• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.170.1-170.1
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• 2010

Performance of water-to-air heat pump using raw water has been analyzed under part load heating operation in March, 2010. The water source heat pump of 30 RT was installed for 24 hours cooling and heating ventilation, and the gravity inflow water from Daechung dam is used as the heat source. The daily averaged water and air temperatures are $5.7^{\circ}C$ and $9.9^{\circ}C$ respectively, and the heat pump is operated under part load condition for 7.5 hours in 24 hours. The daily averaged heat pump COP calculated with heat transferred from the brine water is 2.49 and the monthly averaged COP is 2.25 in March. Based on the database of the California Energy Commission, the monthly averaged COPs of air source heat pumps installed in U.S.A. are 1.97 in March and 2.03 in April. Therefore it is confirmed again that the performance of the heat pump using raw water is better than that of air source heat pumps.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.633-641
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• 1999

Reaction by neighbours to odours is increasingly affecting operations of existing animal farming operations and may adversely constrain the further development of the animal production industry in some parts of Australia. It is critical that the scale of such odour impact on the rural-urban interface be estimated to provide useful information both for environmental protection and animal farming operations. Furthermore, the information can be used to modify odour reduction strategies as economic conditions change. The Centre for Water and Waste Technology at The University of New South Wales has developed a comprehensive set of odour control techniques in the course of its research and development effort over the past eight years. Techniques have been developed for odour sampling at point, area and volume sources, monitoring environmental parameters such as ventilation rate, shed temperature, shed humidity, litter water content and ambient meteorological condition, olfactometry and odour dispersion modelling. The work has paved the way for the establishment of odour reduction strategies based on best environmental management practice and advanced odour abatement technologies.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.26-30
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• 2016

The steel road wheel on ventilation holes was cracked in the vehicle durability test. But the component durability test by uni-axial, CFT(Cornering Fatigue Test) and RFT(Radial Fatigue Test) had been satisfied. That is, the uni-axial component test could not forecast the crack of vehicle. Therefore this study developed the bi-axial test mode to reflect a vehicle condition(to reflect both vertical and lateral force simultaneously) based on real load data which was measured in Europe and China and developed CAE simulation too. It reproduced the cracks same as vehicle's and verified by bi-axial test machine in the LBF(Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability) durability research center in Germany. Finally this the durability CAE simulation by using HMC(Hyundai Motor Company)'s the bi-axial test mode predicts feasibly the steel wheel's durability performance before vehicle durability test.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.105-111
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• 2017

In this study, the variation of indoor and soil radon concentrations were measured at a test bed (detached house), and correlation analysis was performed using linear regression. The results showed that the average concentration of indoor radon was increased by about 20% when the heater was operated in the house, but it was decreased by 15% when the ventilation system was on. In the changes of seasonal radon concentrations, soil and indoor radon concentrations in winter were higher than in summer. Statistical analysis showed a weak correlation between the soil radon and indoor radon, but the correlation (R=0.852, $R^2=0.726$) was relatively high at exhaust condition in the winter. It is difficult to extrapolate the results of the study to the general cases because radon distribution is highly site-specific, but the result of this study could be used as a reference for radon management and reduction of detached house in the future investigations.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.11-20
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• 2008

Modern society is an era that demands higher standards of living, and accordingly healthier living conditions due to fast economic growth. This society is being confronted by the necessity to find strategies to promote and manage health condition in everyday living environment. The current 'wellbeing' trend which pursues holistic health including physical, psychological and social health has accelerated the demand for healthy environment. In this context, this study intended to identify health friendly planning features based on consumer's demand. Web survey technique was used as main research methodology. Stratified random sampling was used with age being used as the strata valuable. Two hundred and eleven data were analyzed using SPSS statistical package. As results, awareness about health housing and hierarchy of important planning features were empirically identified. Furthermore, significant differences in some planning features according to the age were scrutinized. Major health friendly features demanded by consumers were found ventilation, non-toxic material, view of nature, space in which family can gather, protection of their privacy. Consumers' recognitions and demands varied according to age. The older the resident was, the higher the demands appeared. The results are expected to be used as a reference to explore and develop strategies for future healthy housing.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.3 s.217
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• pp.103-113
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to determine the present condition of sick house syndrome of newly built apartments a mid-sized city. The questionnaire survey was carried out from $19^{th}\;to\;22^{nd}$ of May 2004, with respondents consisting of 160 households living in two apartment complexes of Cheongju. Their residency periods after moving in were within $six{\sim}ten$ months. From the survey results of the respondents, sick house syndrome items revealed high percentages with the highest value of 49.3%. The respondents answered that they knew relatively well about sick house syndrome but they had no knowledge about 'bake-out'. The response percentages of sick house syndrome items in E complex, consisting of $106m^2$ (32 pyeong) size units, were significantly higher than those in A complex, consisting of $76m^2$ (23 pyeong) size units. This result suggests that the pollution levels emitted from interior materials in larger sized apartment units are higher than those in small sized units. The response percentages of sick house syndrome items in houses with fulfilled ventilation which had been ventilated before or after moving in were lower than in houses not ventilated.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.85-95
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and affecting factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WRMSD) among the directory assistance operators. Methods: One hundred eighty-five female subjects who worked more than one year as directory assistance operators in a telecommunication company were surveyed with self-administered questionnaires. Subjects were divided into disorder and control group by the NIOSH criterion about WRMSD, and then analyzed. Results: One hundred seventy two subjects (93%) had upper extremity symptoms and seventy subjects (37.8%) were WRMSD. the frequency order of the disorder area was the shoulder 60(32.4%), the neck 37(20.0%), the wrist 20(10.8%), the finger 20(10.8%) and the elbow 5(2.7%). It was found that the difference factors of the WRMSD group were education level (p<0.01), stress from the customers (p<0.01), satisfaction about monitor (p<0.05), temperature (p<0.05), noise (p<0.01), ventilation (p<0.001), working time (p<0.05), and recess (p<0.001). Conclusion: Improving working condition and education for the workers to control the stress are necessary to decrease the WRMSD for the directory assistance operators.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.26 no.2 s.52
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• pp.179-185
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the delivery pattern of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) in mainstream smoke generated by the combustion of a different ventilated cigarette. To compare the delivery pattern and the concentration of VOCs in mainstream smoke, the six different ventilated cigarette was manufactured and analyzed VOCs using the GC/MS. As a result of this experiments, cambridge filter used to trap the particulate matter in mainstream smoke did not affect on the trapping of VOCs components, and two impinger method among the trapping methods was the best condition to trap VOCs from mainstream smoke. As the slope of the delivery of VOCs such as isoprene, acrylonitrile and toluene were higher than 1, but that of benzene was lower than other VOCs.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.168-175
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• 2007

In this study, the Indoor Air Quality(IAQ) in military barracks is evaluated and its characteristics is discussed as well. The military barracks of R.O.K Army are categorized into three types and the IAQ in these individual facilities is measured for 24 hours both in summer and winter. Test results show that the particulate matters($PM_{10}$) and carbon dioxide($CO_2$) were the main causes contaminating IAQ in military barracks. While $CO_2$ can be purified by ventilation, adequate facilities have to be installed in case of the new type of combination barracks to remove $PM_{10}$. In addition, to improve the living condition of military barracks and to recover IAQ in new combination style barracks which is planned to complete by 2011, a standard or law regulating IAQ in military barracks has to be established.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.88-96
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• 2008

Effects of the duct inlet guide vane on the flowrate distribution characteristics of the defroster nozzle exit in a defrost duct system were investigated experimentally to design the optimum heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system applied in an automotive compartment. A 3-dimensional hot-wire anemometer system was used to measure the velocity field in the vicinity of the defroster nozzle jet flow and the velocity distributions near the windshield interior surface. At first, two cases of with- and without-duct inlet guide vanes were considered as the test condition, and then three cases of the duct inlet guide vane were tested to determine the optimum guide vane shape and their positions. The arrangement of the duct inlet guide vanes has an effect on the improved flowrate distribution at the defroster nozzle exit and near the windshield interior surface. However, the application of the lots of guide vane to control the flow direction leads to increase the flow resistance, resulting in the decreased flowrate issuing from the defroster nozzle. The shape of the duct inlet guide vane affects not only the flowrate distribution between the driver side and the assistant driver side but also the reduction of the flow resistance in the defrost duct system.