• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.69-79
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• 2011

In this paper I present the framework for programming education relating to the programming course in university. First of all, I identify the literature of the psychological and educational study of programming in domestic and foreign country. Some outstanding papers in foreign country show that the mental model, programming knowledge and strategies are the important difference between novice and expert programmers. And various problems experienced by novice programmers are identified. I summarise this material and suggest some practical implications for programming teachers in their teaching activity. The framework for programming education presented by this work has three dimensions of program development process, programming learning factors and teaching and learning methods for programming to develope the novice's programming skill. It helps the programming teacher to design, implement and evaluate their programming course with the guideline of programming activities.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.410-415
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• 2008

To evaluate the performance of nucleate boiling heat transfer between a plain and micro-fin surfaces, the experimental tests have been carried out under various conditions with fluorinert liquid FC-72, which is chemically and electrically stable. Two kinds of micro fins with the dimensions of $200{{\mu}m}{\times}20{{\mu}m}$ and $100{{\mu}m}{\times}10{{\mu}m}$ (width x height) were fabricated on the surface of a silicon chip. The experiments were performed on the liquid subcooling of 5, 10 and 20K under the atmospheric condition. The presented data showed a similar trend in the comparison with result of Rainey & You. Due to its expanded surface areas, the heat flux properties has been significantly enhanced on micro-fin surface comparing to the plain surface.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1848-1857
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• 2016

In order to discriminate the morphologically analogous smallscale blackfish, Girella leonina and largescale blackfish, G. punctata, various methods were used by using biometric and geometric approaches. Morphometric analysis showed considerable 19 differences of total 44 morphometric dimensions: classical dimension 1 part; truss dimension 12 parts; and head part dimension 6 parts (P < 0.05). Some differences of morphological features primarily involved in caudal part of truss dimension. Our results of this study confirmed that two species adequately can distinguish with external body shape, and we hope that the results of our study could be used to identify in Girellidae family as taxonomical parameters.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.71-84
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• 2023

In this paper, the effects of the thickness of cubic samples on the tensile strength of concrete blocks were studied using experimental tests in the laboratory and numerical simulation by the particle flow code in three dimensions (PFC3D). Firstly, the physical concrete blocks with dimensions of 150 mm×190 mm (width×height) were prepared. Then, three specimens for each of seven different samples with various thicknesses were built in the laboratory. Simultaneously with the experimental tests, their numerical simulations were performed with PFC3D models. The widths, heights, and thicknesses of the numerical models were the same as those of the experimental samples. These samples were tested with a new tensile testing apparatus. The loading rate was kept at 1 kg/sec during the testing operation. Based on these analyses, it is concluded that when the thickness was less than 5 cm, the tensile strength decreased by increasing the sample thickness. On the other hand, the tensile strength was nearly constant when the sample thickness was raised to more than 5 cm (which can be regarded as a threshold limit for the specimens' thickness). The numerical outputs were similar to the experimental results, demonstrating the validity of the present analyses.

• Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.453-497
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate social aspects of young EFL learners' interaction at the computer. Data were taken from the interactions of three pairs of fourth-grade primary school children who worked together on English learning software. Their interactions at the computer were videotaped and then all the talk produced by the students and the utterances emitted from the computer were transcribed. As for the analytical tools, the notion of ‘contextualization cues’ (Gumperz, 1982) and the concept of ‘positioning’ (Davies & Harre,1990) were employed. The analysis reveals that the roles of the students were not tied to a certain position, but rather dynamically changed during the course of interactive work according to the situation at hand. The dynamic changes in their positions were realized through various means; their capability in solving problems, their taking responsibility or assigning it to each other, or cooperation. There were also instances of peer teaching and motivated learning. In addition, the students showed autonomy in their learning activity. These findings suggest that both students in a dyad had their own place in performing task activities, contributing to solving problems and getting benefits from peer interaction. Furthermore, students' working together on English learning software may provide an environment which can promote cooperative attitude and responsibility for learning and enhance motivation and autonomy in their learning process.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.107-115
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• 2012

Yoo and Cook (2007) developed an optimal sufficient dimension reduction methodology for the conditional mean in multivariate regression and it is known that their method is asymptotically optimal and its test statistic has a chi-squared distribution asymptotically under the null hypothesis. To check the effect of dimension used in estimation on regression coefficients and the explanatory power of the conditional mean model in multivariate regression, we applied their method to several simulated data sets with various dimensions. A small simulation study showed that it is quite helpful to search for an appropriate dimension for a given data set if we use the asymptotic test for the dimension as well as results from the estimation with several dimensions simultaneously.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.67-76
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• 2020

The structures and processes of medical education have changed little since the publication of Flexner's report, which stressed the scientific orientation of medical education and the curricular structure of 2 years of formal knowledge education and 2 years of clinical experience. However, the previous perspectives on medical education are facing challenges, and these call for new pedagogy and theories on which to base medical education practice. Considering that social dimensions of learning have been emphasized in practice, perspectives that integrate these aspects are needed. Among the various learning theories, social cognitive theory refers to the theoretical framework which contends that learning occurs within interactions with others and environments. From a social cognitive standpoint, learning through observation is a critical component in human functioning. Indeed, observational learning has particular significance in medical education in that it provides the context for which the importance and meaning of role models can be understood. In addition, as theoretical constructs such as self-efficacy and outcome expectations allow us to establish an effective learning environment, exploring the concepts of the theory could be beneficial to medical education practice. In this context, the present review article aims to provide a glimpse of the fundamental assumptions and theoretical concepts of social cognitive theory and discusses the implications the theory has on teaching and learning. Further, a review of previous studies could help explain how the theory has informed medical education practice. Finally, the author will conclude with the implications and limitations of applying social cognitive theory in medical education.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.183-200
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• 1998

Widespread recognition of the various aspects of science education has been prompted by post-positivist philosophers' discussions of the nature of science and intense debates among constructivist psychologists about learning in science. Their discussions and debates, in turn, have raised the problems associated with teaching/learning of science in the schools. The purpose of this article, basically based on the reviews and analyses of the literature related to philosophy of science and psychology, was to describe the implications of post-positivism and constructivism for current science education in the schools. In this paper, the author defines science education as education of/about science, and education through/by science. He also stresses that scientific literacy and decision-making should be emphasized as the goals of science education, that the ethical dimensions of science and technology must be included in science curriculum, that group discussion and/or cooperative learning are effective teaching strategy for science as interpreted by post-positivists and constructivists, and that the assessment should be focused on the degree to which cognitive structure has been changed through instruction in the school classrooms.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.387-393
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• 2022

The article reflects short-term perspectives on the use of information and communication technologies in the training of teachers for higher education. Education is characterized by conservatism, so aspects of systematic development of the industry are relevant to this cluster of social activity. Therefore, forecasting the introduction of innovative elements of ICT training is in demand for the educational environment. Forecasting educational trends are most relevant exactly in the issues of training future teachers of higher education because these specialists are actually the first to implement the acquired professional skills in pedagogical activities. The article aims to consider the existing potential of ICT-based learning, its implementation in the coming years, and promising innovative educational elements that may become relevant for the educational space in the future. The tasks of scientific exploration are to show the optimal formats of synergy between traditional and innovative models of learning. Based on already existing experience, extrapolation of conditions of educational process organization with modeling realities of using information and communication technologies in various learning dimensions should be carried out. Educational trends for the next 3 years are a rather tentative forecast because, as demonstrated by the events associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, the socio-cultural space is very changeable. Consequently, the dynamism of the educational environment dictates the need for a value-based awareness of the information society and the practical use of technological advances. Thus, information and communication technologies are a manifestation of innovative educational strategies of today and become an important component along with traditional aspects of educational process organization. Future higher education teachers should develop a training strategy taking into account the expediency of the ICT component.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2024

This study investigates consumer awareness and concerns regarding apparel sizing in the realm of online shopping. A survey was conducted with 450 women aged 18-59 who had engaged in online clothing purchases within the past year. It was observed that consumers shop for clothes online an average of 1.6 times per month, with those under 50 shopping more frequently. The importance of size is higher when buying pants than jackets, especially in online shopping compared to offline purchases. Key references guiding online shopping decisions encompassed product sizing codes, customer reviews, and garment dimensions, which were notably favored by consumers with significant concerns. Respondents opted for Korean-style sizing codes for jackets but chose inch-sizing codes for pants. While awareness of height and weight remains high, knowledge of specific body measurements crucial for clothing size design is lacking, suggesting inadequate communication of size information. Respondents prioritized specific areas for jacket and pants fit, yet the lack of comprehensive self-measurements beyond height and weight might present challenges in determining fit based solely on product dimensions. To address this issue, online retailers should display essential garment dimensions and visually suggest clothing sizes according to various body types. These findings provide valuable insights for online retailers to effectively present size information and lay a foundational framework for consumer size education.