• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 2001

본 연구는 지리산국립공원 아고산대 훼손지에서 식생복원 효과를 구명하기 위하여 야생풀포기심기, 개량토포설, 환경피해도 요인을 고려하여 입지환경이 다른 2개 대상지에 실험구를 설치한 후 4년(1997년~2000년) 동안 식생피복도와 종다양성을 조사. 분석하였다. 신림지대와 초원지대에서의 복원실험은 야생풀포기이식, 개량토포설, 환경피해도 요인간 상호작용효과는 없었으나, 야생풀포기이식 처리수준간에는 고도의 유의한 차이가 인정되었다. 국립공원 능선부 훼손지의 식생복원 실험 결과 토양이 습한 산림지대에서는 야생풀포기이식 15%피복 처리수준에서 2년안에 식생피복이 이루어졌고, 종다양성은 3년만에 복원되었다. 또한 무처리구에서 3년안에 식생피복이 이루어졌으나, 종다양성은 복원되지 않았다. 바람이 많고, 토양침식이 심한 능선부 초원지대에서는 3년후에 야행풀포기이식과 30% 피복 처리수준에서 식생피복이 양호하게 이루어졌으며, 종다양성은 복원되지 않았다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.95-113
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• 2018

We studied the change of wetland vegetation structure to understand ecological restoration process of wetlands through the field survey of ecological restoration projects in Incheon, Iksan and Busan. We compared the vegetation plan at the time of planted with the results of the vegetation monitoring in 2018, and analyzed the changes in wetland vegetation structure. Based on results, we attempted to understand the restoration process of those wetlands and discuss the management measures for sustainable wetland restoration. As a result, in the Incheon Yeonhee restoration wetland, the number of plant species was increased, from 18 species in 2016 to 29 in 2018. The dominant species, Myriophyllum verticillatum, covered the wetland most and its occupied area was increased. On the other hand, the distribution area of the planted emergent hydrophytes was reduced. The area of open water decreased from 71.7% in 2016 to 48.8% in 2018. In Busan Igidae restoration wetland, the number of plant species was increased, from 6 species in 2014 to 31 in 2018. The dominant species was Myriophyllum verticillatum and its occupied area was increased. The area of floating plant communities that planned has decreased. The open water area decreased from 83.9% in 2014 to 31.8% in 2018. In Iksan Sorasan restoration wetland, the number of plant species was increased, from 13 species in 2016 to 36 in 2018. The dominant species was Phragmites communis Trin. and its occupied area was increased. The other planted species showed a tendency to be decreased by Phragmites communis Trin. and its terrestrialization. The open water area decreased from 86.6% in 2016 to 6.7% in 2018. These results suggest that wetlands should be managed by considering the change of vegetation structure and open water areas based on the following succession process, because it affects the habitat suitability of wetland organisms and biodiversity as well. Thus, the continuous monitoring for the ecological structure of restored wetland is important, and it could be possible step to develop sustainable wetland ecological restoration model.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.76 no.2
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• pp.127-137
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• 1987

This study was conducted to examine the effects of trampling on the changes in soil and vegetation around the trails. The study areas were established both on the trails and in the forested areas located in Ui and Jeongnung valleys at Pukhansan National Park. Soil core sampling, measurements of vegetations and counts of persons visited per hour were done during the period from April 6 to October 9, 1986. The physical properties of soils became better with increasing distances from the trail, and the best conditions were observed in the forested areas. The differences were not significant among the zones within the trailside. More number of individuals and basal area (or coverage) in woody plants were observed in the forested areas than at trailsides. For the herb layer, however, more number of individuals and coverage were shown at the trailside. In the Ui valley, the quantitative measures of herbaceous plants decreased as the bulk density and penetration resistance increased. In the Jeongnung valley, however, only bulk density was negatively related to the quantitative measures. The fact that there were poor relations between soil factors and quantitative measures of herbaceous plants in Jeongnung valley might be influenced by other factors rather than soil compaction. Thus, more research would be needed to understand the critical factors affecting the vegetational changes in recreation areas.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.71-79
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• 2015

This paper describes vegetation based soil-media hydroseeding measures that have been previously applied as slope revegetation methods show problems such as insufficient binding force, drying, and insufficient organic matter. In particular, in the case of slope faces in regions where scattering is severe, a vicious circle exists in which remarkably low vegetation cover rates and increases in withering rates over time lead to further decreases in vegetation cover rates, which lead to further increases in erosion and scattering. Therefore, in the present study, environment friendly soil stabilizers were applied for resistance against erosion or scattering and engineering evaluations such as long-term immersion tests and flow resistance tests were conducted to determine appropriate mixing ratios. According to the results of long-term immersion tests utilizing environment friendly soil stabilizers and existing greening soil based materials, 100% collapse occurred at 30 hours and 40 days in the case of soil stabilizer mixing ratios of 0% and 2%, respectively. While the original form of the samples remained intact until the experiment was completed in the case of mixing ratios exceeding 4% indicating that 2% or higher soil stabilizer mixing ratios could affect the maintenance of forms even under extreme conditions. In addition, artificial rainfall tests were conducted on 40, 45, and 55 degree slope faces to evaluate the structural stability of vegetation based materials. Flow resistance tests were conducted on soil stabilizer mixing ratios of 0, 4, 8% to evaluate erosion resistance capability. Based on the results of the tests, environment friendly soil stabilizers applied for prevention of scattering or resistance against erosion by rainwater are considered to provide large effects to reduce losses and loss rates showed a tendency of decreasing rapidly when soil stabilizers were mixed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.84 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to analyze the process of natural plant establishment and revegetation on the slopes of landslide scars, both untreated(l4 plots) and treated plots (14 plots) with rehabilitation measures in 1993 and 1994 at Yongin Hwaseong-gun region. While total of 61 species were identified at surveyed sites. in the region, the pioneer species on landslide scars were Lespedeza cyrtobotrya, Arundinella hirta, Artemisia princeps, Pteridium acquilinum, Erigeron canadensis. Rubus crataegifolius, Stephanandra incisa etc. The species diversity (H') and evenness(E') of the untreated scars were greater than those of the treated scars. Similarity indices in the untreated scars were higher than those in the treated scars, and succession indices showed similar value in both areas. As a conclusion, this study shows that the untreated scars were more influenced by the around-vegetation, and the native vegetations(plants) like Lespedeza cyrtobotrya, Arundinella hirta. Miscanthus sinensis, Artemisia princeps, Pteridium acquilinum, Erigeron canadensis. Rubus crataegifolius, Stephanandra incisa ete. could be more effectively used as plant vegetation for rehabilitation of landslide scars.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.222-246
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• 2012

Present paper is an outcome of a four-year floristic survey work carried out in Upper Siang district of eastern Himalayan region in India which is also recognized as one of the 39 known 'Biodiversity Hot-Spots' of the world. We present here with a vegetation analysis of this area along with a checklist of 1,003 taxa belonging to 110 families, 529 genera, 994 species, 1 subspecies and 8 varieties of the angiosperms. Besides, one new species, 3 new records to India and 82 endemic species were also recorded. The diversity of herbs and shrubs were found higher than the tree species. Orchidaceae was found the most dominant family followed by Poaceae and Fabaceae. Many threatened plants have also been reported from the area. However, rapid urbanization and Jhum cultivation are imposing direct threat to the natural vegetation. We suggest some conservation measures that could help protecting this natural heritage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.110-120
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• 2009

The hipped roof on the research building, which was constructed 51.9m above sea level on a hillock by Korea National University of Education in June 1999, is composed of four inclined planes which are 12m in breadth, 8m in length and have a 30 degree gradient. For the roof vegetation, the yellow earth collected from around the building was laid on top. It was designed to supply the soil on the slope with water for a considerable period by making rainfall pool at the edges. In order to prevent the soil on the slope from being swept away, 31 sorts of grass seeds were imported from Germany and sown in the soil. At the present day, 10 years after the seeds began to sprout and inhabit the settled slope, 30 individual plant species were identified in the period between April 2008 and March 2009. Out of 31 species were seeded on the slanted, soiled roof, only 8 were still alive. It was confirmed that the Artemisia Princeps var, Chrysantheum, Prunella Vulgaris and Lespedeza Cuneata have been the major species inhabiting the east, west, south and north inclined planes respectively. The Phragmites Communis was inhabiting the edge of the roof where the water supply was adequate, while the Dianthus Barbatus was primarily inhabiting the south-east side of the roof. As a whole, 26 identifiable plants and 4 unidentified plants were observed on the inclined planes of the hipped roof. In consideration of the plant distribution on the slope, it was confirmed that the selection of seeds may have had an effect on the slope vegetation. As for the yellow earth laid on the roof, it was discovered that about 2~3cm thickness around the ridge was swept away, but the rest of the slope was in relatively good condition. Accordingly, it has been proven that vegetations can be applied to hipped roofs by using ordinary plants without any special structural measures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.92-103
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• 2008

Development of new approaches to achieve naturally good ecological potential of forest road cut-slope by making the best use of advantages of gabion systems with vegetation base materials to prevent slope failure and erosion, in the area with highly erodible soil. As a result on the type analysis of gabion systems already installed in road cut-slopes, gabion systems were generally established to prevent slope failure. Existing gabion systems can be divided into monolithic and modular system and can be divided into ten subtypes according to the purpose of establishment and combination of other measures. As a result on the monitoring of erosion amount from forest road cut-slopes in the test applications, the order of erosion amount from largest to smallest is as follows : the curved road cut-slope site where normal gabion system was established ($7,911cm^3$); the control site ($7,632cm^3$); the straight road cut-slope site where normal gabion system was established ($7,301cm^3$); the curved road cut-slope site where the new gabion system was established ($5,684cm^3$); and the straight road cut-slope site where the new gabion system ($5,325cm^3$). Therefore, the result shows that the new gabion system is more effective than the normal gabion system to reduce erosion amount from forest ! road cut-slopes. During the study period, vegetation coverages of the straight and curved road cut-slope site where the new gabion system was established were about 45% and about 36%, so average vegetation coverage of the sites where the new gabion systems was established was higher than the sites where the normal gabion systems was established. Therefore, it was concluded that the new gabion system can be more effective for cut-slope revegetation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.187-200
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• 2020

Despite the eco-friendly route plan, road slopes were collapsed due to road construction, resulting in human and property damage. To solve this problem, the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs established guidelines in 2009 to conduct a test-bed for slope recording considering the conditions of the site and the ecological environment, and divided them into recording quality and economic evaluation. The following results were obtained by analyzing 183 construction methods of cut-soil sections at 60 sites from 2012 to 2018 for road slope afforestation research. Straw net+seedspray, vegetation media spray method 1T, 3T were used the most, and vegetation media spray method 3T(patent) was excellent in quality, and straw net+seedspray was excellent in economics. As a result of analyzing the market unit price and the construction unit price, vegetation media spray method submitted the construction unit price at up to 60% lower than the market unit price. As a result of the analysis of the key factors of the greening method evaluation, the economic assessment had the greatest influence on all evaluation items. Problems in the evaluation method of revegetation were first identified as problems in the allocation of points and secondly as problems in the evaluation criteria. As for the improvement of the economic assessment criteria, the method was proposed to evaluate the same method based on market unit price when the same method was constructed, and not to conduct an economic assessment if there was a difference in market unit price between methods, or to add weight to the scores. Based on the monitoring data of 60 road slopes, this study drew up problems and improvement measures. However, with regard to scoring, research on appropriate scoring is needed by examining the current status.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.361-371
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• 2020

Since the implementation of the sunset law in 2020, concerns have been raised over the reckless development of long-term non-executed urban parks. In this study, the FSDAF method and CASA-NPP model were used to evaluate the annual average NPP of long-term non-executed urban parks in Seoul. Based on this, the carbon loss and economic value were assessed under five development scenarios. The total NPP value of long-term non-executed urban parks, except for the greenbelt area in Seoul, was 4,892.18 t C. In the first scenario, the NPP and cost were 4,892.18 t C of vegetation carbon and 1.18 billion won, 2,548.55 t C of vegetation carbon and 615 million won in the second scenario, 238.94 t C of vegetation carbon and 58 million won in the third scenario, 848.38 t C of vegetation carbon and 205 million won in the fourth scenario, and 1,596.00 t C of vegetation carbon and 385 million won in the fifth scenario. These results are meaningful for evaluating vegetation carbon and economic value loss according to five different development scenarios. The results of this study are expected to be useful for the preparation of measures to minimize the impact of the development of long-term non-executed urban parks.