• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.116-118
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• 2005

The ASHRAE first ventilation standard was established in 1973. This standard has been revised regularly, and recently the ventilation standard for residential building was issued separately. Two ASHRAE ventilation standards are introduced in this article.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.111-116
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• 2008

The objective of this paper was to show the possibility of demand-controlled ventilation (DCV) using the current Korean ventilation standard for multi-purposed facilites. Two attractive DCV approaches; $CO_2$-DCV and RFID-DCV were applied to DCV simulations for a theoretical public assembly space served by a dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS) with enthalpy recovery device. A numerical model for predicting realtime occupant number, ventilation rate, and $CO_2$ concentration under given conditions was developed using a commercial equation solver program. It was found that the current ventilation standard causes unstable ventilation system control in DCV applications, especially under $CO_2$-DCV. It is because the ventilation rate (per person) used in Korea is the sum of the outdoor air required to remove or dilute air contaminants generated by both occupant and building itself, and not a pure function of occupant numbers. Finally, it makes DCV control unstable when ventilation flow is regulated only by the number of occupants. In order for solving this problem, current Korean ventilation standard was modified as a form of ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007 showing good applicability to various DCV approaches. It was found that this modification enhances applicability of the current ventilation standard to DCV significantly.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.273-278
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• 1995

This study is to estimate the ventilation volume by the traffic that originated from driving automobiles for two tunnels (Kugi tunnel and Kumhwa tunnel) that adopted natural ventilation system among tunnels of Seoul, and on the basis of which, we estimated the ventilation velume at various conditions. With the result of the estimation, we will present the basic method that can be operated with the optimum condition for the ventilation system. Estimating the predicted ventilation volume in the tennel by the pollutant concentration, we used traffic volume and CO emission data by the automobile speed and CO concentration in the tunnel. And, when we estimated the traffic ventilation volume by natural and traffic ventilation force, we used traffic volume, automobile speed, tunnel area, automobile area data and so on. As the result of simple regression between predicted ventilation volume and traffic ventilation volume, we attained the regression coefficient 0.88, and achieved the relation form that predicted ventilation volume equal 0.12x traffic ventilation volume-92, 000. Using this equation, we estimated the ventilation volume to satisfy the enviromnental standards of several space, and calculated the required volume for mechanical ventilation. Incase of Kumhwa Tunnel, there is a need of mechanical ventilation all day long to satisfy air quality standard 9 ppm for 8 hours average and 10 ppm for the indoor air quality standard of public facilities.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.645-658
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• 1997

A study on ventilation design using the spreadsheet model is carried out to propose means of available design. A sample of complex ventilation system In the non-standard condition Is used to illustrate thins spreadsheet model. In developing the spreadsheet model, this study has attempted to it general by using computional equations and design parameters that can be readily applied to any spreadsheet software. Also, most design data is contained in the spreadsheet template. This template provides the same design information as the ACGIH worksheet, and operates Quickly and emclenuy, and is fiexible enough to use under different conditions. This spreadsheet model allows the ventilation engineer to design quickly and accurately the ventilation system, without spending too much effort In the design process. By storing on computer and diskette, the design data computed finally can be used as a permanent record of specific ventilation system, and because of finally to be able to design over and over again while making only slight changes to the Input data, the spreadsheet model is used availably to accomplish the design optimazation by redesign and troubleshooting by review from field measurements. Also, the spreadsheet model is available for designing ventilation system under different condition or evaluating existing system or design drawing, because changes In the layout or formulae can be readily made to fit the needs of the designer.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.21-33
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• 2015

Recently, the Korean government announced a new development plan for a large-scale greenhouse complex in reclaimed lands. Wind environments of reclaimed land are entirely different from those of inland. Many standard books for ventilation design didn't include qualitative standard for natural ventilation. In this study, natural ventilation rates were analyzed to suggest standard for ventilation design of venlo type greenhouse built on reclaimed land. CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation models were designed according to the number of spans, wind conditions and vent openings. The wind profile at a reclaimed land was designed using ESDU (Engineering Sciences Data Unit) code. Using the designed CFD simulation model, ventilation rates were computed using mass flow rate and tracer gas decay method. Additionally computed natural ventilation rates were evaluated by comparing with ventilation requirements. As a result of this study, ventilation rates were decreased with increasing of the number of spans. Ventilation rates were linearly increased with increasing of wind speed. When the wind speed was $1.0\;m{\cdot}s^{-1}$, only side vent was open and wind direction was $45^{\circ}$, homogeneity of ventilation rate at 0~1 m height is the worst. Finally, chart for computing natural ventilation rate was suggested. The chart was expected to be used for establishing standard of ventilation design.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.409-420
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• 2017

The amount of ventilation required in making the tunnel ventilation plan is an important factor for determining the capacity of the ventilation system. The amount of pollutant emission for each type of vehicle (basic emission amount for the design of ventilation volume) for estimating the required ventilation amount is based on the 'Standard for Allowing the Emission for the car manufacturing', proposed by Ministry of Environment. However, in 2013, the Ministry of Environment announced the 'Regulations on the calculation method of total emissions from vehicles' as a regulation for calculating the pollutants emitted from vehicles. In this regulation, there are the 'Emission factors for each type of vehicle'. Therefore, it is necessary to review the application of the Regulation to the estimation of the required ventilation volume for the road tunnel. In this study, the influence of the strengthened emission regulation in 2015 caused by the case of manipulation of emission volume for the diesel vehicle on the calculation of the required ventilation volume in the road tunnel has been checked. In addition, in this study, the required ventilation volume calculated according to the Standard for Allowing the Emission for the car manufacturing revised by Ministry of Environment and "Emission factors for each type of vehicle" and that calculated according to the EURO emission standard were compared for analysis. This study has implications that it provides the basic design data for calculating the reasonable ventilation capacity of the ventilation system based on the ground for calculating the required ventilation volume.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2008

In winter season, the survey was performed in three commercial office buildings in the metropolitan Seoul, Pusan, and Gwangju city. The purpose of the survey was to evaluate the effectiveness of ventilation for offices in commercial buildings. The data were compared to standard of applicable to the indoor ventilation in office. The results indicated that the most commercial office buildings used the air handing unit and fan coil unit as HVAC system, and the intake amount of fresh outdoor air were very inadequate to compared to the ASHRAE standard value of $0.57\;m^3/min/person$. Also the surveyed all commercial office building used the HVAC system as a meas of controlling temperature for office indoor air. Ultimately, these results presented that there were possibility of evoking indoor air quality problems by the insufficient ventilation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.31-37
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• 2012

This paper describes to analyze the ventilation performance of a room air conditioner for indoor comfort control. An experimental apparatus consists of a test room, the room air conditioner, a tracer gas measurement system, a supply fan and a controller. Ventilation performance as a function of human occupancy is evaluated with supply ventilation air using a tracer gas technique of CO2 gas in the test room. The ventilation performance is evaluated in a step-down method based on ASTM Standard E741-83 and is found to increase with increasing supply ventilation rate. The CO2 gas concentration is decayed rapidly without human occupancy. The ventilation performance without human occupancy increases up to 55% and the ventilation performance with one person increases up to 25% at the supply air of 570 lpm comparing with a natural reduction after one hour. A modeling for ventilation performance of a room air conditioner in a test room is presented using experimental datum.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.908-916
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• 2000

In this paper, the characteristics of moisture ventilation in the lithium ion battery manufacturing dry room are studied numerically using standard $k-\varepsilon$ turbulence model. Both the steady-state and the unsteady behaviors of moisture ventilation are analyzed by considering local and uniform moisture generation. In order to evaluate the characteristics of moisture ventilation, three scales of ventilation efficiency and characteristic ventilation time are presented from the numerical results. It was shown that moisture distribution was dependent strongly on the flow field. The characteristics of moisture ventilation were improved by 20% and 40% in terms of the 1st scale of ventilation efficiency (SVE1) and the 2nd scale of ventilation efficiency (SVE2), respectively, through the modifications of design variables such as the addition of inlets, outlets and partition. A significant improvement in the characteristic ventilation time and the moisture exhaust efficiency was also made by these modifications.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.1392-1397
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• 2008

This study is to measure the change of the $CO_2$ and floating dust concentration depending on the volume of the ventilation and the state of on/off the ventilation for the estimation of the air pollution in classroom. The results could be summarized as follows: the test cell was the two full scaled model and the one is set up with ventilation system another was not. the volume of classroom is 170.1m3 and the number of persons are 35. 1)when the ventilation system was not installed, The experimental results of the $CO_2$ concentration showed the average of 2,150ppm and the maximum of 2,740ppm in the classroom. This was the higher than 1,000ppm, the standard value of ASHRAE and the enforcement regulations of School Sanitation Code in Ministry of Education & Human Resources Development, 1000ppm. The $CO_2$ concentration was relatively increasing during school hours. 3)In case of the volume of ventilation of $800m^3$/h, the $CO_2$ concentration of classroom showed the average of 962 ppm and the maximum of 1,380 ppm. This was higher than 1,000ppm, the standard of ASHRAE and the enforcement regulations of School Sanitation Code in Ministry of Education & Human Resources Development. 4)The floating dust(PM10) was the maximum of 0.52 mg/$m^3$, the minimum of 0.25 mg/$m^3$, and the average of 0.32 mg/$m^3$ in case of the ventilation system off. Those were higher than the standard value 0.15 mg/$m^3$. In case of the ventilation system on, the floating dust(PM10) was the maximum of 0.174 mg/$m^3$ , the minimum of 0.048 mg/$m^3$, and the average of 0.078 mg/$m^3$. These were the lower than 0.15 mg/$m^3$, the standard of the enforcement regulations of School Sanitation Code in Ministry of Education & Human Resources Development. 5)The concentrations of $CO_2$ and PM10 were largely depending on the number of students and the ventilation system, The installation of the ventilation system is necessary for the amenity environment and the management of the indoor air quality.