• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.24-29
• /
• 1994

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.233-248
• /
• 2012

The national emission from energy sector accounted for 84.7% of all domestic emissions in 2007. Of the energy-use emissions, the emission from mobile source as one of key categories accounted for 19.4% and further the road transport emission occupied the most dominant portion in the category. The road transport emissions can be estimated on the basis of either the fuel consumed (Tier 1) or the distance travelled by the vehicle types and road types (higher Tiers). The latter approach must be suitable for simultaneously estimating $CO_2$, $CH_4$, and $N_2O$ emissions in local administrative districts. The objective of this study was to estimate 31 municipal GHG emissions from road transportation in Gyeonggi Province, Korea. In 2008, the municipalities were consisted of 2,014 towns expressed as Dong and Ri, the smallest administrative district unit. Since mobile sources are moving across other city and province borders, the emission estimated by fuel sold is in fact impossible to ensure consistency between neighbouring cities and provinces. On the other hand, the emission estimated by distance travelled is also impossible to acquire key activity data such as traffic volume, vehicle type and model, and road type in small towns. To solve the problem, we applied a hierarchical cluster analysis to separate town-by-town road patterns (clusters) based on a priori activity information including traffic volume, population, area, and branch road length obtained from small 151 towns. After identifying 10 road patterns, a rule building expert system was developed by visual basic application (VBA) to assort various unknown road patterns into one of 10 known patterns. The expert system was self-verified with original reference information and then objects in each homogeneous pattern were used to regress traffic volume based on the variables of population, area, and branch road length. The program was then applied to assign all the unknown towns into a known pattern and to automatically estimate traffic volumes by regression equations for each town. Further VKT (vehicle kilometer travelled) for each vehicle type in each town was calculated to be mapped by GIS (geological information system) and road transport emission on the corresponding road section was estimated by multiplying emission factors for each vehicle type. Finally all emissions from local branch roads in Gyeonggi Province could be estimated by summing up emissions from 1,902 towns where road information was registered. As a result of the study, the GHG average emission rate by the branch road transport was 6,101 kilotons of $CO_2$ equivalent per year (kt-$CO_2$ Eq/yr) and the total emissions from both main and branch roads was 24,152 kt-$CO_2$ Eq/yr in Gyeonggi Province. The ratio of branch roads emission to the total was 0.28 in 2008.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.214-222
• /
• 2016

Changes in road infrastructure affect driving patterns and pollutant emission characteristics. we analyzed the changes in driving patterns and pollutant emission characteristics of the driving route via measured driving patterns at year 2009 and 2016. Since 2009, there has been an increase in population and traffic demand, including residential areas and industrial facilities. Traffic conditions were improved such as the opening of the highway Inter-Change to Seoul and the construction of underground driveway. As a result, the average vehicle speed increased. More detail comparisons have made on the changes of the underground driveway section and the crossroad section, which are expected to have significant changes in the transportation infrastructure. The vehicle speed distribution of the underground driveway changed from low speed to high speed, and the increase of the time spent at the high speed and high load caused the increase of NOx emissions. The vehicle speed also increased at the crossroad section, and the consequence NOx and $CO_2$ emissions decreased. It is mainly because the decreased time spent at idle, which results from the proper traffic demand management at this area.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.72-78
• /
• 2009

The regulation for $CO_2$ emissions from vehicles have become much more stringent in recent years. These more stringent regulations request vehicle manufacturers to develop alternative fuels to reduce exhaust emissions. In this paper, $CO_2$ emission of gasoline, diesel and LPG vehicles in the CVS-75mode is analyzed. The experimental results indicated that the cold starting acceleration period of $CO_2$ emission was much longer compared to the hot start acceleration period. For example, gasoline vehicle and LPG fuel vehicle had 21% higher $CO_2$ emission and diesel vehicle had 34% higher $CO_2$ emission.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2010.10a
• /
• pp.493-496
• /
• 2010

In this paper, We introduces 3 types of methods for estimation of a moving vehicle's CO2 emissions. These estimation methods include method based on distance traveled, method according to the calculation method proposed by the IPCC and method using vehicle information & chemical reaction equations. we describe the operating principle of each estimation method and we have driven down the actual road about 5km path because we compare performance of 3 types of methods for estimation of a driving vehicle's CO2 emissions.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.106-111
• /
• 2013

Adulterations fuel have been using in the vehicle in these days. Because gasoline, diesel prices are rising every day. so people find more cheap price fuel. Adulterations fuel caused a serious air pollution problems. Adulteration fuel were made from waste engine oil, waste paint. According to Government regulations permit to be used recycle fuel(adulteration fuel) only in industrial boiler. Unburned fuel pollutants are effected to human health. In this paper, the hazardous air pollutants characteristics in the diesel vehicles according to adulterations of vehicle fuels were carried out in the NEDC test mode in chassis dynamometer. It is revealed that the all of the regulation pollutants (THC, NOx, CO and PM) emission in the adulterations of vehicle fuels was increased also the green house gas, $CO_2$ was increased. In the hazardous air pollutants characteristics, the VOCs(Volitile Organic Compounds) BTEX(Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylene) emissions in the adulterations of vehicle fuels showed higher level than these in the diesel fuels.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.40-46
• /
• 2014

Recently rise in oil prices feet the burden on not only diesel vehicle driver but also LPG vehicle driver, and get interested in various way to reduce fuel costs. In this study discuss on exhaust emissions characteristics on driving cycle mode and ignition advance condition change of CNG/LPLI Bi-Fuel vehicle. Experimental test was performed by changing the conditions of fuel (LPG/CNG), spark advance (Base, $10^{\circ}CA$, $15^{\circ}CA$), and driving mode (FTP-75, HWFET, and NEDC). In case of CO emission, in the order of CNG Base, CNG S/A10, S/A15 condition are average reduced -21%, -35%, -29% respectively compared to LPG fuel. The active emission reduction from the initial engine start, spark retard is likely to be beneficial in catalyst warm-up and improve combustion stability rather than spark advance.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.17-23
• /
• 2011

It has been presumed that the amount of vehicle's $CO_2$ emission would highly related to vehicle's cruising speeds on highways. In this study, it was tested if vehicle's $CO_2$ emissions would relate to the types of highways and the level of congestion. The results showed that the amount of $CO_2$ emission changes depending on (1) the vehicles' cruising speeds (b) congestion levels, and (c) the types of intersections. It was found that the vehicle acceleration and deceleration methods increases the amount of $CO_2$ emission up to 12%. It was also found that it changed up to 30% and 40% depending on the level of congestion and the types of intersections, respectively. The findings imply that the amount of $CO_2$ emission from vehicles should be improved when vehicles' cruising speeds are well managed through congestion management.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.280-288
• /
• 2016

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have given rise to climate change which is one of the most serious environmental challenges that the world faces today. In response, Republic of Korea has proposed "Low Carbon, Green Growth" as a new economic paradigm accompanying with the ultimate aim of building a sense of responsibility for the environment. Korean government has set the ambitious national GHG emission reduction target which aims 37% reduction in the business-as-usual (BAU) level of 2030. The transportation sector plays a key role in this target. In the transportation sector, the GHG reduction target of 34.3% in the BAU level by 2020 has been allocated in order to consider the industrial specificity. Furthermore, it is known that the GHG reduction in the transportation sector has relatively minimal side effects compared to those of other sectors. In order to meet this national GHG reduction target, Korean government has set $CO_2$ emission regulation of vehicle for 2020. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the reduction effects by the average GHG regulation of vehicles. $CO_2$ emissions, between 2009 and 2013 were analysed by reduction measure such as technology improvement, light-weight, segment shift, diesel vehicle sales. During this period, $CO_2$ of vehicle was reduced every year by 19.9 g/km (i.e., 3.3% reduction per year). $CO_2$ reduction of imported vehicle is greater than domestic vehicle because of segment shift toward small size vehicle and higher diesel vehicle sales.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.377-393
• /
• 2016

Vehicle emissions have been known as a critical factor to give a negative impact on the public health. In particular, particulate matters(PM) and NOx are highly related with respiratory diseases such as asthma. This study aimed at analyzing spatio-temporal patterns of PM and NOx generated from urban freeway traffic. MOVES, which is a well-known emission analysis tool presented by US Environmental Protection Agency(EPA), was applied to estimate PM and NOx based on traffic volume and speed data obtained from Seoul Outer Ring Expressway during January~June, 2012. K-means clustering analysis was used for categorizing the Level of Vehicle Emissions(LOVE) to support more systematical identification of the significance of emissions. Then, spatio-temporal analyses of estimated emissions were conducted by LOVE. Finally, this study proposed a set of strategies to reduce both PM and NOx to enhance public health based on analysis results.