• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.326-329
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• 2002

Adequate alveolar bone height and width are required for the successful placement of dental implants. Conventional therapeutic regimens for alveolar atrophy are bone grafts or augmentation using allografts and membrane (GBR). Conventional graft techniques have some limitations and complications such as infection, soft tissue problem and high resorption rate. Recently, distraction osteogenesis of alveolar bone is considered as a new alternative for ridge augmentation. Distraction osteogenesis was originally defined and popularized by Ilizarov for lengthening of long bone. Some clinicians have tried to apply distraction osteogenesis in treatment of maxillofacial discrepancies. It was also used to augment alveolar bone. Cologne study group successfully applied the technique for augmentation of alveolar bone and designed several miniplate-distractor systems fabricated by Martin Medizintechnik GmbH in Germany. Vertical distraction of alveolar bone was successfully completed in 104 patients with miniplate-distractor systems. The mean distance of distraction was 10.2mm (range: 6-15 mm) and the mean length of segment was 45 mm (range: 6-127 mm). 162 dental implants in 54 patients were placed immediately or 4 weeks later after removal of the distractor. The results of our study show that vertical distraction of alveolar bone is an effective and reliable technique to restore alveolar atrophy and alveolar vertical defect caused by trauma or tumor.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.2-12
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• 2017

The aim of this narrative review is to describe treatment options for the posterior regions of the mandible and the maxilla, comparing short implants vs. longer implants in an augmented bone. The dental literature was screened for treatment options enabling the placement of dental implants in posterior sites with a reduced vertical bone height in the maxilla and the mandible. Short dental implants have been increasingly used recently, providing a number of advantages including reduced patient morbidity, shorter treatment time, and lower costs. In the posterior maxilla, sinus elevation procedures were for long considered to be the gold standard using various bone substitute materials and rendering high implant survival rates. More recently, implants were even placed without any further use of bone substitute materials, but the long-term outcomes have yet to be documented. Vertical bone augmentation procedures in the mandible require a relatively high level of surgical skill and allow the placement of standard-length dental implants by the use of autogenous bone blocks. Both treatment options, short dental implants, and standard-length implants in combination with vertical bone augmentation procedures, appear to result in predictable outcomes in terms of implant survival rates. According to recent clinical studies comparing the therapeutic options of short implants vs. long implants in augmented bone, the use of short dental implants leads to a number of advantages for the patients and the clinician.

• 대한치주과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.18-18
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• 2001

• 대한치주과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.9-10
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• 2003

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.276-282
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• 2008

Objective: This is to report the efficacy of the sandwich technique for bone augmentation in a moderate atrophic posterior mandible through clinical and histological results in two cases. Subjects and Method: Two patients selected had moderate bone resorption in left lower edentulous area. Sandwich osteotomy using the piezosurgery was performed and the osteomized alveolar segments were elevated by 6mm in each two patients. The interpositional mineral allograft materials were inserted in the atrophic posterior mandibles. After four months healing period, bone biopsies in the grafted areas and placement of dental implants were performed. In both cases, panoramic views were taken preoperatively to measure the alveolar bone height for diagnosis, to monitor patient healing, and to evaluate bone healing and bone gain. Results: Sufficient vertical bone height was gained by using the sandwich technique and implants were placed successfully. In radiological evaluation, there was minimal resorption of bone height after the second operation and in histomorphometric evaluation, they showed favorable new bone formation without inflammation in the grafted areas. Conclusion: The sandwich technique can be an effective choice for augmenting vertical bone height in the atrophic mandible. More of cases and long term follow-up are needed to evaluate bone resorption and implant prognosis.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.305-323
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine breast shape and ratio of breast enlargement women prior to development of breast enlargement patient's bra. Background: Although there are many previous studies on women's breast that did not undergo breast augmentation surgery, no studies have examined the breast type and proportion of women with breast augmentation. Method: In this study, we analyzed ratios and angles with photographs taken before and after breast augmentation on the frontal and lateral views of the breast, UPF and projection were analyzed too. We also compared the pre-operative and post-operative rates with those of previous breast studies, as well as the post-operative breast types for the desirable breast types. Results: The length and width of the breast base and the height of the breast projection increased after the operation. The rate of increase in width is larger than the vertical distance in the breast base, and the rate of increase in height of the projection is larger than the increase in the width. Specifically, in the vertical distance, the rate of increase in the lower portion is larger than that in the upper portion. In the width, the rate of increase on the inside is larger than that on the outside. Conclusion: The angles of the static relationship with the projection increased and the angles of the minor relation decreased. The changes in the size of the breast were visually observed in the overlapping of the triangle shape before and after the surgery. The changes were composed of the line connecting the angle and the measurement points. The pre-operative upper pole fullness (UPF) was mostly 0 and - 1, but after the surgery, +1, 0, -1, +2 were distributed, while post-operative levels of projection were distributed in the order of level 3> level 1> level 2. In comparison with the desirable breast type, it was found that the anatomical type was a more natural breast type than the round type of implant. Application: These results can be useful as basic data for the breast analysis of breast enlargement patients and their bra patterns.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.351-356
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• 2019

Maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA) is an essential procedure for implant installation in the posterior maxillary area with vertical alveolar bone deficiency. For the past several decades, MSFA has been refined in terms of surgical methods along with technical progress, accumulation of clinical studies, and development of graft materials and surgical instruments. Although some complications in MSFA are inevitable in clinical situations, management of those complications in MSFA has been well established thanks to many clinicians and researchers. Nevertheless, some rare complications may arise and can result in fatal results. Therefore, clinicians should be well aware of such rare situations and complications associated with MSFA. In this review, the authors present several rare complications regarding MSFA, along with corresponding management strategies through a thorough review of the literature.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.647-653
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• 2007

Rapid crestal bone resorption following maxillary tooth loss is further accentuated in the posterior regions because of pneumatization and enlargement of the maxillary sinuses. A treatment rationale that allows preservation and augmentation of vertical available bone at the time of posterior maxil-lary tooth extraction may offer numerous therapeutic benefits which are more short courses of ther-apy and no needs of additional surgical augmentation. The present study comprised 3 patients who had 4 posterior maxillary teeth with no evident bone between the tooth apex and sinus floor, as estimated through preoperative radiographic analysis. Sinus floor augmentation at the time of tooth extraction was chosen for the ltreatment of these patients. After the tooth was carefully extracted, the empty alveolus was thoroughly debrided and a trephine approach was performed. Particulated autogenous bone was gently pushed beyond the empty alveolus to elevate the sinus membrane using an osteotome. The distance between bone crest and si-nus floor was radiographically estimated 4 months after the first procedure. Another procedure was then carried out to place the implants of 11 mm length without another augmentation procedure. All implant were clinically stable, with no sign of infection. The presented surgical procedure performed at the time of extraction of posterior maxillary teeth in close proximity to the sinus floor allowed placement of implants of proper length.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2014

Satellite Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS) provide ionospheric corrections at geographically five degree-spaced Ionospheric Grid Points (IGPs) and confidence bounds, called Grid Ionospheric Vertical Errors (GIVEs), on the error of those corrections. Since the ionosphere is one of the largest error sources which may threaten the safety of a single frequency Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) user, the ionospheric correction and integrity bound algorithm is essential for the development of SBAS. The current single frequency based SBAS, already deployed or being developed, implement the ionospheric correction and error bounding algorithm of the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) developed for use in the United States. However, the ionospheric condition is different for each region and it could greatly degrade the performance of SBAS if its regional characteristics are not properly treated. Therefore, this paper discusses key factors that should be taken into consideration in the development of the ionospheric correction and integrity bound algorithm optimized for the Korean SBAS. The main elements of the conventional GIVE monitor algorithm are firstly reviewed. Then, this paper suggests several areas which should be investigated to improve the availability of the Korean SBAS by decreasing the GIVE value.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.462-465
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• 2012

Horizontal and vertical ridge augmentation with implant placement was performed, using a block type of autogenous tooth bone graft in a 37-year old male patient. This material was very useful for the case of severe alveolar bone resorption of a single tooth. After 13 months, excellent bony healing was obtained and final restoration was performed successfully.