• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.599-609
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• 2012

The objective of this research is to reuse and recycle the oyster shell wastes as a useful of antioxidant beads for foodstuff preservation through the treatment of oyster shell and seaweed pulp. This research is divided into two parts. In the first, designing and preparation of pilot scale condition was accomplished. The second part dealt with establishing the optimized manufacturing condition for [A],[B],[C-a],[C-b] compounds, and analyzing these products. The pilot scale preparation was composed of modify synthesized seaweed pulp / Cl-starch and it's various bead form were prepared with various weight ratios using polar protic solvents. In addition, with increased seaweed pulp content in the blends, antibacterial property values of seaweed pulp/Ag-oyster shell blend was decreased, however, the antioxidant and bead's solidity properties increased.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.478-482
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• 2011

In this study, several poly(styrene-co-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate)-grafted ETFE films were prepared by a simultaneous irradiation grafting method. After mixing of styrene/(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate(TMSPM) monomers with various solvents, the effects of various irradiation conditions such as total dose, dose rate and monomer concentration on the degree of grafting of the prepared membranes were investigated. Results indicated that the higher degree of grafting was obtained when acetone was used as a solvent. The formation of poly(styrene-co-TMSPM) grafts on the ETFE films was verified using FTIR spectrometry and the distribution of the poly(PTMSPM) graft polymer over the cross-section of the grafted film was confirmed using SEM-EDX instrument.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.383-389
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• 2008

This study was performed to compare effect of immune activities of Rhodiola sachalinensis by various extraction process with different temperature and extraction solvents. Experiments were performed for investigate the immune activities on human B and T cell growth and secretion of their cytokines. Also, antibodies in serum were investigated in female ICR mouse by feeding the extracts of R. sachalinensis at doses of 40, 120 and 360 mg/kg orally for 15 days. The immune cell growth and secretion of cytokines (IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$) on human B and T cells were increased by adding R. sachalinensis extracts compare to the control. Also, total serum IgG levels increased by feeding R. sachalinensis extracts. It can be conclude that optimum condition for efficient extraction of R. sachalinensis as functional material is slovent extraction process using water with ultrasonification at below $100^{\circ}C$ than typical process.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.26-36
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• 2004

Ultrafiltration membranes based on anion charged poly(bis[4-(3-aminophenoxy)phenyl]sulfone pyromellite) imide derivatives (ACPI) were prepared by the phase inversion method. The polymers have good solubility in aprotic polar solvents. The composition of casting solution and the casting conditions played an important role in determining the permeation characteristics of membrane because the membrane structure could be controlled by the preparation conditions. The extent of fouling-repression was observed by the relative ratio of permeate flux ($J_t$)/pure water flux ($J_0$) and the membrane filtration index (MFI). The characteristics were measured by aqueous solution of bovine serum albumin (BSA) over a pH range of 2.5-9.0. The ACPI membrane having a hydrophilic property was less fouled than the membrane prepared from the original polyimide. With increasing the ion exchange capacity of ACPI membrane, th $\varepsilon$ relative ratio of flux was higher while the membrane filtration index was lower as compared with the original polyimide membrane. From the further away from isoelectric point of bovin serum albumin, the permeation was higher as well as the formation of fouling was more diminish. ACPI membranes having various their properties could be obtained. Further, it was proved that their permeation properties could be determined from the preparation conditions, various operating conditions, and dim $\varepsilon$ rent ion exchange capacity of anion charged polyimide derivatives.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.20 no.1 s.32
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• pp.1-15
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• 2007

Objectives : RVC has long been used for a useful natural agent ameliorating inflammation related symptoms in the folk medicine recipe. This study was performed to investigate effects of RVC on the inflammation and oxidation in RAW 264.7 cells. Methods : The RVC was extracted with 80% ethanol and sequentially partitioned with solvents in order to increase polarity. With the various fractions, we determined the activities on the inflammation and oxidation in RAW 264.7 cells. Results : 1. Among the various solvent extracts of RVC, the butanol fraction showed the most powerful inhibitory ability against nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells without affecting cell viability. 2. Butanol fraction showed a oxidation inhibition effect by decreasing the DPPH and OH radicals. 3. Butanol fraction exhibited the inhibitory avilities against iNOS and COX-2. 4. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Westem blotting analysis revealed that the BuOH fraction provided a primary inhibitor of the iNOS protein and mRNA expression in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Among the up-regulater molecules of iNOS and COX-2, the BuOh fraction of RVC was shown the inhibitory activity of phoshporylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) 1/2 and threonine protein kinase (AKT), the one of the MAPKs pathway. Conclusion : Thus, the present study suggests that the response of a component of the BuOH fraction to NO generation via iNOS expression provide a important clue to elucidate anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation mechanism of RVC.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.227-233
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• 2013

This study investigated the protective effect of the butanol (BuOH) fraction from fermented Laminaria japonica extract (BFLJ) on AAPH-induced oxidative stress in porcine kidney epithelial cells (LLC-PK1 cells). L. japonica was fermented by Aspergillus oryzae at $35{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ for 72 h. Freeze-dried fermented L. japonica was extracted with distilled water, and the extracted solution was mixed with ethanol and then centrifuged. The supernatant was subjected to sequential fractionation with various solvents. The BuOH fraction was used in this study because it possessed the strongest antioxidant activity among the various solvent fractions. The BuOH fraction of fermented L. japonica had a protective effect against the AAPH-induced LLC-PK1 cells damage and increased cell viability while reducing lipid peroxidation formation and increased activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. The inhibitory effect of BFLJ on lipid peroxidation formation had a higher value of $0.11{\pm}0.01nmol$ MDA at $100{\mu}g/mL$ concentration in comparison with intact BuOH fraction showing $0.22{\pm}0.08nmol$ MDA at the same concentration. Furthermore, BFLJ treatment increased glutathione concentration. GSH concentration in the cell treated with BFLJ of $100{\mu}g/mL$ was $1.80pmol/L{\times}10^5cells$. These results indicate that BFLJ protects the LLC-PK1 cells against AAPH-induced cell damage by inhibiting lipid peroxidation formation and increasing antioxidant enzyme activities and glutathione concentration.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.310-321
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate types and characteristics of chemical substances used in LCD(Liquid crystal display) panel manufacturing process. Methods: The LCD panel manufacturing process is divided into the fabrication(fab) process and module process. The use of chemical substances by process was investigated at four fab processes and two module processes at two domestic TFT-LCD(Thin film transistor-Liquid crystal display) panel manufacturing sites. Results: LCD panels are manufactured through various unit processes such as sputtering, chemical vapor deposition(CVD), etching, and photolithography, and a range of chemicals are used in each process. Metal target materials including copper, aluminum, and indium tin oxide are used in the sputtering process, and gaseous materials such as phosphine, silane, and chlorine are used in CVD and dry etching processes. Inorganic acids such as hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid and sulfuric acid are used in wet etching process, and photoresist and developer are used in photolithography process. Chemical substances for the alignment of liquid crystal, such as polyimides, liquid crystals, and sealants are used in a liquid crystal process. Adhesives and hardeners for adhesion of driver IC and printed circuit board(PCB) to the LCD panel are used in the module process. Conclusions: LCD panels are produced through dozens of unit processes using various types of chemical substances in clean room facilities. Hazardous substances such as organic solvents, reactive gases, irritants, and toxic substances are used in the manufacturing processes, but periodic workplace monitoring applies only to certain chemical substances by law. Therefore, efforts should be made to minimize worker exposure to chemical substances used in LCD panel manufacturing process.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 2014

Two kinds of epoxy-functionalized alkoxysilane (EAS) compounds (EAS-MS and EAS-ES) were successfully synthesized through the reaction between epoxy resin (YD-128) and aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (APTMS) or aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES). By the hydrolysis-polycondensation reaction of EAS compounds with 3-Glycidyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) and Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), silica/epoxy nanohybrids could be prepared at various compositions of EAS to GPTMS/TEOS. Prepared nanohybrids were yellow transparent and miscible with various organic solvents. By the reaction silica/epoxy nanohybrids with curing agents (TETA or acrylic acid), cured hybrids films could be obtained. These cured films showed higher thermal stability and mechanical property compared to cured neat epoxy resin. TEM and AFM images showed formation of nano-sized silica nanoparticles within cured hybrid films.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2017

Various health promoting effects of steamed and freeze-dried mature silkworm powder (SMSP) have been reported. However, it is not still clear which substances in SMSP are responsible for those health promoting effects yet. In this study, we examined and compared the quantities of phytochemicals in SMSP and freeze-dried mulberry leave powder (FMLP). To investigate the optimal solvent for extracting phytochemicals from SMSP and FMLP, we used four different solvents. Among them, 80% ethanol extracts from SMSP and FMLP contained the highest amount of five flavonoids examined. In addition, FMLP had high contents of flavonoids compared with those of SMSP. The amounts of rutin, isoquercetin, astragalin, quercetin, and kaempferol in FMLP were $5.078{\pm}0.187mg/g$, $5.162{\pm}0.083mg/g$, $2.989{\pm}0.061mg/g$, $3.317{\pm}0.236mg/g$, and $2.243{\pm}0.237mg/g$, respectively, while the amounts of rutin, isoquercetin, astragalin, quercetin, and kaempferol in SMSP were $0.171{\pm}0.024mg/g$, $0.252{\pm}0.032mg/g$, $0.374{\pm}0.031mg/g$, $0.645{\pm}0.063mg/g$, and $0.0512{\pm}0.047mg/g$, respectively. Taken together, SMSP could be a source for providing various and readily absorbable flavonoids.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.85-89
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• 2022

We investigated a pH sensor using an Indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticle (NP) film printed on a flexible substrate. First, the printing precision and mechanical stability of the ITO-printed film were investigated. In particular, the factors that influence the crystallinity of ITO films were studied using X-ray diffraction pattern analysis. The response of the ITO pH sensor was calibrated using a series of standard pH solutions (pH 3-11). The pH values of various specimens were measured using an ITO pH sensor, and the results were compared with those of various pH measurement methods. As a result of the experiment, the maximum error was approximately ± 0.04 pH (0.4 %) at pH 9, which indicated that the ITO pH sensor is highly suitable for pH measurement. Finally, we used the ITO pH sensor to the measure of general specimens such as solvents and beverages and compared the results in comparison with those obtained from several conventional methods.