• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2014.04a
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• pp.476-477
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• 2014

This paper relates to the automotive silencers reduce noise generated from the actual vehicle for the activity is based on was worth. To do this, the noise from cars to distinguish them by category, characteristics of turbo charger was designed to reduce noise. In order for the design of acoustic modeling using line dynamics, was analyzed using In house & the commercial software programs. Silencers have about several basic elements. Expand, collapse, perforated plate, and the combination are the basic reactive or dissipative elements. Finally, DFSS(design for six sigma) method was designed. and it was verified in vehicle test. The new developed silencers showed good performance vehicle test results. also, the net cost also indicated excellent results compared with other company.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2012.04a
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• pp.214-216
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• 2012

This paper relates to the automotive silencers reduce noise generated from the actual vehicle for the activity is based on was worth. To do this, the noise from cars to distinguish them by category, characteristics of turbo charger was designed to reduce noise. In order for the design of acoustic modeling using line dynamics, was analyzed using In house & the commercial software programs. Silencers have about several basic elements. Expand, collapse, perforated plate, and the combination are the basic reactive or dissipative elements. Finally, DFSS(design for six sigma) method was designed. and it was verified in vehicle test. The new developed silencers showed good performance vehicle test results. also, the net cost also indicated excellent results compared with other company.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.1463-1472
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• 2008

The present paper to relate with the maintenance of the high-speed vehicle, KTX and is to treat a reliability evaluation. The reliability of the high-speed vehicle while operating between-failure average mileage (MKBSF) and parts between-failure average mileage (MKBF), 1,000,000 per km service failure number of items and availability and per km evaluated a maintenance expense. The reliability evaluation results and 2007 year reliability management indexes compared in 2006 years and they improved, per km the maintenance expense compared at 2006 and 36.6% was decreased. Reliability management activity leads and availability of the high-speed vehicle, safety improves and with the fact that will be able to decrease the maintenance expense which is an economic scale of railroad service is expected.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.32-39
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• 2017

The ideology of space development can be classified into three types: national security, scientific inquiry, and commercialism. Korea and Japan have influenced the space development innovation system by different proportions. In the rhetoric analysis of Kim Young Sam, Kim Dae Jung, Roh Moo Hyun, and President Lee Myung Bak, the periods when Korea's space development began in earnest, the pragmatism (commercialism) of strengthening industrial competitiveness through space development has been consistently emphasized. But it also maintains national security and scientific inquiry as ancillary.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.520-527
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine effects of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor on muscle weight and myofibrillar protein content of affected and unaffected hindlimb muscles in rats with neuropathic pain induced by unilateral peripheral nerve injury. Methods: Neuropathic pain was induced by ligation and cutting of the left L5 spinal nerve. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of two groups: The NOSI group (n=19) had NOS inhibitor (L-NAME) injections daily for 14 days, and the Vehicle group (n=20) had vehicle injections daily for 14 days. Withdrawal threshold, body weight, food intake and activity were measured every day. At 15 days all rats were anesthetized and soleus, plantaris and gastrocnemius muscles were dissected from hindlimbs. Muscle weight and myofibrillar protein content of the dissected muscles were determined. Results: The NOSI group showed significant increases as compared to the Vehicle group for body weight at 15 days, muscle weight and myofibrillar protein content of the unaffected soleus and gastrocnemius. The NOSI group demonstrated a higher pain threshold than the vehicle group. Conclusion: NOSI for 14 days attenuates unaffected soleus and gastrocnemius muscle atrophy in neuropathic pain model.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.157-177
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• 2017

This research is based on the concept of safety airbag to design a self-rescue system for the autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) using micro inertial sensing module. To reduce the possibility of losing the underwater vehicle and the difficulty of searching and rescuing, when the AUV self-rescue system (ASRS) detects that the AUV is crashing or encountering a serious collision, it can pump carbon dioxide into the airbag immediately to make the vehicle surface. ASRS consists of 10-DOF sensing module, sensing attitude algorithm and air-pumping mechanism. The attitude sensing modules are a nine-axis micro-inertial sensor and a barometer. The sensing attitude algorithm is designed to estimate failure attitude of AUV properly using sensor calibration and extended Kalman filter (SCEKF), feature extraction and backpropagation network (BPN) classify. SCEKF is proposed to be used subsequently to calibrate and fuse the data from the micro-inertial sensors. Feature extraction and BPN training algorithms for classification are used to determine the activity malfunction of AUV. When the accident of AUV occurred, the ASRS will immediately be initiated; the airbag is soon filled, and the AUV will surface due to the buoyancy. In the future, ASRS will be developed successfully to solve the problems such as the high losing rate and the high difficulty of the rescuing mission of AUV.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.13-24
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• 2021

In level 5 (mind-off) of autonomous driving, the autonomous vehicle passengers are expected to have various activities such as face-to-face meetings, working, relaxing, and watching movies. In particular, various changes in the interior space of the vehicle are expected. Moreover, according to the survey conducted by the American Automobile Association, 73% of the respondents reported that they were afraid to board autonomous vehicles. In level 5 of autonomous driving, the subject of safety was expected to be transferred to autonomous vehicles; thus, research should be conducted from the user's perspective. Recently, various studies have been conducted to secure the safety of fully autonomous vehicles. However, there are limited studies addressing the psychological safety of actual passengers. Therefore, this study conducted a questionnaire based on the AHP technique. Consequently, the automobile safety system's priority for securing passengers' psychological safety according to each type of indoor behavior was derived, and the interior space for securing the psychological stability of passengers was suggested based on the obtained results. This study offers a new direction for interior space design, satisfying the psychological safety of passengers. This study is important because it advocates that the interior environment of fully autonomous driving cars is expected to be designed to secure the user's psychological safety.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.391-396
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• 2009

The percentage of those aged 60 and over is 43.5% among our country's 3,186 thousands farming population, so farm village is getting aging society rapidly. Moreover agricultural competitiveness has being weakened due to labor shortage by degradation in quality of labor configuration from elderly porson. For realisms easy workability, we developed a motor vehicle for agricultural activity. The vehicle has an automatic guidance system which could follows a track of magnetic tape on the floor for easy moving to given working position. We collected data from two guidance sensors, located on front and rear end of the vehicle and calculated displacement and angle deviation from the track. This traveling system was stably controlled with processing information deflection S, angle of deviation, D and angle velocity, Vt = $k_1D$ - $k_2S$ from two guidance sensors attached on front and rear of th motor vehicle. Also this system have been tested under various condition of $k_1$, $k_2$ for comparison on both stepped and turning routes. The results show that traveling performance is best at $k_1$=0.7, $k_2$=3.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.19-24
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• 2015

Objectives : The experiment was performed to investigate promotive effects of haeae-tang (HET) extract, a traditional Korean medicinal recipe, on hair growth, protein and gene expression in hair-removed C57BL/6. Methods : In experiment, animals were divided into 3 groups including normal (vehicle), HET ethanol extract and 5% minoxidil-treated groups (Minoxidil, positive control). The vehicle or testing samples were daily treated with 0.2ml per on hair-shaved dorsal skin of C57BL/6mice for 15 days. Effects of testing samples on hair growth was monitored through phototrichogram analysis by folliscope on the initial, $5^{th}$, $10^{th}$, $15^{th}$ day, respectively. Also, gene and protein expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), relevant to hair growth, were examined. Results : Hair density and hair thickness of Minoxidil treated-group was significantly increased compared to that of vehicle application on the $15^{th}$day, respectively. Dorsal hair density of HET treated-group was significantly increased compared to that of vehicle application on the $15^{th}$day. In addition, the Minoxidil group significantly increased the expression of cutaneous IGF-1 protein and mRNA compared to that of the vehicle-applied group on the $15^{th}$ day. And HET-treated group significantly increased the expression of dorsal VEGF protein compared to that of the vehicle-applied group on the $15^{th}$ day. Conclusions : These results suggest that this Korean medicinal recipe, HET has promoting activity on hair growth in an Alopecia animal model thus it can be used as a material of agent or products for improvement or prevention of alopecia.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.290-296
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• 2014

The present experiment investigated putative anxiolytic-like effects of quercetin using an elevated plus-maze (EPM) and hole-board apparatus test in mice. Quercetin is a flavonoid widely distributed in nature. Quercetin (1.25, 2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg) was orally administered to ICR mice 1 h before a behavioral evaluation in the EPM. Control mice were treated with an equal volume of vehicle, and positive control mice were treated with buspirone (2 mg/kg, i.p.). The mice administered quercetin (5 mg/kg) spent a significantly longer percentage of time in the open arms of the EPM and their percentage of entries into the open arms was significantly increased compared to the vehicle-treated controls (p<0.05). The anxiolytic-like activities of quercetin were antagonized by trans-4-aminocrotonic acid (a $GABA_{A-{\rho}}$ agonist, 20 mg/kg) but not by flumazenil (a $GABA_A$ antagonist, 10 mg/kg) or WAY-100635 (a $5-HT_{1A}$ antagonist, 0.3 mg/kg). Moreover, there were no changes in the locomotor activity or myorelaxant effects in any group compared with the vehicle-treated controls. In the hole-board apparatus test, the number of head-dips increased significantly in the single treatment with quercetin (5 mg/kg) group compared to the vehicle-treated controls (p<0.05). These findings suggest that quercetin can promote anxiolytic-like activity, mediated by the GABAergic nervous system, in mice.