• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.748-760
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• 1997

The handoff failure probability has to be enhanced efficiently to enhance the performance of PCS system. In this paper a new scheme called velocity adaptive handoff algorithm for reducing handoff failure probability and maintaining the carried traffic constantly in PCS systems, by assigning low handoff threshold value for high mobility calls, and assigning high handoff threshold value for low mobility calls, is presented. The performance of evaluation of this new scheme is carried out in terms of tranffic characteristics. Also velocity estimation algorithm for this new scheme is presented. According to the result, the handoff failure probability of velocity adaptive handoff algorithm is enhanced about 60%.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.289-300
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• 2020

Estimating the damage induced by an explosion around a blast hole has always been a challenging issue in geotechnical engineering. It is difficult to determine an exact dimension for damage zone since many parameters are involved in the formation of failures, and there are some uncertainties lying in these parameters. Thus, the present study adopted a probabilistic approach towards this problem. First, a reliability model of the problem was established and the failure probability of induced damage was calculated. Then, the corresponding exceedance risk curve was developed indicating the relation between the failure probability and the cracked zone radius. The obtained risk curve indicated that the failure probability drops dramatically by increasing the cracked zone radius so that the probability of exceedance for any crack length greater than 4.5 m is less than 5%. Moreover, the effect of each parameter involved in the probability of failure, including blast hole radius, explosive density, detonation velocity, and tensile strength of the rock, was evaluated by using a sensitivity analysis. Finally, the impact of the decoupling ratio on the reduction of failures was investigated and the location of its maximum influence was demonstrated around the blast point.

• 지구물리
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.57-69
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• 2001

경상북도 경주시 불국사 삼층석탑(석가탑)의 구조 안전 진단을 목적으로 탑의 각 부재에 대한 비파괴 정밀 조사가 실시되었다. 암석의 역학적 성질을 추정하기 위하여 전체 44개 부재의 456개 지점에서 초음파 속도를 측정하였다. 측정된 속도의 범위는 1217～4403 m/sec의 분포를 가지며 평균 속도는 3227 m/sec이다. 각 부재의 일축 압축강도가 초음파 속도와의 관계를 나타내는 경험식을 이용하여 구하여 졌으며 범위는 134～844 kg/cm^2이고 전체 평균치는 463 kg/cm^2이다. 암석의 파괴강도가 각 부재에서 정상분포를 보인다고 가정하고 석가탑의 각 부재에 대하여 파괴확률을 구하였다. 각 부재가 상위 하중에 의해 전단 파괴가 일어날 확률을 지극히 미약하지만 부재 사이의 접촉면적이 적어 부분파괴의 가능성이 있으며 실제적으로도 접촉면 부근의 모서리 부근에서 부분파괴가 발생하였다. 본 탑의 기단부는 구조적으로 가장 취약하며 하대갑석의 인장 파괴확률은 6～18%로 나타나며 대부분의 부재에서 대각선 방향으로 한 개 이상의 인장 파괴면이 관찰된다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.789-795
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• 2008

Slope stability is affected by various factors. For safety management of slopes, monitoring systems have been widely constructed along railway lines. The representative data from the systems are variations of ground profile such like ground water level and pore water pressure etc. and direct displacement measured by ground clinometer and tension wire sensor. Slopes are mainly effected by rainfall and rainfall causes the decrease of factor of safety(FOS). Because FOS varies linearly by the variation of ground water level and pore pressure, it has a weak point that could not define the time and proper warning sign to secure the safety of the train. In this study, alternative of FOS such as reliability index and probability of failure is applied to slope stability analysis introducing the reliability concept. FOS, reliability index, probability of failure and velocity of probability of failure of the slopes by variation of ground water level are investigated for setting up the specification of safety management of slopes. By executing case study of a slope(ILLO-IMSUNGLI), it is showed to be applied to specification of safety management.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.1037-1042
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• 2009

국내 사면안정성 설계기준은 우기 건기시로 제안되어 사용되고 있지만, 한계평형해석의 결과로 산출되는 안전율이 외부조건에 의해 변화되며, 특정한 변곡점이 없기 때문에 사전에 안전을 확보하기 어렵다는 점에 착안하여 경보발령, 서행 및 열차정지 등과 같은 안전규정의 설정이 가능한 대안을 검토하였다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 불포화토질역학과 신뢰성해석에 기초하여 현행 안전율을 보조할 수 있는 부가적인 지표를 도입하였다. 강우침투에 따라 안전율과 신뢰지수는 지수함수형태로 감소하는 특징을 보이며, 파괴확률은 누적확률분포함수 형태로 증가함을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 검토한 부가지표인 파괴확률 변화속도는 현재의 기준 안전율 부근에서 명백한 변곡점을 갖는 특징이 있다. 이를 이용하면 사면의 안전관리와 모니터링 시스템에 대한 적정 규정으로 적용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.175-186
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• 2018

With the continuous increase of span lengths, modern bridges are becoming much more flexible and more prone to flutter under wind excitations. A reasonable probabilistic flutter analysis of long-span bridges involving random and uncertain variables may have to be taken into consideration. This paper presents a method for estimating the reliability index and failure probability due to flutter, which considers the very important variables including the extreme wind velocity at bridge site, damping ratio, mathematical modeling, and flutter derivatives. The Aizhai Bridge in China is selected as an example to demonstrate the numerical procedure for the flutter reliability analysis. In the presented method, the joint probability density function of wind speed and wind direction at the deck level of the bridge is first established. Then, based on the fundamental theories of structural reliability, the reliability index and failure probability due to flutter of the Aizhai Bridge is investigated by applying the Monte Carlo method and the first order reliability method (FORM). The probabilistic flutter analysis can provide a guideline in the design of long-span bridges and the results show that the structural damping and flutter derivatives have significant effects on the flutter reliability, more accurate and reliable data of which is needed.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.155-160
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• 2001

This paper describes a probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) analysis based on Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. In the analysis of CANDU pressure tube, it is necessary to perform the PFM analyses based on statistical consideration of flaw generation time. A depth and an aspect ratio of initial semi-elliptical surface crack, a fracture toughness value, delayed hydride cracking (DHC) velocity, and flaw generation time are assumed to be probabilistic variables. In all the analyses, degradation of fracture toughness due to neutron irradiation is considered. Also, the failure criteria considered are plastic collapse, unstable fracture and crack penetration. For the crack growth by DHC, the failure probability was evaluated in due consideration of flaw generation time.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2000년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.527-532
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• 2000

The armor composite material targets such as aramid FRMLs with different type and ply number of face material and different type of back-up material, were studied to determine ballistic impact resistance and dynamic failure behavior during ballistic impact. Ballistic impact resistance is determined by $\textrm{V}_{50}$ ballistic limit, a statical velocity with 50% probability for complete penetration, test method. Also dynamic failure behaviors are respectfully observed that result from $\textrm{V}_{50}$ tests. $\textrm{V}_{50}$ tests with $0^{\circ}$ obliquity at room temperature were conducted with projectiles that were able to achieve near or complete penetration during high velocity impact tests. As a result, ballistic impact resistance of anodized Al 5052-H34 alloy(2 ply) is better than that of anodized Al 5052-H34 alloy(1 ply), but Titanium alloy showed the similar ballistic impact resistance. In the face material, ballistic impact resistance of titanium alloy is better than that of anodized Al 5052-H34 alloy. In the back-up material, ballistic impact resistance of T750 type aramid fiber is better than that of CT709 type aramid fiber.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2010

철근콘크리트의 내구성을 저하시키는 주요 원인중의 하나는 콘크리트 탄산화로 인하여 철근이 부식되는 것이다. 탄산화속도는 구조물이 위치한 환경의 이산화탄소 농도, 콘크리트 품질, 구조물의 형상 등에 의해 영향을 받게 되는데 특히, 도심지 콘크리트 구조물의 탄산화에 대한 문제가 증가되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 국내에서 광범위하게 시공된 교량구조물에 대한 실태조사를 이용하여 탄산화가 교량구조물에 미치는 영향을 파악하였다. 또한 계측결과들을 바탕으로 탄산화에 의한 구조물의 내구적 파괴확률을 신뢰성 이론을 기반으로 하여 분석하였다. 도심지 환경에 따른 탄산화의 분석결과 콘크리트 강도가 증가함에 따라 탄산화 속도가 감소하고, 교량의 사용년수가 증가함에 따라 탄산화 깊이는 증가함을 보였다. 또한 신뢰성이론을 기반으로 도심지 교량의 내구적 파괴확률을 분석한 결과, 대부분의 경우 내구적 파괴확률이 10%이상으로 분석되었고, 목표내구수명을 만족하기 위해 최소 피복두께가 70-80mm이상 확보되어야 할 것으로 분석되었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제88권4호
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• pp.311-322
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• 2023

Riverine flood is one of the critical natural threats to river-crossing bridges. As floods are the most-occurred natural hazard worldwide, survival probability of bridges due to floods must be assessed in a speedy but precise manner. In this regard, the paper presents a reliability-based approach for a rapid assessment of failure probability of vulnerable bridge components under floods. This robust method is generic in nature and can be applied to both concrete and steel girder bridges. The developed methodology essentially utilizes limit state performance functions, expressed in terms of capacity and flood demand, for probable failure modes of various vulnerable components of bridges. Advanced First Order Reliability Method (AFORM), Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS), and Latin Hypercube Simulation (LHS) techniques are applied for the purpose of reliability assessment and developing flood fragility curves of bridges in which flow velocity and water height are taken as flood intensity measures. Upon validating the proposed method, it is applied to a case study bridge that experiences the flood scenario of a river in Gujarat, India. Research outcome portrays how effectively and efficiently the proposed reliability-based method can be applied for a quick assessment of flood vulnerability of bridges in any flood-prone region of interest.