• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권7호
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• pp.2174-2183
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• 2021

Helium cooled solid breeder blanket as an important blanket candidate of the Tokamak fusion reactor uses ceramic pebble bed for tritium breeding. Considering the poor effective thermal conductivity of the ceramic breeder pebble bed, thin structure of tritium breeder pebble bed is usually adopted in the blanket design. The container wall has a great influence on the thin pebble bed packing structure, especially for the assembly of mono-sized particles, and thin pebble bed will appear anisotropic effective thermal conductivity phenomenon. In this paper, thin ceramic pebble beds composed of 1 mm diameter Li₄SiO₄ particles are generated by the EDEM 2.7. The effective thermal conductivity of different thickness pebble beds in the three-dimensional directions are analyzed by three-dimensional thermal network method. It is observed that thin Li₄SiO₄ pebble bed showing anisotropic effective thermal conductivity under the practical design size. Normally, the effective thermal conductivity along the bed vertical direction is higher than the horizontal direction due to the gravity effect. As the thickness increases from 10 mm to 40 mm, the effective thermal conductivity of the pebble bed gradually increases.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2022

When a vehicle is driven off a road surface, the deformations of the road surface and tire are combined. Consequently, the dynamic behavior of wheel movement becomes difficult to predict and control. Herein, we propose a tire test bed to capture the dynamic behavior of tires moving on sand and soil. Based on this study, it is discovered that the slip rate can be controlled, and the vertical force can be measured using a load cell. The test results show that this test bed can be useful for capturing the dynamic behavior of the tire and validating dynamic simulations. In fact, the tire test bed developed in this study can be used to verify the results of computer simulations. In addition, it can be used for basic experiments pertaining to the speed control of unmanned autonomous vehicles.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.258-265
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• 2009

농어촌 등에서 소규모로 발생하는 하수처리를 위한 환경 친화형 자연정화공법인 인공습지 하수처리장 개발을 위하여 수직흐름조(VF)-수평흐름조(HF) 인공습지 시스템을 수직흐름조는 현행 단일 통풍 구조에서 이중 통풍 구조로, 수평흐름조는 깊이를 현행 1.0 m에서 1.3 m로 하여 체적은 같으면서 표면적을 줄여 시공한 다음, 수직흐름조 통풍방법별, 수평흐름조 깊이별 및 하수부하량에 따른 수처리 효율을 조사하였다. 수직흐름조 통풍 방법에 따른 수처리 효율을 조사한 결과 BOD 및 COD는 이중 통풍형 구조가 단일 통풍형 구조에 비해 높은 처리효율을 보였다. 하지만 총 질소와 총 인은 두통풍형 구조 모두 큰 차이 없이 유사한 결과를 보였다. 따라서 수직흐름조의 최적 통풍방법은 이중통풍형 구조이었다. 수평흐름조 깊이에 따른 수처리 효율을 조사한 결과 BOD, COD, 총 질소 및 총 인 함량은 수평흐름조 깊이에 따라 별차이가 없었지만, 수평흐름조 깊이 1.3 m의 경우 인공습지 하수처리장의 시공시 부지면적을 감소시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단되므로 깊이 1.0 m에 비해 경제성과 유지관리면에서 바람직할 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 수평흐름조의 최적 깊이는 1.3 m이었다. 농어촌 지역에서 소규모로 발생하는 하수의 하수부하 변동에 대한 대응성을 조사하기 위하여 하수부하량에 따른 수처리 효율을 조사한 결과 BOD처리율은 하수부하량이 적을수록 약간 높았으며, COD 및 SS는 하수부하량에 따라서 별 차이가 없었고, 동일한 하수부하량에서는 이중 통풍형 공법이 대조구인 단일 통풍형 공법에 비해 높은 처리효율을 보였다. 총 질소 및 총 인 처리효율도 하수부하량이 증가함에 따라 처리효율이 점점 감소되는 경향이었고, 동일한 부하량에서는 이중 통풍형 공법이 단일 통풍형 공법에 비해 처리율이 약간 높았다. 따라서 하수처리장 공법별 및 하수부하량에서의 하수처리효율과 경제성 및 유지 관리비를 고려해볼 때 농어촌 등에서 소규모로 발생하는 하수를 효과적으로 처리하기 위한 인공습지 하수처리장은 수직흐름조 통풍방법이 이중 통풍형 구조이며 수평흐름조의 깊이가 1.3 m인 이중 통풍형 공법이 되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.311-312
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• 2002

In this paper a systematic design approach to determine the optimum size (height) of circulating fluidized bed heat exchanger for exhaust gas heat recovery is prososed. Unlike the convensional heat exchangers where the length of the heat exchanger section is not very much emphasized, the vertical length of heat exchanger tube in the case of fluidized bed heat exchangers is important because this length determines the time interval during which particles reside and transfer heat in the heat exchanger section. For particles initial conditions are nearly stationary, accelerating particles motion should be considered rather than simply assuming fully developed condition. A way to estimate optimum tube length at different fluid velocity and particle sizes is suggested based on the required conditioning time for heat transfer from the flue gas to solid particles.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.128-135
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• 2013

The nuclear fuel cycle plant is composed of various subsystems such as a fuel storage and delivery system (SDS), a tokamak exhaust processing system, a hydrogen isotope separation system, and a tritium plant analytical system. Korea is sharing in the construction of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) fuel cycle plant with the EU, Japan, and the US, and is responsible for the development and supply of the SDS. Hydrogen isotopes are the main fuel for nuclear fusion reactors. Metal hydrides offer a safe and convenient method for hydrogen isotope storage. The storage of hydrogen isotopes is carried out by absorption and desorption in a metal hydride bed. These reactions require heat removal and supply respectively. Accordingly, the rapid storage and delivery of hydrogen isotopes are enabled by a rapid cooling and heating of the metal hydride bed. In this study, we designed and manufactured a vertical-type hydrogen isotope storage bed, which is used to enhance the cooling performance. We present the experimental details of the cooling performances of the bed using various cooling parameters. We also present the modeling results to estimate the heat transport phenomena. We compared the cooling performance of the bed by testing different cooling modes, such as an isolation mode, a natural convection mode, and an outer jacket helium circulation mode. We found that helium circulation mode is the most effective which was confirmed in our model calculations. Thus we can expect a more efficient bed design by employing a forced helium circulation method for new beds.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1139-1145
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• 2013

Machine tools are the cores of industrial development in recent period. It is difficult to develop a system which can do cutting and grinding process in the one system. Hybrid Vertical Grinding System is capable of processing in a single apparatus cutting or grinding. The modal analysis and structural analysis for the development of Hybrid Vertical Grinding System is the first time of domestic work. This paper describes the technologies of Hybrid Vertical grinding machine and intend to introduce the studies in the development of the Hybrid Vertical Grinding System.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.89-96
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• 1994

This study is to develop a new composite material, a mixture of epoxy resin and granite aggergates which is called Expoxy-Granite, to overcome the inherent disadvantages of conventional materials commonly used as a bed structure material of long-term dimensional/ thermal stability. Under the various manufacturing conditions which could be formulated through experimental investigation, we have constructed 6 kinds of Epoxy-Granite structure models having one fifth the size of the ultra-precision machine tool bed structure. They are compared with cast iron and pure granite models through the dynamic test and the thermal deformation test. Both in the steel ball dropping test and in the forced vibration test, three types of epoxy-granite models made in this study have shown much better dynamic characteristics than the cast iron model and almost the same characteristics as compared with the pure granite model. In the thermal deformation test the above composite materials have also represented lower thermal displacements in the vertical direction of each model as compared with other specimens. It is therefore seen that the epoxy-granite complsite material can be applied to the construction of high-precision machine tool bed, instead of cast iron or pure granite.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to investigate the biofilm reactors capable of doing high efficiency treatment. Vertical fluidized bed biofilm reactor(VFBBR) and spiral fluidized bed biofilm reactor(SFBBR) was used for their performence in biodegradation of artificial sewage. The factors influencing the efficiency of those reactors were compared with difference of physical condition. They had same size but different structure to gain access of its unique characteristics. When recycle solution with flow rate of 22 mL/min and artificial sewage with flow rate of 2~10 mL/min were fed into two reactors in aerobic state, the average $COD_{cr}$, removal rate for biodegradation of SFBBR was greater than VFBBR. After reactor feed sewage was constantly maintained as flow rate of 4 mL/min and the recycle solution were changed to 10~32 mL/min respectively, the average $COD_{cr}$ removal rate of artificial sewage in SFBBR was greater than VFBBR. In this experiment for addition of support media into two reactors SFBBR was 4.1% excellent than VFBBR. Above all, SFBBR excelled VFBBR in boidegradation of organic matter in sewage.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.678-686
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 내경 0.3 m, 높이 2.4 m인 기-고 유동층 반응기 내에서 수직 방향의 내부 구조물과 shroud 노즐 분산판이 기포 흐름에 미치는 영향을 CPFD (Computational Particle-Fluid Dynamics)를 이용하여 모델링을 수행하였다. 층 물질로는 Metal-grade 실리콘 입자(MG-Si)가 사용되었으며 $d_p=149{\mu}m$, ${\rho}_p=2,325kg/m^3$, $U_{mf}=0.02m/s$이다. 전체 층물질의 양은 75 kg이며 정적층(static bed) 높이는 0.8 m이다. 수직 내부 구조물이 기포 상승속도에 미치는 영향을 파악하였다. 내부 구조물이 분산판으로부터 0.45 m 높이에 설치되었을 때 기포의 분쇄가 일어났다. 유동층의 압력강하 및 수직 고체체류량 분포는 내부 구조물의 영향을 크게 받지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 내부 구조물이 제트에 너무 가까운 경우 기포가 분쇄되지 않고 내부 구조물을 우회하여 상승하였으며 내부 구조물이 없는 경우나 0.45 m 높이에 설치된 경우에 비해 더 빠른 속도로 상승하였다.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.93-106
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• 1987

Nowadays natural resources on shore have been almost exhausted all over the world and mankind is beginning searching for unexploited resources on the bed of deep-sea floor. In exploring mineral resources and etc. in the ground of sea-bed, a sumbersible craft is one of the most important tools. These days, the stage of the technique of building and operating an exploring submersible craft is almost alike that of building and operating an airplane in the first years of the nineteen-twenties. At the present time, the problems arising in building and operating a submersible craft can be divided into four parts as follows; 1. How to build a hull that can bear high pressure under deep sea level. 2. How to decide the necessary facilities to be put on it. 3. How to decide the scope of stabilities and maneuvering characteristics of it. 4. On what sea conditions, the devices of launching and recovering it should be designed on the mother-ship. In this paper treating one of the third problems the author made a mathematic formula that can be useful in deciding the scope of dynamic course stability on the vertical plane and actually calculated the onset speed of pitch instability of an exploring craft. With the above mentioned calculations the author demonstrated that the value of $Z_g$ and the speed of a submerged craft are the most important factors in decideing the scope of dynamic stability on the vertical plane.