• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2018

PURPOSES : In this study, the propriety of expansion joint spacing of airport concrete pavement was examined by using weather and material characteristics. METHODS : A finite element model for simulating airport concrete pavement was developed and blowup occurrence due to temperature increase was analyzed. The critical temperature causing the expansion of concrete slab and blow up at the expansion joint was calculated according to the initial vertical displacement at the joint. The amount of expansion that can occur in the concrete slab for 20 years of design life was calculated by summing the expansion and contraction by temperature, alkali-silica reaction, and drying shrinkage. The effective expansion of pavement section between adjacent expansion joints was calculated by subtracting the effective width of expansion joint from the summation of the expansion of the pavement section. The temperature change causing the effective expansion of pavement section was also calculated. The effective expansion equivalent temperature change was compared to the critical temperature, which causes the blowup, according to expansion joint spacing to verify the propriety of expansion joint applied to the airport concrete pavement. RESULTS : When an initial vertical displacement of the expansion joint was 3mm or less, the blowup never occurred for 300m of joint spacing which is used in Korean airports currently. But, there was a risk of blow-up when an initial vertical displacement of the expansion joint was 5mm or more due to the weather or material characteristics. CONCLUSIONS : It was confirmed that the intial vertical displacement at the expansion joint could be managed below 3mm from the previous research results. Accordingly it was concluded that the 300m of current expansion joint spacing of Korean airports could be used without blowup by controling the alkali-silica reaction below its allowable limit.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2007

With the rapid changes in healthcare system, the impact on healthcare design is significant and constantly changed. Because of emergence of new technology, far-advanced methods of healthcare delivery, and changing social and environmental issues, the healthcare planners and architects have to make sure that future expansion are taken into consideration when they design the hospitals. This thesis aims to investigate the hospital remodeling cases in Korea and USA and find the solutions for the vertical expansion of the hospitals in the metropolitan area where the buildings may be limited to be horizontally expanded. The M Cancer center in Manhattan, NY is selected to be carefully investigated and analyzed. Based on this analysis, the strategy for the vertical expansion of the hospital will be suggested.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.800-806
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• 2011

Thermal expansion which occurs at the high speed rail joint is proportional to the free length from the point of fixity. This thermal expansion behaves similar to free expansion because the girder longitudinal stiffness is much larger than longitudinal resistance of rail pads. But the longitudinal displacement in the long rail is nominal because the longitudinal support condition of the girder is normally MFM(movable-fix-movable) system. Due to these girder expansion characteristics, there is longitudinal relative displacement at the rail pad and rail fastener spring which connects rail and girder. If the relative displacement between rail and girder is beyond the elastic limit for the rail pad, rail fastener system shall be applied using sliding fastener to prevent rail pad damage and fastener separation resulting from slip. On the other hand, train vertical vibration and tilting can occur due to the lack of fastener vertical force if the sliding fastener is applied at the girder joint. In the high speed rail bridge, vibration can occur due to the spring stiffness of the elastomeric bearing, also both vertical downward and upward displacement can occur. The elastomeric bearing vertical movement can cause rail displacement and finally the stability of the ballast is reduced because the gravel movement is induced.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2023

기존 신축이음장치 교체 시간을 절감하고, 차선별 부분교체가 가능하도록 보수성을 개선한 신축이음장치 시스템(HRS)에 대하여 실물규모의 수직하중 피로시험과 윤하중 성능실험을 수행하여 내구성을 평가하였다. 수직하중 피로시험결과 레일형 신축이음장치의 최대응력은 170 Mpa이며, 이는 HRS 신축이음장치레일의 항복강도 355MPa의 약 47.8% 수준이다. 보수성을 개선한 HRS 신축이음장치의 수직하중 피로시험은 도로교설계기준에 따라 재하판의 크기와 하중을 설정하였고, 200만회 수직하중 피로시험과 윤하중 성능실험에 있어서 파괴거동을 나타내지 않았으며 그 내구성과 안전성을 확인하였다.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.283-289
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• 2004

According to continuos welded rails on a bridge, temperature changes bring about the expansion of the bridge deck adding axil forces on the track. Moreover, the ballast on the bridge deck expansion joint is moved due to the bridge deck. If bridge decks are longer, the influence is greater, loosening ballast, causing track irregularities, and deteriorating passengers' comfort. Considering structure of bridge itself and tolerance of track irregularities caused by the loosened ballast on bridges, the maximum length of a deck should be less than 80m, which is the same as the standard of the French railway. In this study, an interaction between the expansion related to the bridge length and irregularity in longitudinal level referring to measurements and maintenance works performed in the high-speed railways was analyzed. This research shows that installation of sliding plate or vertical ballast stopper is not a good option since it is difficult to install. On the other hand, installation of movable fastener or gluing is easy but its influence is insignificant. To conclude, switch tie tamping or manual tamping is more effective than others.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2012년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.534-542
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• 2012

Vertical closed-loop ground source heat pump systems(GSHP) have been installed widely in Korea since it can extract moderate temperature level of geothermal heat in a small area. As a ground heat exchanger, a vertical closed-loop type with brine circulation is mostly preferred since it is simple and less harmful to ground environment. However, it requires a secondary heat exchange loop between the refrigerant in a heat pump and the brine. By adding a geothermal heat exchanger in the secondary heat exchange loop, circulation pumps should be attached and the temperature difference between refrigerant and ground is increased, which are important parts of performance degradation. In this paper, annual and seasonal performances of direct expansion(DX) geothermal heat pump were estimated mathematically as an alternative of classical indirect geothermal heat pump based on the annual performance evaluation. As a result, DX geothermal heat pump showed 43% higher annual performance than the classical U-tube geothermal heat pump.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.114-122
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• 2012

Vertical closed-loop ground source heat pump systems(GSHP) have been installed widely in Korea since it can extract moderate temperature level of geothermal heat in a small area. As a ground heat exchanger, a vertical closed -loop type with brine circulation is mostly preferred since it is simple and less harmful to ground environment. However, it requires a secondary heat exchange loop between the refrigerant in a heat pump and the brine. By adding a geothermal heat exchanger in the secondary heat exchange loop, circulation pumps should be attached and the temperature difference between refrigerant and ground is increased, which are important parts of performance degradation. In this paper, annual and seasonal performances of direct expansion(DX) geothermal heat pump were estimated mathematically as an alternative of classical indirect geothermal heat pump based on the annual performance evaluation. As results, DX geothermal heat pump showed 43% higher annual performance than the classical U-tube geothermal heat pump.

• 한국가정과학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.35-48
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• 2004

In this study, by determining lower limb movements which cause significant changes in body surface lines, body parts with the greatest maximum expansion and contraction rate respectively were illustrated in descending order. Using unmarried female university students aged 18 - 24 as subjects, a total of 32 body surface categories (15 body surface lines and 17 body surface segment lines) were measured in one static and 9 movement poses. In particular, expansion and contraction levels and rates were measured and used in the analysis. The analysis first involved the calculation of the average measurement per body part in body surface line in static pose as well as of the average expansion and contraction levels and rates in 9 lower limb movements. Two-way MANOVA and multiple comparison analysis (Tukey) were conducted on movements and individual somatotypes regarding measurement per body part and expansion and contraction rates. Movements which cause measurements of body surface lines differed significantly in body surface line in static pose versus in movement were then identified. Among average expansion and contraction rates in such movements, maximum average expansion and contraction levels, maximum average expansion and contraction rate, and classes of expansion and contraction rate were determined per body part. The results of this study are as follows. First, 5 lower limb movements; F2, F5, F6, F7, F8, which caused significant changes in body surface lines were determined and illustrated in table 4. Second, the levels, rates, and classes of expansion and contraction rate per body part are illustrated in Tables 5 and 6. Body parts with the greatest maximum expansion rate were, in descending order: upper segment of center back leg line, upper segment of inner leg line, middle segment of center front leg line, posterior crotch length, anterior knee girth, anterior thigh girth, center back leg line, girth at crotch height, anterior midway thigh girth, hip girth, anterior crotch length, knee girth, waist girth, inner leg line, thigh girth, and crotch length. Those with the greatest maximum contraction rate were, in descending order: anterior crotch length, upper segment of center front leg line, lower segment of center back leg line, center front leg line, and posterior thigh girth. The maximum expansion rates and maximum contraction rates, which ranged from 2.05 to $35.95\%$ and from -0.20 to $-30.16\%$ respectively, were classified per body part into 4 ABCD classes. The body part with maximum expansion was the upper segment of the center back leg line at vertical body surface line, expanding by $35.95\%$ or 16.03cm in F5 flexion movement. In contrast, the body part with maximum contraction was the anterior crotch length at vertical body surface line, contracting by $-30.16\%$ or -10.54cm in F5 flexion movement. Both, however, were the body parts to expand or contract the most among all horizontal and vertical body surface lines.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.194-199
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• 2010

Based on the idea of eigen-mode expansion, a method to analyze the reflection of Lamb wave from a finite vertical discontinuity of plate is theoretically derived and verified by experiment. The theoretical prediction is in good agreement with the experimental result, and this strongly suggests that eigen-mode expansion method could be used for solution of inverse scattering problem for ultrasonic testing using Lamb wave.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 최근 도심지에서 발생하고 있는 지반함몰에 대하여 팽창재료를 이용한 긴급복구공법을 적용하고 이러한 공법의 적합성을 수치해석적으로 판단하고자 한다. 수치해석에 적용된 팽창재료의 특성을 평가하기 위하여 실내실험을 수행하였다. 실험으로 구한 팽창특성을 반영하여 다양한 공동 형상(직사각형 단면을 가지는 공동에 대하여 다양한 높이와 폭 조합)에 대하여 팽창재료를 적용하였을 경우 팽창재료 및 지반 거동을 평가하였다. 해석 결과, 공동의 상단과 하단의 연직변위는 공동의 높이보다는 공동의 폭에 큰 영향을 받으며, 공동 측면부의 수평변위는 공동 폭 보다는 공동의 높이의 영향을 많이 받는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 팽창압이 작용하였을 경우 도로상부 표층의 수직변위량은 공동의 높이보다는 공동의 폭에 큰 영향을 받는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.