• 환경영향평가
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.384-401
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• 2016

본 연구는 하천환경평가체계 구축의 일환으로서 식생 평가 지표 및 평가 기준의 검증을 목적으로 수행하였다. 본 연구를 위해 5개 시험하천을 대상으로 68개의 평가단위에서 총 204개의 식생 표본조사구를 설정하였으며, 표본조사구별 상관-종조성 수준에서 식생군집의 분류 및 현존식생도를 작성하였다. 현존식생도를 기준으로 식생자료의 분석을 통해 표본조사의 적정 규모, 식생 지수의 점수 기준, 식생 군집분류의 표준화, 그리고 식생평가지표의 등급화를 위한 종합 점수기준을 검토하였다. 하천 식생 평가를 위해 개발된 식생 다양도 지수와 식생 복잡도, 그리고 식생자연도 지수로 이루어진 식생평가지표의 종합점수 산정 및 등급화는 타당한 것으로 판단되었다. 식생평가지표의 등급화에 대한 식생지수의 기여도를 분석한 결과 식생자연도 지수가 다른 지수에 비해 보다 큰 역할을 하는 것으로 판단되었으나 세부 식생지수 사이의 상호보완적인 관계가 성립되어 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 선행 연구에서의 기준의 재검토 및 식생군집 분류의 표준화 작업 등을 통해 개정된 기준을 적용한 결과 식생평가등급 간 변별력이 크게 확보되었음을 확인 할 수 있었으나, 하천구간의 유형에 따른 식생 지수 및 식생평가지표의 등급화는 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2011

This study was carried out to suggest the baseline data necessary for vegetation restoration at riverine wetland within stream corridor. We used the prevalence index for wetland assessment by applying the method of weighted averages with index values based on five hydrophyte indicator status as defined by estimated probability occurred in wetland. We selected near nature and urbanized reach of Gap and Yanghwa streams as experimental site. Although two sites have some different disturbance and characteristics of watershed, they showed that similarity of vegetation community including three dominant species - Salix koreensis, Phragmites communis, Miscanthus sacchariflorus - was very high. But in case of Yanghwa stream, various kinds of emergent plants along wetted condition were distinctly occurred, resulted from difference of hydrological regime and substrate, etc. Degree of naturalness of vegetation at the sampled areas indicated that near nature area of Gap stream and all area of Yanghwa stream were fitted as riverine wetland, while urbanized area of Gap stream has changed into upland condition. In conclusion assessment system using prevalence index would be considered an effective method for evaluating of natural states of riverine wetland, but further integrated consideration of physical, hydrological, and biological factors of stream process, and also with considering the difference between those qualitative data of vegetation community.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.21-37
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• 2010

남강 본류로 유입되는 경상남도 진주시 관내에 소재한 13개 지류에서 습지의 보전 현황을 평가하고 우수한 습지생태계를 발굴하며 인위적인 훼손과 오염으로부터 습지생태계를 보호하기 위한 보전 대책을 제시하기 위하여 습지생태계의 생물 서식지로서의 물리적 특성과 식생의 자연도를 조사하였다. 지류 주변의 토지 이용, 제방상단의 생태적 기능, 제방 사면의 구조, 둔치의 인공화 정도 및 이용 강도, 호안의 인공화 정도, 하상 재료의 다양성, 하천의 횡단 구조물 등으로부터 산정한 물리적 특성의 자연도 평가지수는 오미천이 가장 높고 반성천, 향양천, 그리고 나불천, 영천강 및 수곡천, 중촌천, 대곡천 등의 순이었으며, 문산천이 가장 낮았다. 식생의 다양성, 외래종의 우점면적, 1년생 초본의 우점면적, 현존식생의 자연도 및 특이성, 종다양성 등으로부터 산정한 식생자연도의 평가지수는 오미천이 가장 높고, 수곡천, 반성천, 영천강, 중촌천, 지내천, 나불천, 지수천 등의 순이었으며 용아천이 가장 낮았다. 물리적 특성과 식생 자연도의 평가지수로부터 산정한 하천 자연도는 오미천이 I등급으로 가장 높고, II등급인 반성천, 수곡천, 영천강, 나불천 및 중촌천, 향양천, 지내천, 지수천, 대곡천, 문산천 및 독산천 등의 순이었으며, 용아천이 III등급으로 가장 낮았다. 지류의 습지생태계를 복원하여 하천의 자연도를 향상시키기 위한 보전대책이 제시되었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.218-227
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• 2011

The objective approach for assessment of stream naturalness is an essential part of the stream restoration project. This study proposes the methodology for the assessment of stream naturalness considering physical, biological and chemical factors. Physical factors consists of riffle and pool, river bed material, bank protection, floodplain vegetation and levee materials; biological factors are benthic macroinvertebrate, KSI (Korean Saprobic Index), and IBI (Index of Biological Integrity) and chemical factors are pH, DO (dissolved oxygen), and TP (total phosphorus). This procedure is applied to the Mokgamcheon. As a result, the downstream of Mokgamcheon (zone I) needs the prompt improvement of stream naturalness, compared to the others (zone II and III). This evaluation technique will be an effective tool to quantify the stream naturalness and can be used to set the target of stream restoration project.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.33-47
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• 1996

To select the criteria, literature review was made in the quantitative case of conservation biology, foreign country's EIA and domestic ecology. Among them, a few factors was extracted. To applicate the criteria to domestic forest ecosystem, expert opinion survey was executed to the ecologist. The results were summarized as follows; 1. Classification of sites was made of land use system which is related to forest ecosystem or forest conservation. Sites are divided into 3 categories which are nature preservation area, seminature preservation area and urbanized area. Evaluation criteria is consisted of rarity and naturalness. 2. Each area had different criteria composition according to the site characteristics. Criteria of nature preservation area is rarity in the broad sense (distribution pattern of vegetation), vegetation size, successional stage and depth of organic matters. Those of seminature preservation area are rarity in the broad sense (distribution area of vegetation), vegetation size, successional stage, diameter at breath height and depth of organic matters. And those of urbanized area are vegetation distribution in area, successional stage, age of forest and diameter of breath height. The basic data of criterion was gathered by field survey. 3. Evaluation index and total naturalness index was obtained by adding the each criterion. It is made up of two categories-rarity and naturalness. TNi is divided into 3 grades. Grade I is more than 70% for TNi, grade IT is 50~70%, and grade III is below 50%. According to the each grade, permitted action and facilities were suggested.. This research just focuses on the evaluation of vegetation quality and the assessment results do not directly judge conservation or development. To make better evaluation criteria, various fields of forest ecosystem-geological or physical nature environment and fauna ecosystem etc. -will be added wholly to this research.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.535-545
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• 2011

본 연구는 하도 내 홍수터 중심의 하천습지를 대상으로 현존 식생군집의 분석결과를 기준으로 식생 우세도지수를 산정하여 하천습지의 자연도를 평가함으로써 식생학적 복원의 기초자료를 제시하고자 수행되었다. 본 연구의 대상지는 금강수계의 논산천과 한강수계의 홍천강으로 일정한 하천구간을 선정하여 자연구간과 도시구간으로 구분 한 후 상관식생의 군집 및 토지이용 유형을 조사분석하고, 습지식생의 우세도 지수를 적용하여 하천습지의 자연도 평가를 수행하였다. 논산천과 홍천강은 유역의 규모와 특성, 하천환경의 교란과정 및 훼손의 상태 등에 있어서의 상당한 차이를 반영하듯 조사분석된 식생군집 및 토지이용의 양상도 많은 차이를 나타내었다. 특히 상관 식생군집의 공통성도 갯버들 1종을 제외하고는 매우 상이하였고, 또한 토지이용 양상도 많은 차이를 보였다. 습지식생의 우세도 지수를 적용하여 하천습지의 자연도를 평가한 결과 논산천과 홍천강 모두 자연구간이 도시구간에 비해 습지로서의 적합성이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 반면 논산천과 홍천강의 자연구간만의 비교평가시 논산천의 자연도가 높게 나타났으나 이는 홍천강의 경우 제방사면이나 천이고지에 정착한 육상형 식생군집이 포함된데 기인하는 것이라 판단된다. 결론적으로 습지식생 우세도 지수에 의한 하천습지의 자연도 평가결과는 양하천수계 및 구간의 하천환경 특성을 상당하게 반영하고 있다고 판단된다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.61-69
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• 2011

Integrated stream naturalness based on abiotic and biotic factors were developed. Abiotic factors considered in this study were types of land use in the riparian area, river bank and high water bed streamside, revetment, bed substrate and artificial construction of streamside. Biotic factors included types of vegetation, assemblages of fish, macroinvertebrate, bird and mammal(Otter) in streams. The presence/absence of legal species and biological assessment index were also weighted as important parameters in this study. Scoring criteria selected for each matrix was five rating system; 1=poor, 2=moderate, 3=fair, 4=good, 5=excellent. Numerical ratings for the matrix were then summed. This resulted in a minimum score of 13 if all matrix at a site were poor, and a maximum score of 65 if all matrix were excellent. Five grade system from poor(I) to excellent condition(V) was employed. To verify its validity in natural environment, the evaluation system was applied to the Gapchun stream which is a test bed selected. Our result showed that stream naturalness of each reach was clearly distinguished by biotic and abiotic characteristics. Determination of correlation coefficient between abiotic and biotic factors was also high ($R^2=0.96$, p<0.05). In conclusion, assessment for stream naturalness reflecting abiotic and biotic factors was useful method representing stream integrated.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2004

This study aims to figure out ecological characteristic of natural forests focusing on vegetation as a way of ecological renovation for the restoration of naturalness for golf courses that were constructed in the Country and to present vegetation models and appropriate tree species for the purpose. The study site is P golf club, which is located in Gapyong-gun, Kyeonggi Province. The site is within a forest where the grade from the natural ecology map is the first one and the level from the green index accounts for the eight, thus showing a typical environment for a golf course in terms of location. The location of the site explains a reason for restoration. The major substance of the study is to conduct ecological evaluation of vegetation structures around and inside the golf course and to present a vegetation model. In order to evaluate the ecological characteristics of the vegetation structures, the analysis of the study covered succession stages, multi-layer vegetation structures and species diversity. Plant communities that have high species diversity were selected for the vegetation model and proper density and species were proposed considering the number of species and individuals and distances between trees. The vegetation restoration model targets succession into an oak forest. Within a unit of 100 $m^2$, the recommended model include a tall-tree layer with 11 trees such as Quercus serrata and Quercus mongolica, a sub-tall-tree layer with 12 trees including Quercus mongolica, Quercus serrata, Prunus sargentii, Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Acer pseudo sieboldianum, a shrub layer with 32 trees from 16 species, and a grass layer with a cover rate of 45 %. The proposed vegetation restoration model needs to apply to : 1) damaged natural forests by the construction of golf courses; 2) boundaries between golf courses and surrounding forests; 3) buffer zones; 4) open spaces in between courses; and 5) areas between greens and tees where open spaces are available in a mass. In conclusion, one of the most important factors in presenting a vegetation model for the restoration of naturalness in the golf course and other damaged forests is to provide multi-layer vegetation structures that are composed of native species. As for the specific application for the site, it is recommended to manage the vegetation in such a way that the environment of the site can have a similar environment to the surrounding forest which is expected to succeed into an oaks-dominant one.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제52권spc2호
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• pp.765-776
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• 2019

본 연구는 하천복원사업의 전 과정에서 활용될 수 있는 법 제도적 지침과 기준을 제공하고 하천사업의 성과를 진단 평가할 수 있는 한국형 표준화된 하천환경 평가체계 구축과정의 일환으로서 하천생태계의 수변 및 수서환경을 대변할 수 있는 4개의 생물 분류군, 즉 식생과 조류, 그리고 저서 무척추동물과 어류의 평가지표 및 기준 등 평가체계를 구축하였다. 구체적으로 생물적 특성의 평가지표 및 기준을 정리하면, 식생의 경우 식생 다양도와 식생 복잡도, 그리고 식생 자연도 등 3가지 지수의 조합을 통한 하천 식생군집의 구조적 특성을 정량적으로 평가할 수 있도록 하였다. 저서 무척추동물과 어류, 그리고 조류의 경우도 선진 기법의 과학적 근거를 바탕으로 우리나라 하천특성에 적합하도록 생물적 자료의 평가등급 획정에 따른 정량적인 생물지수 평가법을 제안하였다. 아울러 하천환경 자연도의 한 부문인 생물적 특성의 평가를 위하여 이들 4개 생물분류군의 가중치를 적용한 종합 생물지수 및 평가등급화 방안을 제시하였으며, 이에 대한 시험하천의 적용결과에서도 생물분류군 간 비교적 일관성 있게 하천환경의 특성을 반영하고 있는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.45-64
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• 2014

This study was carried out to offer the ecological data for restoring and maintaining a local stream by analyzing the vegetation and flora in Geumsan Stream and Gisa Stream, Geumsan-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea. As a result of comparison of realities of land use near Geumsan Stream and Gisa Stream, in Geumsan Stream, the ratio of residential areas, commercial and business places, and places of transportation facilities was high. With these types of land use aggregating densely in the center, farmlands were formed on both sides. On the other hand, in Gisa Stream, farmlands were distributed evenly in all sections. As a result of comparison of flora of the two streams, Geumsan Stream had a total of 166 taxons including 53 families, 131 genuses, 139 species, 23 varieties, and 4 forms, and Gisa Stream had a total of 142 taxons including 42 families, 111 genuses, 116 species, 21 varieties, and 5 forms. As a result of calculation of the Naturalization Index and Urbanization Index, the indices were analyzed to be 23.5% and 12.1% in Geumsan Stream and to be 21.8% and 9.7% in Gisa Stream, respectively. Hence, Geumsan Stream showed higher figures in both evaluation indices than those of Gisa Stream. In addition, as a result of calculation of the Actual Urbanization Index, which is the index supplemented by considering the species pool and area, it could be known that Geumsan Stream (0.0285) was urbanized more than Gisa Stream (0.0107) by about 2.7 times. A total of 18 plant communities were classified in Geumsan Stream and Gisa Stream. In Geumsan Stream, 14 vegetation types were identified, and it was analyzed that there are various vegetation types including Phalaris arundinacea community, Zoysia japonica community, Phragmites japonica-Phalaris arundinacea community, etc. evenly distributed. 11 vegetation types were identified in Gisa Stream, and it was examined that Phragmites japonica community is widely distributed in all sections.