• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.73-94
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• 2020

Particulate infectious sources, including infectious viruses, can float in the air, causing airborne infections. To prevent indoor airborne infection, dilution control by ventilation and indoor air cleaners are frequently used. In this study, the risk of airborne infection by the operation of these two techniques was evaluated. In case of dilution control by ventilation, a high efficiency air filter was embedded at the inlet of supply air. In this study, infectious source reduction devices such as indoor air cleaner include all kinds of mechanical-filters, UV-photo catalysts and air ionizers through which air flow is forced by fans. Two mathematical models for influenza virus were applied in an infant care room where infants and young children are active, and the risk reduction efficiency was compared. As a result, in the case of individually operating the ventilator or the infectious source reduction device, the airborne infection risk reduction efficiencies were 55.2~61.2% and 53.8~59.9%, respectively. When both facilities were operated, it was found that the risk of airborne infection was reduced about 72.2~76.8%. Therefore, simultaneous operation of ventilation equipment and infectious source reduction device is the most effective method for safe environment that minimizes the risk of airborne infection of respiratory infectious diseases. In the case of a space where sufficient ventilation operation is difficult, it was found that the operation of an infectious source reduction device is important to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. This study is meaningful in that it provides an academic basis for strategies for preventing airborne infection of respiratory infectious diseases.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2005

Purpose : The incidence of mortality associated with respiratory difficulties is decreasing nowadays contributed to the development of neonatology. However, complications associated with mechanical ventilator are increasing. This study is to determine clinical manifestations, diagnositc availability of the endotracheal tip culture in patients with Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia(VAP) in neonatal intensive care unit(NICU). Methods : A retrospective analysis of 50 neonates who were admitted to the NICU of Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital and had given mechanical ventilator from 1 January 2000 to 30 June 2003. VAP group defined as neonates who had pneumonia with mechanical ventilation longer than 48 hours. They were classified into VAP group(n=13) and control group (n=37) and the prevalence, microorganisms cultured from the endotracheal tube tip and risk factors were investigated. Results : The prevalence of VAP was 26.0%(n=13) and the most dominant microorganism cultured in our NICU was methicillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococcus(MR-CNS) in 4 cases. Other microorganisms were Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) and Klebsiella. Gestational age, birth weight, Apgar score, respiratory distress syndrome, retinopathy of prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, sepsis, renal failure, pulmonary hemorrhage, pneumothorax were not different significantly between two groups except intraventricular hemorrhage(P<0.001) and patent ductus arteriosus(P<0.05). Duration of hospital stay and mortality rate were also not different significantly. Conclusion : VAP occurred at a significant rate among mechanically ventilated NICU patients. Despite of limitation of encotracheal tip culture, the most common microorganism was MR-CNS. We should be aware of occurrence of VAP in NICU neonate who were with mechanical ventilator and should treat with great care.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.232-243
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was to identify the level of knowledge and performances on evidence-based infection control and influencing factors on performance among nurses in intensive care unit. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used. Two hundred thirty-nine nurses at intensive care units were conveniently recruited from seven hospitals located in Seoul and Kyounggi province. Data were collected with a questionnaire survey about evidence-based infection control. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 17.0 program. Results: Both level of knowledge (mean 9.15 out of 19) on preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia and central venous catheter induced bloodstream infection, and performance on evidence-based infection control (1.94 out of 4) were moderate. Performance of evidence-based practice for infection control was related to reading research articles regularly, professional satisfaction, and taken education course. Conclusion: These results indicate that systematic and organizational strategies for enhancing evidence-based infection control are needed to improve quality of intensive nursing care.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2015

Purpose: The study sought to determine the state of blood glucose control, and the consequent clinical effects and variation in blood glucose level, of adult patients admitted to intensive care units following cardiothoracic surgery by comparing the blood glucose levels before and after the application of a blood glucose control protocol. Methods: The protocol was developed by modifying and supplementing the Yale protocol, and was first used in 2012. The resulting blood glucose data of an experimental group (n = 314), to which the blood glucose control protocol had been applied, and a control group (n = 347), whose blood glucose levels had been controlled according to physicians'prescriptions without the protocol, were collected through the medical records. Results: The target blood glucose ratio increased significantly in the experimental group, and the low blood glucose ratio decreased significantly in the experimental group. The two groups exhibited a significant difference (p < .001) in the degree of variation in the blood glucose levels. The duration of the use of a ventilator was significantly reduced in the experimental group (p < .001). Conclusion: It is expected that the protocol can be used for the safe and effective control of critically ill cardiothoracic surgery patients' blood glucose levels.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.756-759
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• 2017

The productivity of cultivated crops in Korea is low compared to the Netherlands, which is an advanced agricultural country. In addition, modernization of facility and complex environmental control technology are needed to overcome poor growth and productivity deterioration caused by shortage of sunshine, abnormal temperature and high temperature due to abnormal climate. On the other hand, domestic facility horticulture complex environmental control is a level of machine automation that can check the internal situation of a green house with a cell phone and remotely operate a sprinkler, heat cover, curtain, ventilator, Therefore, this paper suggests the development of optimum environment control technology for facility horticulture based on the growth model and the cultivation technology knowledge base in order to realize the automation of optimal complex environment control and contribute to improvement of quality and productivity of cultivated crops.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.187-194
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• 2020

This study presents the energy-saving sequential control algorithm to handle indoor CO₂ and PM2.5 for the improvement of the air quality of school classrooms. To solve indoor air quality (IAQ) problems, air cleaning and ventilation systems are mainly used for school classrooms. Although air cleaning is able to collect PM2.5, it is difficult to remove harmful gas substances. The ventilation system is suitable to tackle CO and CO₂, the volume ventilation, however, is relatively small. In this paper, to remove CO₂ and PM2.5, the pollutant balance equation for improving indoor air quality is reviewed. The sequential control algorithm of the ventilation and air cleaning system with four levels of criteria is introduced for the effective removal of pollutants. The proposed sequential control algorithm confirms that indoor CO₂ and PM2.5 can be properly controlled below the standard value. In addition, the sequential operation of air cleaning and ventilation systems has shown significant improvement in IAQ compared to the independent ventilation system operation. Particularly, such systems are efficient when outdoor PM2.5 is high.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to improve the stack effect of the staircase and the failure to take into account the opening of the outside door of the staircase, which are the disadvantages of the existing smoke control only vestibule. As a result of the study, the new vestibule and the staircase simultaneous smoke control are equipped with an exhaust flap damper with an effective opening area of about 0.25 m² in the upper part of the staircase, and a ventilator-type air supply fan of about 5 m³/s in the lower part, and take measures to prevent overpressure in the staircase. If you use the new simultaneous smoke control method of the vestibule and staircase, you can achieve the following effects. First, it is possible to open the external entrance door. Second, it can reduce the stack effect. Third, the staircase door closes automatically without fail. And a new method of preventing overpressure was proposed for the vestibule.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.225-235
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analysis the effects of nasal Continuous Postive Airway Pressure (nCPAP) for preterm infants using systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Thirteen peer-reviewed journals including preterm infants and apnea and nCPAP published between 1973 and 2013 were included. Effect size and statistics of homogeneity were done using STATA 10.0. Results: The design for 9 studies was Randomized Control Trial. In most of studies the pressure of nCPAP was set to 4-6 cm$H_2O$. The effect size of 5 studies for the effect on apnea rate using nCPAP compared to nasal Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilator (nIPPV) showed that the Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) was -0.11 and was not significantly different (Z=0.41, p=.680). But the difference in nCPAP for nasal Synchronizes Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilator (nSIPPV) (subgroup) was significant (SMD=-.44). The effect size of 7 studies on effect for ventilator weaning of using nCPAP compared to nIPPV showed the Risk Ratio (RR) as 1.60 and was not significantly different (Z=1.12, p=.268). But the difference between nCPAP and nSIPPV (subgroup) was significant (RR=3.94). Conclusion: The results indicate a need for an advanced care system and suggest continuous studies of apnea in preterm infants.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.27-38
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of tooth-brushing oral care on oral health and ventilator-associated pneumonia of patients in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Methods: A total of 74 participants were recruited from a medical, surgical, or neurosurgical ICU at S Hospital in Seoul, Korea, from September of 2010 to January of 2011. An experimental group (n= 36) received oral care with tooth-brushing while a control group (n=38) received oral care with cotton ball and gauze. In both group, the oral care was done three times a day at least one minute for 7 days. Oral health was examined by the Modified Oral Assessment Guide before the intervention and each night. Results: There is no difference between the groups in aspect of passage of time (p = .603), interaction between time and intervention (p =.300), the performance intervention (p = .766), and the incidence of VAP (p = .486). Conclusion: The effect of oral care with tooth-brushing on oral health and VAP was not different from that of usual oral care in ICU. However, further study is necessary due to high attrition in this study.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2014

Background: It is known to reduce the mortality when glutamine is supplied to patients during the surgery or in intensive care unit through intravenous nutrition supply. The purpose of this study is to establish the appropriate basis for use of glutamine and guidelines of nutrition supply for critically ill patients in the hospital by examining the clinical effects of administration of glutamine with subjects of elderly critically ill patients receiving intravenous nutrition in one hospital in Korea. Method: Among elderly patients with age of 60 or more hospitalized in Yeuido St. Mary's Hospital from August 2012 to July 2013, those who stayed in the intensive care unit for more than a week and received TPN (Total Parenteral Nutrition) for more than 3 days during staying in the intensive care unit were classified to a test group using glutamine and a control group without glutamine. Duration of use of mechanical ventilator, duration of hospitalization, occurrence of infectious disease and death were compared between two groups. We would like to identify the clinical test figures affected by the use of glutamine by examining changes in SCr, Total Protein, Albumin, AST, ALT, TB, DB and GFR at the time of admission and discharge. Results: At the time of admission to intensive care unit, gender, physical measurement information and clinical test figures did not show any significant difference between 72 subjects in a test group and 24 subjects in a control group. Thus, two groups began in the same condition. There were no significant difference in duration of hospitalization, duration of intensive care unit, use of mechanical ventilator, occurrence of infectious disease and death. As the results of statistical analysis of the average changes of clinical test figures at the time of admission and discharge of intensive care unit, SCr and GFR were significantly changed in the test group. GFR was significantly changed in a control group. As the result of analysis of the clinical test figures at the time of discharge with reflection of average changes after clinical test figures were corrected at the time of admission of intensive care unit, TB and GFR were significantly increased in a test group compared with those in a control group. Other clinical test figures were not significantly changed. Conclusion: If glutamine is administered to critically ill patients over age 60 receiving TPN and careful monitoring for total bilirubin is made in the future, it is expected to give the positive effect on renal function andminimize the side effect of arise in total bilirubin.