• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2015

Objective: To investigate skeletal and dental changes after application of a mandibular setback surgery-first orthodontic treatment approach in cases of skeletal Class III malocclusion. Methods: A retrospective study of 34 patients (23 men, 11 women; mean age, $26.2{\pm}6.6years$) with skeletal Class III deformities, who underwent surgery-first orthodontic treatment, was conducted. Skeletal landmarks in the maxilla and mandible at three time points, pre-treatment (T0), immediate-postoperative (T1), and post-treatment (T2), were analyzed using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-generated half-cephalograms. Results: The significant T0 to T1 mandibular changes occurred $-9.24{\pm}3.97mm$ horizontally. From T1 to T2, the mandible tended to move forward $1.22{\pm}2.02mm$, while the condylar position (Cd to Po-perpendicular plane) shifted backward, and the coronoid process (Cp to FH plane) moved vertically. Between T1 and T2, the vertical dimension changed significantly (p < 0.05). Changes in the vertical dimension were significantly correlated to T1 to T2 changes in the Cd to Po-perpendicular plane (r = -0.671, p = 0.034), and in the Cp to FH plane (r = 0.733, p = 0.016), as well as to T0 to T1 changes in the Cp to Po-perpendicular plane (r = 0.758, p = 0.011). Conclusions: Greater alterations in the vertical dimension caused larger post-treatment (T2) stage skeletal changes. Studying the mandibular position in relation to the post-surgical vertical dimension emphasized the integral importance of vertical dimension control and proximal segment management to the success of surgery-first orthodontic treatment.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.323-331
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• 2007

Proposed Manta-type Unmanned Undersea Vehicle(UUV) turned out to have the tendency of dynamic instability in vertical plane, and moreover to have that of so strong dynamic stability in horizontal plane as to cause another problem in turning motion due to negative value of sway damping lever. The authors discussed the changes in appendage design for improvement of dynamic stability of UUV in vertical and horizontal planes. As a result, the dynamic stability in vertical plane was improved by increasing the area of horizontal stern planes. and the dynamic stability in horizontal plane was also improved by removal of lower vertical plate and by adjusting the area and position of upper vertical plate simultaneously.

• 대기
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.367-375
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• 2013

We present here the future changes in vertical distribution of temperature and tropopause height using the HadGEM2-AO climate model forced with Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) scenarios. Projected changes during the 21st century are shown as differences from the baseline period (1971~2000) for global vertical distribution of temperature and tropopause height. All RCP scenarios show warming throughout the troposphere and cooling in the stratosphere with amplified warming over the lower troposphere in the Northern Hemisphere high latitudes. Upper troposphere warming reaches a maximum in the tropics at the 300 hPa level associated with lapse-rate feedback. Also, the cooling in the stratosphere and the warming in the troposphere raises the height of the tropopause.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.81-85
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• 2012

Vertical meteorological conditions encountered by super tall buildings, such as wind speed, temperature and humidity, vary due to their height. Therefore, it is necessary to consider these environmental changes to properly estimate the heating and cooling loads, and to minimize the energy demands for HVAC in super tall buildings. This paper aims to analyze how vertical meteorological changes affect heating and cooling loads of super tall buildings by using numerical simulation. A radiosonde, which observes atmospheric parameters of upper air such as wind speed, wind direction, temperature, relative humidity and pressure, was used to provide weather data for the building load simulation. A hypothetical super tall building was used for the simulation to provide quantified characteristics of the heating and cooling loads, comparing the lower, middle and upper parts of the building. The effect of weather data on the heating and cooling loads in super tall building was also discussed.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.95-100
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• 1968

The author measured the vertical and horizontal change in molars and incisors of mandible arch by means of lateral roentgeno-cephalometric tracing. The subjects measured here were 244 healthy Korean male and female at the range of 5. 7. 10. 15 and 20 years old, respectively. Following results were obtained; 1. The horizontal measurements of lower first molar to mandible arch were as follows; 5 years of male; $43.14{\pm}0.84mm$ 5 years of female; $40.66{\pm}0.91mm$ 20 years of male; $43.08{\pm}1.59mm$ 20 years of female; $39.88{\pm}1.35mm$ None of the significant changes with age showed. 2. The horizontal measurements of lower incisors to mandible arch were as follows; 5 years of male; $8.14{\pm}0.68mm$ 5 years of female; $7.90{\pm}0.64mm$ 20 years of male; $10.02{\pm}1.68mm$ 20 years of female; $7.38{\pm}1.27mm$ None of the significant changes with age showed. 3. The vertical measurements of lower first molar to mandible arch were as follows; 5 years of male; $24.92{\pm}1.17mm$ 5 years of female; $25.02{\pm}1.64mm$ 20 years of male; $39.04{\pm}1.66mm$ 20 years of female; $35.25{\pm}1.03mm$ The vertical height of lower first molar showed statistically significant increments. 4. The vertical measurements of lower incisors to mandible arch were as follows; 5 years of male; $27.54{\pm}1.52mm$ 5 years of female; $27.62{\pm}1.78mm$ 20 years of male; $48.73{\pm}1.51mm$ 20 years of female; $45.52{\pm}0.82mm$ The vertical height of incisors showed statistically significant increments. 5. The growth and development of lower first molars and incisors revealed significant increment rates vertically with age. 6. It semed that the vertical and horizontal changes in male were greater than those in female.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.191-205
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• 2003

Effects of the width and location of a flow disturbing circular plate, installed at a vertical tube surface, on nucleate pool boiling heat transfer of water at atmospheric pressure have been investigated experimentally. Through the tests, changes in the degree of intensity of liquid agitation have been analyzed. The plate changes the fluid flow around the tube as well as heat transfer coefficients on the tube surface. It is identified that the plate width changes the rate of the circulating flow whereas its location changes the growth of the active agitating flow. Moreover, the flow chugging was observed at the downside of the plate.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.277-294
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• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 II급 청소년, 성인 환자에서 발치와 비발치 후 연조직 변화를 비교하기 위한 것이었다. 원광대학교 치과병원 교정과에 내원한 환자 68명을 각각 청소년발치군, 청소년비발치군, 성인발치군, 성인비발치군으로 분류하여 치료 전후의 측모 두부방사선사진을 계측하였다. 각 군의 치료 전후를 비교하고 각 군 간의 변화량을 비교하였으며, 그 중 통계적으로 유의한 변수들의 상관성과 회귀분석을 하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 청소년과 성인의 발치군에서 비순각은 유의하게 증가하였고 비발치군에서는 유의하게 감소하였다. 발치군에서는 vertical-U1과 E line-upper lip의 변화량 간에, vertical-U1과 E line-lower lip의 변화량 간에, vertical-L1과 vertical-Li의 변화량 간에 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 또한 발치군에서 회귀분석을 통해 E line-upper lip, E line-lower lip, Li에 대한 단순회귀방정식이 도출되었다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2004

우리나라의 서 남해안 지역과 내륙의 하천 인근 지역은 상당한 범위에 걸쳐 점성토 지반이 형성되어 있다. 연약지반상의 제체는 지지지반의 지지력 부족으로 인하여 변위를 일으킨다. 장기적인 압밀은 구조체의 침하나 전단파괴를 가져올 수 있다. 따라서, 지반의 파괴와 과다변형을 억제하기 위해서 건설현장에 다양한 연직배수공법을 적용한다. 이 연구는 지반개량의 범위에 기초하여 연직배수재를 연직 및 수평방향으로 변화시켜 효율적인 개량 범위의 형태를 결정하고자 한다. 제체의 가장자리로부터 거리에 따른 강도의 변화는 제체 사면의 현장 값으로부터 해석되어진다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.117-126
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• 2001

Occurence, seasonal changes and vertical distribution of the silica-scaled chrysophytes in a small fish-free pond were studied using electron microscopy (EM) and light microscopy (LM) from October 1998 to July 1999. The phytoplankton community was characterized by Chrysophyta and Cryptophyta. Ten species of the silica-scaled chrysophytes of genera Mallomonas, Synura, Chrysosphaerella and Spiniferomonas were identified by EM, and the most abundant species were Mallomonas akrokomos and M. portae-ferreae. The maximum population density of M. akrokomos was observed in December and several peaks appeared periodically at about one to two month intervals, whereas M. portae-ferreae developed the maximum density in March. The diurnal vertical distribution of M. akrokomos exhibited clear downward migration at night and slightly upward migration in the morning. A complex interaction among physico-chemical and biological factors seemed to affect the vertical distribution of M. akrokomos. However, the seasonal changes of M. akrokomos did not show significant corre1ations with the physico-chemical and some biologica1 factors. Although M. akrokomos was evenly distributed throughout the water column during some experimental periods, the diurnal patterns found in the two diurnal cycles showed consistency in that it clearly avoided the surface water during the day. This suggested that M. akrokomos may be a shade plankton with maximum densities below surface layer.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.208-213
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• 2021

Increasing the vertical dimesion affects not only functional problems but also the facial appearance. In particular, when restoring the reduced vertical dimension, it is important to evaluate facial appearance because the change affects the patient's aesthetics. Cephalometric radiographs can predict changes in the facial appearance through skeletal and vertical classifications using anatomical indicators, and the changes before and after treatment can be easily observed, which could serve as good data in evaluating treatment success. In this study, comparative evaluation was performed through cephalometric radiography, and the aesthetic and functional improvement was confirmed.