• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.201-210
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• 2005

This study was conducted to prepare efficient and systematic measures for nature conservation and management in Beomseom Islet, and to provide for basic data to investigate the process of vegetation change in the future. The vegetation of Beomseom Islet was classified to six vegetation type; i.e., Miscanthus sinensis community, Pinus thunbergii community, Iythophyte vegetation, evergreen broad leaf community, shrub community, and Pseudosasa japonica community. The size of each vegetation type was 40,230 $m^2$ ($23.3\%$) for shrub community, 39,366 $m^2$($22.8\%$) for Iythophyte vegetation, 30,012 $m^2$ ($17.4\%$) fur Pinus thunbergii community, 29,853 $m^2$ ($17.3\%$) for Miscanthus sinensis community, 5,564 $m^2$ ($3.2\%$) for evergreen broad leaf community, and 3,325 $m^2$ ($1.9\%$) for Pseudosasa japonica community. The area of non-vegetated sea cliff Bone that composed of bare rocks is 24,246 $m^2$($14.1\%$). We estimated that these distribution patterns of vegetation were the result of various environmental factors such as the steepness of slope and shallowness of soil as well as the cultivation of exotic plants causing disruption of native vegetation.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.386-398
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• 2016

To understand the vegetation structure in the ridgeline area of Nakdong-jeongmaek, six primary areas in Nakdong-jeongmaek were selected and their vegetation distribution was surveyed considering the environmental conditions and artificial influences. According to the results of community classification based on TWINSPAN, the vegetation in the surveyed region was categorized into 9 groups: Betula costata-Quercus mongolica community, Q. mongolica community, Pinus densiflora-Q. mongolica community, P. densiflora community, Deciduous oaks-P. densiflora community, Deciduous oaks community, P. thunbergii community, P. koraiensis-P. rigida community, and Chamaecyparis obtusa-Alnus firma community. In Baekbyeongsan(Mt.) located in Taebaek-si of Gangwon-do, Betula costata-Quercus mongolica community was found, reflecting the environmental characteristics of northern temperate climate. P. thunbergii community appeared in Gudeoksan(Mt.) of Busan metropolitan city, which is near the coast. Since Gudeoksan(Mt.) is near to the downtown and its altitude above the sea is relatively low, people visit the area often. Therefore, C. obtusa and P. thunbergii have been planted for producing forest trees and implementing anti-erosion afforestation. In the other primary survey areas, Q. mongolica-dominant communities, P. densiflora-dominant communities, and deciduous oak-dominant communities, which are representative forest vegetation types of Jeongmaeks in South Korea, were mainly distributed, showing no significant difference compared to the forest vegetation types of other Jeongmaeks. Since the Nakdong-jeongmaek from south to north, it shows clear characteristics of vegetation changes between the northern temperate climate and the warm temperate climate of the south.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.185-201
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• 1994

The Quercus mongolica forest vegetation of Mt. Myongji was classified into two communities including four subunit communities and one typical subunit community by the Z-M method as follows: Acer pseudo-sieboldianum-Quercus mongolica community group Quercus mongolica - Isodon excisus community Quercus mongolica - Styrax obassia community Quercus mongolica - Lespedeza bicolor subunit coummunity Quercus mongolica - Aconitum longecassidatum subunit community Quercus mongolica - Rhododendrom schlippenbachii subunit community Quercus mongolica - Cornus controversa subunit community Quercus mongolica - Styrax obassia typical subunit community Acer pseudo-sieboldianum - Quercus mongolica community group was distributed over the upper region of the altitude 400m, and the differential species in the community were Carex siderosticata, Sephanandra incisa, Tripterygium regelii, and Fraxinus rhynchophylla. The vegetation patterns for the slope and azimuth showed that the highest importance value for Quercus mongolica forest was observed on the broad subxeric area, and for Carpinus cordata and Acer pseudo-sieboldianum on the wet site, for Acer mono, Styrax obassia, Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa on the xeric site. The best habitat condition for Quercus mongolica was found at a subxeric site at the altitude of 700-900m on southern slope and that for Acer pseudo-sieboldianum at the 700-1100m on northern slope.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2016

The phytosociological study was carried out to investigate the structural characteristics of coastal vegetaion in South Korea. The vegetation data of total 102 sites were analyzed by the $Z{\ddot{u}}rich$-Montpellier school's method. Eleven community of coastal vegetation were recognized : Vitex rotundifolia-Rosa wichuraiana community, Calystegia soldanella community, Carex kobomugi-Elymus mollis community, Zoysia sinica community, Suaeda maritima community, Suaeda australis community, Suaeda glauca-Atriplex gmelinii community, Suaeda japonica community, Phragmites communis community and Calamagrostis epigeios community. Principal componant analysis (PCA) showed the similar result with phytosoiological classification.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.193-201
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• 2017

This study was carried out to obtain basic ecological information required for wetland restoration in Korea where wetland is very deficient. To arrive at the objective, we collected the basic ecological information for wetland restoration in four Doombeongs located on Goesan of Chungcheongbuk-do (province), central Korea where maintains relatively integrate feature of Doombeong. Synthesized horizontal distribution of vegetation based on vegetation established naturally except that established by artificial interference, Potamogeton distinctus community, Spirodela polyrhiza community, Sagittaria aginashi community, Trapa japonica community, Scirpus triangulatus community, and Sparganium japonicum community, Persicaria thunbergii community, Juncus effusus var. decipiens community, Ludwigia prostrata community, Humulus japonicus community, Persicaria nodosa community, Miscanthus sacchariflorus community, Phragmites communis - P. japonica community, and Scirpus radicans community, S. gracilistyla community, Spiraea prunifolia for. simpliciflora community, and Rosa multiflora community, and Salix koreensis community and Acer tataricum subsp. ginnala community tended to be established in aquatic zone, herbaceous plant dominated vegetation zone, shrub dominated vegetation zone, and tree and sub-tree dominated vegetation zone, respectively. As the result of DCA ordination based on vegetation data collected from several Doombeongs and their surrounding areas, plant communities tended to be classified into aquatic, wetland, and riparian plant dominated stands. Spatial niche and species composition of major plant communities composing those stands were suggested as the reference information for creating ecological pond as a type of wetland. Further, the importance of wetland and the necessity of wetland restoration was discussed based on functions that the wetland displays.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.28-51
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze forest vegetation structure in Marugeum (the ridge line) area between Dakmokryeong and Daetjae in Baekdudaegan through vegetation classification, importance value, species diversity, and CCA using the data that were collected from 245 quadrates through Braun-Blanquet vegetation survey method from May to September in 2017. The results of the forest vegetation classification identified 8 vegetation units with Quercus mongolica community group at the highest level. Q. mongolica community group was classified into the Cornus controversa community, Buxus koreana community, Sasa borealis community, Abies nephrolepis community, and Q. mongolica typical community. C. controversa community was further classified into Quercus dentata group, Filipendula glaberrima group, Larix kaempferi group, and C. controversa typical group. The result of the important value analysis showed that Q. dentata had the highest importance value at 19.1% in vegetation unit 1 while Q. mongolica had the highest importance value at 22.7%, 38.3%, 25.6%, 41.3%, 27.9%, and 41.6% in vegetation unit 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, respectively, and L. kaempferi had the highest importance value at 27.6% in vegetation unit 3. As such, Q. mongolica species generally represented the communities of Marugeum (the ridge line) area of Dakmokryeong to Daetjae in Baekdudaegan. The results of species diversity showed that vegetation unit 1 and 2 were 3.305 and 3.236, respectively, which were relatively higher than other vegetation units. It was considered that this result was due to the influence of high emergence of present species. The results of the CCA analysis of the correlations between biotic environmental factors and vegetation types showed that vegetation unit 1 was mainly correlated with the megaphanerophyte ratio and vine plant ratio. In the correlations between abiotic environmental factors and vegetation types, vegetation unit 7 was significantly correlated with altitude. From the perspective of ecological management, vegetation unit 5 represented by B. koreana community was inhabited by a variety of plants due to the species composition and location environment due to the geological characteristics that are typical of limestone area. Vegetation unit 7 represented by A. nephrolepis community was typified as subalpine vegetation widely distributed by relict species and endemic species. We concluded that it is necessary to manage these vegetation units with an ecologically differentiated approach.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.357-361
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• 2007

This study was conducted to evaluate the vegetation structure of the Peucedanum japonicum community by the phytosociological method of floristic composition table and cluster analysis on the southern coast of Korea. The vegetation of the Peucedanum japonicum community was classified mainly into 2 communities such as the Miscanthus sinensis community and the Lysimachia mauritiana-Rosa wichuraiana community. The Carex boottiana and Sedum oryzifolium community were classified as the lower rank of Miscanthus sinensis community. On level 1 of the cluster analysis of plant species, they were classified into Lysimachia mauritiana and Rosa wichuraiana group, also Miscanthus sinensis, Carex boottiana and Sedum oryzifolium in Peucedanum japonicum community, which is similar to the community classification shown in the synoptic table. On level 1 of the cluster analysis of relev, inland coast with Jejudo was Lysimachia mauritiana and Rosa wichuraiana of group such as level 1 of the cluster analysis of plant species, and island coast with Geomundo was Miscanthus sinensis Carex boottiana and Sedum oryzifolium of group such as cluster analysis of plant species.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.1047-1055
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• 2010

This research conducted a vegetation survey on Mt. Changbai which are habitats of Papaver radicatum var. pseudoradicatum to obtain a basic data for artificial cultivation. The habitas of P. radicatum var. pseudoradicatum consisted of two communities as Dryas octopetala var. asiatica community and Aconogonon ajanense community. The community units as D. octopetala var. asiatica community and A. ajanense community belong to alpine vegetation in Mt. Changbai. A. ajanense community is distributed around altitude of 2007-2061m, and D. octopetala var. asiatica community is distributed altitude of 2350-2570m at relatively high elevation. According to the correlation between the vegetation structure and elevation. This vegetation structure can be simplified at the herb layer. The vegetation is classified into D. octopetala var. asiatica community and A. ajanense community on the axis 1 basis in the BC ordination analysis. Further, there appeared higher plant life totalling to 40 taxa comprising 35 species, 4 varieties and 1 forma with 20 families and 34 genuses at the whole survey area. Among these, Cyperaceae and Ericaceae plants excellent in resistance to environment was surveyed the most, accounting for 16%.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.103-108
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• 2003

This study examined the coastal sand dune vegetation before and after the construction of an embankment on Anmado Island in order to compare vegetation in relation to the development of islands. A total of 24 species distributed on the sand dunes. 18 species were found to be in common before and after the construction of the embankment, which included Vitex rotundifolia, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii, Zoysia sinica, etc. The species which were not found in this survey included Rumex japonicus, Setaria viridis, Portulaca oleracea, Artemisia japonica, Poiygonum aviculare, etc, and new species included Arena fatua, Carex boottiana, Lycium chinense, Leonurus sibiricus, Torilis japonica, Solanum carolinense, etc. The washing away of sand brought about the changes in habitat and the increase in naturalized plants, which included Oenothera odorata, Lepidium apetalum, Bidens bipinnata, Erigeron canadensis, Datura stramonium, Xanthium strumarium, Arena fatua, Solanum carolinense etc. In addition, the disturbance to this habitat led to the changes in vegetation. The main plant communities in the surveyed site were classified as Vitex rotundifolia-Imperata cylindrica var. koenigil community, Zoysia sinica-Calystegia soldanella community and Messerschmidia sibirica community. The sand dune vegetation on Anmado Island changed with regard to the community and the composition of species after the construction of the embankment, due to the sand being severely eroded. While Vitex rotundifolia community and Commelina communis community were found before the construction of the embankment, they were replaced by Vitex rotundifolia-Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii community, Zoysia sinica-Calystegia soldanella community and Messerschmidia sibirica community, after the construction of the embankment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.107 no.3
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• pp.245-257
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• 2018

The study was carried out to discover the forest vegetation structure in Hongdo Island, Jeonnam province. Vegetation data were collected by total of forty one quadrate plots using Z-M phytosociological method from June to August in 2017, and analyzed by vegetation classification, mean importance value and species diversity. As a result of vegetation type classification, Castanopsis sieboldii community group was classified at a top level of vegetation hierarchy. In the level of community, it was classified into Neolitsea sericea community and Carpinus turczaninowii community. N. sericea community was subdivided into Ficus erecta group(Vegetation unit 1) and Arisaema ringens group(VU 2). C. turczaninowii community was subdivided into Fraxinus sieboldiana group(VU 3) and C. turczaninowii typical group(VU 4). Therefore, it was classified into total of four vegetation units(one community group, three communities and four groups). As a result of mean importance value, Castanopsis sieboldii was the highest in VU 1, VU 2, VU 4, and C. turczaninowii in VU 4, respectively. In case of species diversity, VU 3 showed the highest among four units in species diversity index. In conclusion, the forest vegetation of Hongdo Island was classified into four units and seven species groups. Hongdo Island could be conclusively managed by community ecological approach for the units and groups. Also it was considered that a research for the succession to the evergreen broad-leaved forest should be more intensively proceeded near future.