• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.60-67
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• 2011

가시광 무선 통신은 반도체로 제조된 LED (light emitted diode)의 발광을 제어하여 데이터를 송신하고, 수광 소자인 PD (photo diode)를 통하여 데이터를 수신하는 차세대 무선통신 기술이다. 가시광 무선 통신 시스템의 전송 능력은 LED의 발광 세기, PD의 수신 감도, 송수신기 간의 거리 및 송수신기가 이루는 수신각에 의해 결정된다. 특히, 수신기의 수직적 및 수평적 이동에 따라 송수신기가 거리와 수신각의 변화가 발생하고, 이러한 변화는 수신기의 수신 감도에 영향을 주어 시스템의 전송 능력이 저하될 수 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 실내 가시광 무선 통신 시스템에서 LED AP (access point)의 통신 영역 내 수신 광도에 따른 위치별 수신 광도 특성화 곡선과 주기적으로 측정된 단말기의 수신 광도 변화를 비교하는 특징을 가진 단말기의 위치와 수신각 추정 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안 알고리즘에 대한 성능 분석을 위해 모의실험을 수행하였고, 그 결과 수신 광도 정보를 이용한 위치 및 수신각 추정이 가시광 무선통신 시스템의 성능을 향상 시킬 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2010

The rapid growth in communication technology has led to the development of effective ways of sharing ideas and information in the form of speech and images. Understanding this information has become an important research issue and drawn the attention of many researchers. Text in a digital image contains much important information regarding the scene. Detecting and extracting this text is a difficult task and has many challenging issues. The main challenges in extracting text from natural scene images are the variation in the font size, alignment of text, font colors, illumination changes, and reflections in the images. In this paper, we propose a connected component based method to automatically detect the text region in natural images. Since text regions in mages contain mostly repetitions of vertical strokes, we try to find a pattern of closely packed vertical edges. Once the group of edges is found, the neighboring vertical edges are connected to each other. Connected regions whose geometric features lie outside of the valid specifications are considered as outliers and eliminated. The proposed method is more effective than the existing methods for slanted or curved characters. The experimental results are given for the validation of our approach.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.171-175
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• 2020

The present and future cities are expanding, and the noise and environmental pollution in cities are getting worse day by day, causing saturation of road and subway traffic. As a result, citizens are spending a great deal of time and money. The use of the sky as a measure to solve this problem has become a reality. However, airplanes that require airstrips and noisy helicopters are difficult to use in cities. As a solution, PAVs and UAMs that generate low noise and enable vertical takeoff and landing using electric energy, motor, hybrid, and hydrogen energy, are attracting attention, with its practicality being promoted in many countries. The development of urban environment and technology has led to the emergence of Personal Air Vehicle (PAV), Vertical Takeoff and Landing (eVTOL), and Urban Air Mobility (UAM) for shipping. Though currently at the level of testing, general commercialization of these air transport means is expected in the next five to fifteen years. This study suggests a plan on the application of human factors to the introduction of PAV and UAM.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제40권12호
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• pp.1170-1176
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• 2003

진화최적방법을 이용하여 alkali earth borosilicate 계열(Eu, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba)$_{x}$ $B_{y}$S $i_{z}$ $O_{d}$에 E $u^{3+}$ 를 도핑 하여 고효율 적색 형광체를 합성하였다. 본 연구는 삼원색 백색 LED로의 적용을 목적으로 한다. 진화최적방법은 유전알고리즘과 조합화학을 연계하여, LED형광체 개발을 위해 개발하였다. 유전알고리즘을 조합화학에 접목함으로써 시간과 자원의 낭비 없이 매우 효율적인 형광체 탐색을 꾀할 수 있었다. 실질적인 실험에 앞서 다양한 목적함수를 이용하여 시뮬레이션을 실시하여 본 연구의 타당성을 증명하고 실제 합성한 결과 삼원색 백색 LED용 적색형광체(E $u_{0.14}$M $g_{0.18}$C $a_{0.07}$B $a_{0.12}$ $B_{0.17}$S $i_{0.32}$ $O_{{\delta}}$)를 얻었다.얻었다.다.얻었다.얻었다.다.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.712-728
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• 2016

본 연구는 충청남도 부여군 수박 농가와 대형마트 간 계약생산을 대상으로, 계약생산의 성립배경과 계약기업의 수직적 조정의 정도 그리고 이와 관련하여 나타나는 토지이용의 특징을 고찰하였다. 사례 계약생산은 생산자 단체 주도의 계약생산으로서, 기업의 역할이 신품종 수박의 품종 지정으로 제한됨에 따라 기업의 수직적 조정의 정도가 낮은 구매계약으로 유형화된다. 따라서 계약농가는 계약에 대한 진입과 탈퇴가 자유롭고, 나아가 복수의 거래처와 계약을 맺는 현상이 일반화되고 있다. 또한 계약농가들은 기존 윤작체계에 계약품종을 결합하는 방식으로 계약생산에 참여하고 있는데, 이 과정에서 역내 계약품종의 확산에 의한 수박 농업의 다각화가 나타나고 있다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.194-198
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• 2013

In this paper, we studied a p-type reflector based on indium tin oxide (ITO) for vertical-type ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV LEDs). We investigated the reflectance properties with different deposition methods. An ITO layer with a thickness of 50 nm was deposited by two different methods, sputtering and e-beam evaporation. From the measurement of the optical reflection, we obtained 70% reflectance at a wavelength of 382 nm by means of sputtering, while only 30% reflectance resulted when using the e-beam evaporation method. Also, the light output power of a $1mm{\times}1mm$ vertical chip created with the sputtering method recorded a twofold increase over a chip created with e-beam evaporation method. From the measurement of the root mean square (RMS), we obtained a RMS value 1.3 nm for the ITO layer using the sputtering method, while this value was 5.6 nm for the ITO layer when using the e-beam evaporation method. These decreases in the reflectance and light output power when using the e-beam evaporation method are thought to stem from the rough surface morphology of the ITO layer, which leads to diffused reflection and the absorption of light. However, the turn-on voltage and operation voltage of the two samples showed identical results of 2.42 V and 3.5 V, respectively. Given these results, we conclude that the two ITO layers created by different deposition methods showed no differences in the electric properties of the ohmic contact and series resistance.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.136-149
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• 2013

보물 제499호로 지정되어 있는 낙산사 칠층석탑에 대해 표면풍화로 인한 표면균열 발달 양상을 연구하였다. 이 석탑의 석재는 흑운모 화강암과 각섬석-흑운모 화강암으로, 중립질 이상의 입자크기와 회백색을 띄며 특징적으로 거정의 장석 반정을 수반하는 반상조직이 나타난다. 석탑에 나타나는 표면균열은 기단부 및 1층 탑신에서 많이 관찰되며, 대부분 수직, 수평, 대각선 방향으로 발달하고 있다. 석탑에 사용된 석재 내부의 미세균열은 원래부터 리프트 결과 그레인 결의 방향으로 잘 발달한 것이며, 이 두 결이 균열성장과 그에 따른 손상을 야기한 것으로 판단된다. 이와 더불어 석탑에서 나타나는 수직균열은 탑의 자체 하중에 의한 압축응력과 평행하게 미세균열이 성장하였으며, 수평균열은 주 압축응력에 대한 반발 인장력이 균열의 성장을 촉진시킨 것으로 판단된다. 한편, 석탑의 남동쪽 부재 탈락은 압축과 인장에 의한 것과 더불어 거정질 알칼리장석 반정의 벽개와 쌍정면의 영향으로 인해 발생한 것으로 해석된다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2011

A fishing lamp is fishing gear to gather fish in the night. But the cost of oil which is used to a light fishing lamp, goes significantly up to almost one hundred million won for 50 tonnage vessels and forty million won in case of vessels less than 10 tonnages. This cost has almost taken 30.40% of total fishing costs. As oil price increases, the business condition of the fishery gets worse and worse. Therefore, it is very urgent to develop an economical fishing lamp, to solve the problem of fishery's business difficulty. This research aims at developing a fishing lamp for squid jigging fishery and hairtail angling fishery using the LED, which has excellent efficiency and durability. One fishing lamp has about 160Watt capacity and five fishing lamps are installed one aluminium panel in which sea water flows to emit generated heat from LED to outside. Developed fishing lamp lights to an effective direction of jigging and angling operation. This fishing lamp can be controlled to light the direction of fish shoal because the aluminium panel can be controlled to up and down direction. The wave length of fishing lamp has white and blue color. White color light is to gather fish shoal of horizontal direction and blue color light is to gather fish shoal of vertical direction. After development of this fishing lamp, 60.110 units are established on the boat, and operated fishing. Consequently, in the case of squid jigging, spent energy was reduced to 39%, in the case of hairtail angling, 68% of spent energy was reduced. And the catch was more than another boat.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.217-231
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• 2007

To explore limiting factors of spring bloom caused by waste disposal after dumping activity commenced in the Yellow Sea, we used a 1-dimensional temperature-ecological coupled model. The vertical structure of temperature and vertical diffusivity (Kh) are calculated by the temperature model with sea surface temperature using the 2.5 layers turbulence closure scheme. The ecological model applied results at the temperature model consisted of five state variables (DIN, DIP, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and detritus) forced by photosynthetically available radiation. We simulate year-to-year variations of plankton and nutrients using the coupled model from 1998 to 2000 and compare results of the model with observed data. It turned out that temperature is the growth factor of spring bloom in dumping area. During the winter the weak stratification made sufficient supply of the accumulated nutrients from the sea bed into the upper water column and led to the bloom in the coming spring. Radiation also turned out to be another important factor of spring bloom in the study area. Insufficient radiation of March 1999 showed low chlorophyll-a concentration despite sufficient nutrients in the surface.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제91권1호
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• pp.49-61
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• 2024

In recent decades, the majority of studies have concentrated on the utilization of Steel Square Hollow Section (SHS) columns, with minimal attention given to reinforcing columns exhibiting inherent defects. This study addresses this gap by introducing initial vertical and horizontal defects at three distinct locations (top, middle, and bottom) and employing Carbon-FRP for reinforcement. The research investigates the dimensional and positional impacts of these defects on the axial behavior of SHS columns. A total of 29 samples, comprising 17 with defects, 11 strengthened, and 1 defect-free control, underwent examination. The study employed ABAQUS modeling and conducted experimental testing. Results revealed that defects located at different positions significantly diminished the load-bearing capacity and initial performance of the steel columns. Axial loading induced local buckling and lateral rupture, particularly at the defect side, in short columns. Notably, horizontal (across the column's width) and vertical (along the column's height) defects in the middle led to the most substantial reduction in strength and load-bearing capacity. The axial compressive failure increased with the length-to-width ratio of the defect. Moreover, the application of four carbon fiber layers to strengthen the steel columns resulted in increased Energy Dissipation and a delayed onset of local buckling in the face of axial ruptures.