertical swings in square stance. 3. All event in the angle of wrist joint was show to similar pattern except E2, horizontal and vertical swing in open stance.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.101-124
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• 1996

In this study, we designed the finite element models of mandible with varying their connecting types between the prosthesis on implant fixture and 2nd premolar, which were free-standing case(Mf), precision attachment case(Mp), semiprecision attachment case(Ms) and telescopic case(Mt). The basic model of the designed finite element models, which contained a canine and the 1st & 2nd premolar, was implanted in the edentulous site of the 1st & 2nd molar by two implant fixtures. We applied the load in all models by two ways. A vertical load of 200N was applied at each central fossa of 2nd premolar and 1st implant. A tilting load of 20N with inclination of $45^{\circ}$ to lingual side was applied to buccal cusp tips of each 2nd premolar and 1st implant. And then we analyzed three-dimensional finite element models, making a comparative study of principal stress and displacement in four cases respectively. Three-dimensional finite element analysis was performed for the stress distribution and the displacement using commercial software(IDEAS program) for SUN-SPARC workstation. The results were as follows : 1 Under vertical load or tilting load, maximum displacement appeared at the 2nd premolar. Semiprecision case showed the largest maximum displacement, and maximum displacement reduced in the order of precision attachment, free-standing and telescopic case. 2. Under vertical load. the pattern of displacement of the 1st implant appeared mesio-inclined because of the 2nd implant splinted together. But displacement pattern of the 2nd premolar varied according to their connection type with prosthesis. The 2nd premolar showed a little mesio-inclined vertical displacement in case of free-standing and disto-inclined vertical displacement due to attachment in case of precision and semiprecision attachment. In telescopic case, the largest mesio-inclined vertical displacement has been shown, so, the 1st premolar leaned mesial side. 3. Under tilting load, The pattern of displacement was similar in all four cases which appeared displaced to lingual side. But, the maximum displacement of 2nd premolar appeared larger than that of the first implant. Therefore, there was large discrepancy in displacement between natural tooth and implant during tilting load. 4. Under vertical load, the maximum compressive stress appeared at the 1st implant's neck. Semiprecision attachment case showed the largest maximum compressive stress, and the maximum compressive stress reduced in the order of precision attachment, telescopic and free-standing case. 5 Under vertical load, the maximum tensile stress appeared at the 2nd implant's distal neck. Semiprecision attachment case showed the largest maximum tensile stress, and the maximum tensile stress reduced in the order of precision attachment, telescopic and free-standing case. 6. Under vertical load or tilting load, principal stress appeared little between natural tooth & implant in free-standing case, but large principal stress was distributed at upper crown and distal contact site of the 2nd premolar in telescopic case. Principal stress appeared large at keyway & around keyway of distal contact site of the 2nd premolar in precision and semiprecision attachment case, appearing more broad and homogeneous in precision attachment case than in semiprecision attachment case.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.56-62
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• 2012

There is little information about appropriate greenspace structures to satisfy aesthetic function in Korea. The purpose of this study was to analyze Korean's aesthetic preferences for greenspace structures concerned with urban tree plantings of an areal type to explore desirable greenspace landscapes. The study considered 5 structural variables of greenspace which were species composition, tree density, tree size, vertical and horizontal structure, and tree layout pattern. A photo-questionnaire was prepared through color simulations of different landscape types for each structural variable. Preference responses of an interval-scale rating from 214 respondents were statistically analyzed between landscape types and between respondent groups. Respondents preferred greenspace landscapes with diverse tree species to single species, higher tree density to lower density, larger trees to many smaller trees, multilayered and grouped plantings to single-layered and sparse plantings, and informal pattern to formal pattern. These preferences tended to be relatively higher for educated specialist and student groups than for other generalist group. Thus, multilayered and dense plantings in natural pattern including larger trees of diverse species, which are similar to ecological plantings, are recommended to increase aesthetic function of greenspace.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.79-94
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• 1997

This study was performed to develop a basic stacks pattern for middle-aged women reflecting the characteristics of their lower body types. Anthropometric measurements using sliding guage method were carried out for 4 women 40's For the analysis of the lower body types horizontal and vertical section maps obtained by sliding gauge method and 2 indices were produced. Based on the slacks construction components produced by the drafts of their lower body surface experimental slacks pattern was designed. Multiple comparison test was used to compare 3 existing slacks patterns with the experimental pattern. 1. The results of the body section map analysis were as follows: 1) In the frontal view silhouette of vertical section maps there were less individual differences in items with skeleton landmarks than those without them. 2) In the shape of horizontal section maps waist section represented more round shape than the others and thigh maximum width section had the flattest shape. Flat ratios(depth/width) of subjects were much higer than those of young women which clarified the change of depth was bigger than that of width with aging process. 2. The slacks construction components for pattern drafting were as follows: 1)Ease amount of waist was 0.5cm and front and back waist girth difference was 1.2cm Ease amount of hip was 1,8cm and front and back hip girth difference was 0.7 cm 2) The amount of dart intake incresed in the order of side(4cm) back(3,6cm) from (2.8cm) The length of dart leg incresed in the order of front side back.