• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.85-95
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• 2000

In the country where the population concentrates in the metropolis with the narrow land, development of the ocean space is necessary. Recently, mega-float offshore structure has been studied as one of the effective utilization of the ocean space. And very large floating structures are now being considered for various applications such as floating airports, offshore cities and so on. This very large structure is relatively flexible compared with real floating structures like large ships. when we estimate dynamic responses of these structures in waves, the elastic deformation is important, because vertical dimension is small compared with horizontal. And it is necessary to examine the effect of ocean wave external force received from the natural environment. In this study, the mat-type large floating structure is made to be analytical model. And the analysis of the dynamic response as it receives regular wave is studied. The finite element method is used in the analysis of structural section of this model. And the analysis is carried out using the boundary element method in the fluid division. The validity of analysis method is verified in comparison with the experimental result in the Japan Ministry of Transport Ship Research Institution. In order to know the characteristics of the dynamic response of the large floating structures, effects of wavelength, bending rigidity of the structure, water depth, and wave direction on dynamic response of the floating structure are studied by use of numerical calculation.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.91-101
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• 2021

The interdental papilla area is a difficult area for connective tissue graft (CTG) due to its narrow space. So Regeneration of interdental papilla is very challenging work. It is very difficult when the teeth have contact with adjacent teeth, but if there was only 3mm of space between the teeth, CTG was not very difficult. Therefore, through the orthodontic force, a 3mm space between the teeth was intentionally created. The CTG was performed using a microblade, and only one vertical incision was performed off the gingival margin, and the graft was performed by inserting the grafts through here. After a period of maintenance, I was able to gather the teeth again with orthodontic force and regenerate the interdental papilla. I named this technique ELSA Technique (Enlargement of space - Labial graft - Squeezing - for Augmentation of papilla). If interdental papilla is lost due to periodontal disease, ELSA techniques can regenerate interdental papilla very efficiently.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.74-82
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• 2017

Localized corrosions damages in their structural sections can be occurred affected by installed environment conditions with high temperature as near the coastline and humidity or their poor maintenance situation. In bearing supports of steel bridges, especially, lower web and vertical stiffener in end girder support can be easily corroded because of relatively higher humidity due to the narrow space in the end of girder and the wetted accumulated sediments affected by rain water or antifreezing admixture leaked from expansion joint. It can be related to change in their structural performance. In this study, thus, bearing strength test specimens were fabricated considering corrosion damage in the web and vertical stiffeners and the change in their bearing strengths were experimentally evaluated. From the test results, localized corrosion damage of structural members in the end girder affected the bearing strength of end girder support, especially, localized corrosion damage of the vertical stiffener relatively highly affected their bearing strengths.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.95-102
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• 2012

We studied in order to find out suitable amounts of board by visual effects to establish indoor boards and human psychological effects by several board designs. Thirty students of C university were tested in constant temperature/humidity room and interviewed after tests. The experimental visual images were projected from 54' TV. As a result, the board length that showed high preference and satisfaction was the 90cm both horizontal and vertical direction. We found that vertical board gave an impression of a linear and narrow shape and the horizontal board gave wide space and cool feeling from psychological analytical study. The factors affecting satisfaction in horizontal direction were refreshing, intimacy, beauty, area, splendor and those in vertical direction were a sense of security, beauty, texture, intimacy, continuity, extensity, natural feeling. We got 5 factors from the result of factor analysis in order to get psychological factor axis. Those were pleasantness, artificiality, openness, dynamics, refinement. By multiple regression analysis, the factor pleasantness had the highest impact on visual satisfaction on scenary. The study on psychological factor difference by analysis of variance showed that psychologically feeling amount about pleasantness, artificiality, dynamics, refinement, and openness had statistically meaningful difference despite of board direction. We found that the 90cm had a tendency as a changing point leading image change by the investigative analysis of board direction based on factor points.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.21-28
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• 2022

Focusing on the creation of a new han ok, especially a mid-rise hybrid-structured Han-ok, this study proposes a middle-rise (four-story) Han-ok on one and two lots located in Seoun-dong, the existing Han-ok intensive housing site in downtown Cheongju. 1) In terms of layout and function, according to the existing L-shaped Han-ok corresponding to the road and the direction, the parking lots and shops on the 1st floor, the business facility on the 2nd floor, the Han-ok on the 3rd and 4th floors are placed. There are yards, open roof yards, and semi-open Daecheong(大廳, main hall), which can be shared by residents. 2) In terms of structure and form, one or two floors (some 3 floors) are 5.4m square and 5.4×6.6m modules of the RC(Reinforced Concrete) group, and the upper floor reflects the 2.7m module, size and shape of the existing Han-ok. By extending the outer wall of the RC group in the lower floors (1st to 3rd floors) to the wooden exterior of the upper floors (2nd to 4th floors), it is attempted to avoid the awkward appearance of the RC group being exposed to wooden structures. And it is also attempted to reflect the wooden shape and design elements through the elevation elements such as horizontal windows, corner windows, picture frames, and vertical slits. 3) In environmental control and facilities, it is attempted to smooth the ventilation of the building by forming a vertical upward airflow from the dark space of the low floor to the positive of the upper floor. This doubles the effect through a vertical rise of cold air generated in a narrow alleyway, piloti parking lot, and the various voids. In addition to the Daecheong and Numaru(loft) of Han ok, the rooftop yard, the terrace, and the balcony, horizontal natural ventilation is generated through divided doors and transom windows.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.190-197
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of space design appearing in facade and interior composition factors of buildings in the colonial period in Indonesia. Research method is a field study, and subjects of the study is 14 buildings built in the colonial period located in Jakarta. The research result is as follows. First, Facade is divided into C type (colonial style), CT type (colonial style + traditional style), CA type (colonial style + art deco style), and CTA type (colonial style + traditional style + art deco style). Among them, CT type which shows both a colonial style and traditional style accounts for the most. As for Java traditional style mainly shows Joglo roof style and bratticing decoration on top of gates, and the colonial style presents both an Amsterdam canal housing style such as narrow Facade and unusual Gable, and a classical style such as pediment, entablature, and columns. Second, interior space is divided into C type (colonial style), CT type (colonial style + Indonesian traditional style), A type (art deco style), and CA type (colonial style + art deco style). Among them, CT type was also accounted for the most. Selected traditional style is a shape of bratticing decoration on top of gates and a shape of tenon of Joglo housing structure. Colonial style showed classical style such as exposed crossbeams, columns, and pilasters, and as for unique decoration, there are Ancona decoration and Delft tile decoration. On one hand, art deco style used typical art deco factors such as contrast of various materials and complementary color or golden color use as well as zigzag or vertical lines and geometric ornament by combining with colonial style or traditional style. It is expected that such research result will be a practical reference data when Korean construction companies or interior design companies advance Indonesia.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.6 no.3 s.13
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• pp.129-143
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• 1997

The perspective representation and its effect that appeared in the tombs and mural paintings of koguryo are summarized as follows: First, The inside structure of the tombs is likely to show the deepness effect, placing each function in the front and both sides centering around the mane pillars and creating the boundaries and the spaces that have various visibility between the inside and outside spaces of the structure just like a traditional Korean house shows. In addition, The deepness effect is emphasized by suggesting that the spaces are countinued with a storage attached behind the main house or by forming the level and deployment in a narrow space like the scene that a large array is looked out from the main house. Second, The deepness effect is expressed by making the form of ceiling turn to a vertical space of an ascending image, constructing it just as the lotus lamp ceiling of a wooden architecture or drawing it just like the imaginary heavenly world with the sun the moon and mythical fairies and animals spread in it. Thried, The perspective effect is disclosed by drawing the mural pictures in an equally set bird's-eye view without regard to the disfance proportion according to the conceptual visualization which is not a visual penetration, adopting the multiple view points and moving view points that are moving around as an important manner of seeing. Fourth, The deepness effect is emphasized through the scene of changing spaces when they are looked out far or looked into depending on a viewpoint of the daily life by forming the fromes of paintings that we made up with actual pillars, Du Gong, crossbeams or that are painted in most tombs. Fifth, The rich spatial senses are reflected by originating the characters of the three directions, level, deployment and ascending. An example which can support the conclusion of this study can be given here. that is, the construction ground plan of a dwelling house of a nobleman at the end of Koguryo as a remain which was excavated at Dongdae Ja in Jip An.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.110-116
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• 2009

This study is related with fire risk assessment for fire and smoke spread of double skin facade system by use of FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) which is a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of fire-driven fluid flow. For the study, fire scenario is intended to evaluate the impact of a fire spread for glazed office building. The major purpose of this study is to analyze the fire risk depending on the width of between inner skin and outer skin and to present fire prevention method regarding double skin facade system. The result of analysis presents fire spread more vertically as intermediate space becomes narrow. It is anticipated that fire can spread upper 2 stories above the fire floor if intermediate space with not more than 1m width. Therefore, prevention of vertical fire spread is required.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.19-26
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• 2017

When narrowly excavated in the urban area, the wall of backfill space is not only symmetrical but also asymmetrical. In this case, the horizontal stress induced by backfilling depends mostly on the wall asymmetry and the wall friction angle. Therefore, in this study, the model test in the laboratory was conducted to investigate horizontal earth pressure with depth considering various boundary conditions such as base width, wall friction, relative density of backfill, and wall angle. As the wall is smoother and wall angle is lower from the bottom, the results showed higher the horizontal stresses due to the increase of vertical stresses.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.34-40
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• 2004

The effects of external flow excitation with various frequencies and amplitudes on the flame behavior and pollution emission characteristics from a laminar jet flame are experimentally investigated. Measurements of $NO_x$ emission indices ($EINO_x$), performed in vertical lifted flame like turbulent with various exciting amplitude at a constant resonance frequency, have been conducted. It was also conducted to investigate the effects of excited frequency at a constant exciting amplitude on $NO_x$ emissions with a various frequency ranged 0 Hz to 2 KHz. From the vertical lifted turbulent flame of the excited jet with resonance frequency by strong excitation was shown that the dependence of $NO_x$ emission could be categorized into three groups Group I of long flame length with high disturbances yielding high $NO_x$ emission, Group II of intermediate flame length and relative narrow flame volume with low disturbance yielding low $NO_x$ emission and Group III of long flame length and large flame volume with high time ＆ space disturbances behaviour yielding high $NO_x$ emission.