• 멤브레인
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.184-190
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• 2007

본 연구는 불소계 폴리실록산이미드 공중합체 막을 이용하여 휘발성 유기 화합물(Volatile Organic Compounds; VOCs)의 일종인 dichloromethane(DCM)을 물로부터 투과증발 분리하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 유연한 사슬을 갖는 diamine-terminated polydimethylsiloxane(SIDA)과 경직된 구조를 갖는 불소계 방향족 디아민 단량체(2-(perfluorohexyl)ethyl-3,5-diaminobenzene PFDAB)과 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride(6FDA)를 이용하여 일련의 소수성 불소계 폴리실록산이미드 공중합체 막을 제조하여 다이아민의 구성성분에 따른 분리능의 변화를 상온에서 관찰하였다. 공중합체 막 내의 다이아민 성분 중 SIDA의 함량은 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 mol%로 조절되었으며, 원액의 조성은 DCM 0.05 wt%를 사용하였다. 소수성이 높고 자유부피가 큰 SIDA의 함량이 증가함에 따라 소수성 용매인 DCM의 수착도 및 수착선택도가 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 확산계수 및 확산선택도 또한 증가하여 궁극적으로는 투과플럭스와 투과선택도가 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.214-221
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• 2010

철도 선로에서 대표적인 취약개소로 분류하고 있는 터널-토공 접속구간은 하부 지지강성의 차이로 인하여 강성이 작은 구간에서 더 큰 침하가 발생하여 선로의 부등침하를 발생시켜 지속적인 유지보수 작업을 실시하여야 한다. 본 논문에서는 실제 현장구간의 터널-토공 접속구간에 대하여 도상자갈부에 설치된 일반 침목을 약 20m 대형침목으로 교체 후 윤중과 침목 침하량을 측정하여 개선효과를 비교하였다. 또한 수치해석을 이용하여 침목 크기와 간격 등을 변화시켜 레일압력, 도상 침하량 그리고 도상압력을 비교하였다. 현장계측과 수치해석결과 대형침목으로 교체한 경우 일반침목에 비해 윤중변동율과 침하량 등에서 약 10%의 개선효과가 있는 것 을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 수치해석결과 대형침목의 경우 일반침목에 비해 레일저부압력, 침목침하량, 도상압력이 각각 9.3%, 4%, 14.5% 감소되었으며, 이중에서 도상압력이 가장 많이 감소되는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권12호
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• pp.3546-3552
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 천정 설치형 공조기 적용을 위해 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있는 알루미늄 평행류 증발기 해석 프로그램을 개발하여 190mm*650mm*25mm(W*H*D) 크기의 열교환기를 해석하였다. R410A냉매의 분배비가 일정하고 상하로 유동하는 2, 3 패스의 경우와 3 패스이고 분배비율(1:1:1, 1:2:2)을 달리할 때, 열교환 성능을 예측하였다. 계산 결과, 2 패스가 3 패스보다 국소 전열량이 30% 정도 높았지만, 건도에 따른 열전달계수는 25% 낮았으며, 3 패스의 경우, 분배비 1:1:1 보다 1:2:2가 냉매 압력손실이 높게 나타났다. 본 해석에서는 패스당 냉매가 균일하게 분포하는 것으로 가정하였으므로, 패스별로 불균일하게 유동되는 실제의 경우보다 열교환성능을 과대 예측하는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제36권9호
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• pp.916-922
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• 2008

우주용 구조물에 사용되는 재료는 치수 안정성을 위해서 열팽창계수를 최소화하도록 설계, 제작되어야 한다. 이를 위하여 우주용 재료 시편의 정밀한 열팽창계수를 측정하여, 그 재료의 열 특성에 대한 정확한 데이터를 확보할 필요가 있다. 그리고 시편뿐만 아니라 실제 사용될 구조물의 열 변형을 우주 환경에서 직접 측정할 필요가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 고진공에서 정밀한 변위 측정을 위하여 변위 측정 간섭계와 항우연의 보조 챔버를 활용한 열팽창계수 측정 시스템을 설계하였다. 또한 본 측정 시스템은 길이 500mm 정도의 긴 구조물의 열 변형

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.870-879
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• 2006

In this study, the difference in the mechanical properties of silver and cotton weft knitted fabrics was studied. Six silver fabrics for the summer ladies' knit outwear were knitted varying knit structure and fabric density. Two commercial cotton knitted fabrics were selected to compare the properties. subjective sensation of hand of the fabrics was also studied. Mechanical properties of the fabric samples were measured by KES-FB system. From these, primary hand values(HV) were evaluated by the conversion equation (KW-403-KTU) and the total hand value(THV) was carried out according to the KW-304 Summer. The result of the research show that silver weft knitted fabrics had lower LT, RT, G, 2HG and higher EM, W, LC, WC, RC than cotton weft knitted fabrics. The use of silver yam contributed to increase in surface roughness of knitted fabrics. As the silver knitted fabrics became thicker compressional energy increased. The use of silver yarns contributed to much better fabric handle compared with the use of cotton yam only. It appeared that coefficient of friction of tuck stitch was larger than that of plain and interlock stitch. KOSHI and FUKURAMI values of the tuck samples were significantly higher than those values of the plain and interlock samples, while SHARI values were low in general. The total hand value of tuck stitch was higher than those of interlock and plain stitch.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.1069-1084
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• 2014

The long-term performance of plates resting on viscoelastic foundations is a major concern in the analysis of soil-structure interaction. As a powerful mathematical tool, fractional calculus may address these plate-on-foundation problems. In this paper, a fractionalized Zener model is proposed to study the time-dependent behavior of a uniformly loaded rectangular thin foundation plate. By use of the viscoelastic-elastic correspondence principle and the Laplace transforms, the analytical solutions were obtained in terms of the Mittag-Leffler function. Through the analysis of a numerical example, the calculated plate deflection, bending moment and foundation reaction were compared to those from ideal elastic and standard viscoelastic models. It is found that the upper and lower bound solutions of the plate response estimated by the proposed model can be determined using the elastic model. Based on a parametric study, the impacts of model parameters on the long-term performance of a foundation plate were systematically investigated. The results show that the two spring stiffnesses govern the upper and lower bound solutions of the plate response. By varying the values of the fractional differential order and the coefficient of viscosity, the time-dependent behavior of a foundation plate can be accurately captured. The fractional differential order seems to be dependent on the mechanical properties of the ground soil. A sandy foundation will have a small fractional differential order while in order to simulate the creeping of clay foundation, a larger fractional differential order value is needed. The fractionalized Zener model is capable of accounting for the primary and secondary consolidation processes of the foundation soil and can be used to predict the plate performance over many decades of time.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2017

This study focused on modeling the behavior of the compressive stress using the average strain and ultrasonic test results in concrete. Feed-forward backpropagation artificial neural network (ANN) models were used to compare four types of concrete mixtures with varying water cement ratio (WC), ordinary concrete (ORC) and concrete with short steel fiber-reinforcement (FRC). Sixteen (16) $150mm{\times}150mm{\times}150mm$ concrete cubes were used; each contained eighteen (18) data sets. Ultrasonic test with pitch-catch configuration was conducted at each loading state to record linear and nonlinear test response with multiple step loads. Statistical Spearman's rank correlation was used to reduce the input parameters. Different types of concrete produced similar top five input parameters that had high correlation to compressive stress: average strain (${\varepsilon}$), fundamental harmonic amplitude (A1), $2^{nd}$ harmonic amplitude (A2), $3^{rd}$ harmonic amplitude (A3), and peak to peak amplitude (PPA). Twenty-eight ANN models were trained, validated and tested. A model was chosen for each WC with the highest Pearson correlation coefficient (R) in testing, and the soundness of the behavior for the input parameters in relation to the compressive stress. The ANN model showed increasing WC produced delayed response to stress at initial stages, abruptly responding after 40%. This was due to the presence of more voids for high water cement ratio that activated Contact Acoustic Nonlinearity (CAN) at the latter stage of the loading path. FRC showed slow response to stress than ORC, indicating the resistance of short steel fiber that delayed stress increase against the loading path.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.11-23
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• 1990

奚琴 音質의 音響學的 特性을 조사하기 위해 奚琴音의 파워스펙트럼과 時間波形을 FFT Analyzer를 이용하여 분석하였다. 奚琴絃의 張力과 遠山(bridge)의 위치, 腹板(top plate)의 두께등을 변화시키면서 분석을 하였다. 실험에 의하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 腹板의 共振周波數가 絃의 基音의 周波數보다 높기 때문에, 基音의 音壓보다 腹板의 共振周波數 부근의 上音들의 音壓이 더 큼을 알았다. 絃의 張力이 강할 때와 遠山이 腹板의 중앙에 위치하였을 때가 音質이 보다 우수하였다. 奚琴 遊絃의 inharmonicity 계수는 0.049 cents/$n^2$이었다. 5kHz 이상의 上音은 발견할 수 없었으며, 奚琴의 inharmonicity가 violin의 inharmonicity보다 큰 값을 나타내었는데 이를 통해 奚琴음의 明瞭度와 豊富性이 부족하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 奚琴筒의 共振周波數(MAR)와 腹板의 共振周波數(MWR)의 周波數比는 1 octave 정도일 때 奚琴이 가장 좋은 음색을 갖는다는 것을 밝혔으며 이때 腹板의 두께는 4.5mm 정도이다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.695-702
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• 2015

Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) using various solvents was studied for recovery of acetic acid from a synthetic ethanol fermentation broth. The microbial fermentation of sugars presented in hydrolyzate gives rise to acetic acid as a byproduct. In order to obtain pure ethanol for use as a biofuel, fermentation broth should be subjected to acetic acid removal step and the recovered acetic acid can be put to industrial use. Herein, batch LLE experiments were carried out at $25^{\circ}C$ using a synthetic fermentation broth comprising $20.0g\;l^{-1}$ acetic acid and $5.0g\;l^{-1}$ ethanol. Ethyl acetate (EtOAc), tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO), tri-n-octylamine (TOA), and tri-n-alkylphosphine oxide (TAPO) were utilized as solvents, and the extraction potential of each solvent was evaluated by varying the organic phase-to-aqueous phase ratios as 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0. The highest acetic acid extraction yield was achieved with TAPO; however, the lowest ethanol-to-acetic acid extraction ratio was obtained using TOPO. In a single-stage batch extraction, 97.0 % and 92.4 % of acetic acid could be extracted using TAPO and TOPO when the ratio of organic-to-aqueous phases is 4:1 respectively. A higher solvent-to-feed ratio resulted in an increase in the ethanol-to-acetic acid ratio, which decreased both acetic acid purity and acetic acid extraction yield.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.351-361
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• 1997

This study was performed to evaluate the change of the soft tissue facial profile after mandibular set back surgery during time intervals. For this study, 33 patient, 8 males and 25 females, were selected and their lateral cephalograms were taken and analyzed periodically. Hard and soft tissue changes during postoperative time intervals, correlation between surgical skeletal changes and postoperative soft tissue changes, and prediction for long-term soft tissue changes were established through varying statistical methods. The results were as follow : 1. There were meaningful changes of anteroposterior skeletal position at 6 months and 2 years after mandibular set back by mandibular ramus osteotomy. Two years postoperatively, there was 30%, 32%, 29% relapse on B point, pogonion, menton each. 2. Two years after the mandibular ramus osteotomy, the relative changes of the soft tissue to their osseous counterparts showed 76% on the lower lip and 91% on the pogonion. 3. The movements of the mandibular landmarks in correlation to anteroposterior position of the lower lip and soft tissue of the chin showed to be effective on a long-term basis. 4. Using surgical changes of pogonion, prediction of changes in soft and hard tissue pogonion was useful and the coefficient of determination was 0.46 each and their reliability decreased 2 years postoperatively. 5. The upper lip position after the mandibular set back surgery was somewhat anterior 2 years postoperatively, but that has no statistical meanings.