• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.594-601
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• 2011

Purpose: The frontal sinuses are a pair of triangularly shaped, air-filled chambers lined by mucoperiosteum and located between the inner and outer tables of the frontal bone. Until recently, our understanding of gender variations in craniofacial anatomy has been chiefly built upon anthropometric studies, which typically employ facial surface measurements or plain film radiography. The aim of this study i to determine the sizes of the frontal sinus in both sexes in Koreans. Methods: 95 Korean subjects who underwent maxillofacial 3-Dimensional computed tomography (CT) between January 2009 and December 2009 were enrolled. Frontal sinus dimensions and forehead measurements were taken at midline and at 10, 20, and 30 mm to the left and right of midline using sagittal, coronal, and axial images. The data was analyzed for significant differences between measurements made at the selected points in the frontal sinus, for left to right variations, for gender variations, and for racial differences. Results: The mean thickness of the anterior table ranged from 2.31 to 3.23 mm. Mean anteroposterior depth of the frontal sinus ranged from 7.38 to 9.45 mm and did not vary significantly at any distance from midline. Frontal sinus height was greatest at midline (mean=29.24 mm) and progressively lessened at lateral distances. Mean total width at the level of the supraorbital ridge was 53.66 mm. For all measurements, no significant left to right variation was noted. Comparing the sexes, males were found to have greater dimensions in most frontal sinus measurements, though these differences were only found to be significant at or close to midline. The male forehead was marked by more acute nasofrontal angle ($133.3^{\circ}$ versus $141.6^{\circ}$) and a steeper posterior forehead inclination ($14.9^{\circ}$ versus $7.7^{\circ}$). Conclusion: Using CT imaging, forehead and frontal sinus dimensions have been described. Generally, males had larger overall frontal sinus dimensions. And Korean had similar sized frontal sinus to Caucasian in height and width. But in AP distance Korean had lesser measurement. The result of this study may be helpful in the comprehension of normal size of frontal sinus in Korean.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.1367-1375
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 핫스템핑 소재로 사용되는 보론합금강판 22MnB5의 단일 겹치기 점용접에서 용접부의 강도 향상을 위한 최적화를 수행하였다. 최적화 과정은 다구찌 실험계획법에 의해 행해졌으며 공정변수는 전류, 가압력 및 통전시간으로 선정하였고, 잡음인자로서 핫스템핑 시 소재의 가열온도와 유지시간을 고려하였다. 가열조건에 따라 22MnB5 표면의 알루미늄 도금층과 모재 간의 확산반응에 의해 화합물층 두께에 산포가 발생하였으며 이러한 산포는 너겟의 형성에 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었다. 한편 용접부의 인장전단강도를 목적함수로 하였을 때, 이러한 가열조건에 강건한 최적의 용접 조건은 전류 8kA, 가압력 4kN, 통전시간 18cycle로 선정되었다. 최적 조건의 검증 결과 용접부의 인장전단강도 는 32kN으로서 요구되는 규격인 23kN보다 크게 증가되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1537-1544
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• 2015

Meat and carcass quality attributes are of crucial importance influencing consumer preference and profitability in the pork industry. A set of 400 Berkshire pigs were collected from Dasan breeding farm, Namwon, Chonbuk province, Korea that were born between 2012 and 2013. To perform genome wide association studies (GWAS), eleven meat and carcass quality traits were considered, including carcass weight, backfat thickness, pH value after 24 hours (pH24), Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage lightness in meat color (CIE L), redness in meat color (CIE a), yellowness in meat color (CIE b), filtering, drip loss, heat loss, shear force and marbling score. All of the 400 animals were genotyped with the Porcine 62K SNP BeadChips (Illumina Inc., USA). A SAS general linear model procedure (SAS version 9.2) was used to pre-adjust the animal phenotypes before GWAS with sire and sex effects as fixed effects and slaughter age as a covariate. After fitting the fixed and covariate factors in the model, the residuals of the phenotype regressed on additive effects of each single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) under a linear regression model (PLINK version 1.07). The significant SNPs after permutation testing at a chromosome-wise level were subjected to stepwise regression analysis to determine the best set of SNP markers. A total of 55 significant (p<0.05) SNPs or quantitative trait loci (QTL) were detected on various chromosomes. The QTLs explained from 5.06% to 8.28% of the total phenotypic variation of the traits. Some QTLs with pleiotropic effect were also identified. A pair of significant QTL for pH24 was also found to affect both CIE L and drip loss percentage. The significant QTL after characterization of the functional candidate genes on the QTL or around the QTL region may be effectively and efficiently used in marker assisted selection to achieve enhanced genetic improvement of the trait considered.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.1171-1175
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• 2005

An experiment was conducted (28 to 44 weeks) to study the laying performance, shell quality, and nutrient retention of White Leghorn layers fed different levels of non-phytate phosphorus (NPP). Six levels of NPP (0.15, 0.18, 0.21, 0.24, 0.27 and 0.30%) at a constant calcium (Ca) level (3.5%) in maize-soya-deoiled rice bran based diets were formulated, and each experimental diet was offered ad libitum for 16 weeks to five replicates with five birds in each replicate. The body weight of WL layers fed diet containing 0.15% NPP was significantly (p<0.05) lower than those fed diet with 0.30% NPP, at 44 weeks of age. However, the hen day egg production, egg weight, daily feed intake and feed consumed per dozen eggs were not influenced by the variation in the NPP levels in the diet. The bone ash content was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the birds fed 0.30% NPP as compared with those fed diets up to 0.24% NPP. Bone ash content was intermediate in the birds fed diet containing 0.27% NPP. The tibia strength followed the same trend as that of bone ash. Dietary NPP content had no influence on serum Ca and protein concentration and activity of alkaline phosphatase. However, serum inorganic P concentration increased linearly with NPP content in the diet. The concentration of P was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the birds fed 0.27% NPP or higher as compared with those fed 0.15% NPP. Levels of dietary NPP had no influence on egg quality parameters like shell wt, shell thickness, shell strength and specific gravity. The retention of nutrients such as DM, N and Ca were comparable among the WL layers fed different levels of NPP. However, the retention of P decreased linearly with increase in the level of NPP in the diet. The retention of P in the birds fed diets up to 0.24% NPP in the diet was comparable, however further increasing the content of NPP (either 0.27% or 0.30%) reduced the retention of P. Based on the results of the present study, 0.15% NPP (180 mg/b/d) in the diets of WL layers is adequate for optimum production performance during 28 to 44 weeks of age, however, WL layers require 0.27% NPP (324 mg /b/d) in the diet for optimum production with better bone mineralization.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.245-253
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• 2001

곰소만 조간대에서 채취한 표층퇴적물에 대하여 입도분석을 수행하여 퇴적물의 조직 특성을 분석하였다. 코어 시료를 이용하여 퇴적물의 수리-역학적 특성을 실험적으로 도출하였으며, 퇴적물의 심도별 역학적 응력 및 과잉간극수압, 그리고 지반의 안정성을 수치해석적으로 분석하여 바지락 양식장 퇴적물의 거동 특성을 규명하였다. 곰소만 조간대내의 표층 퇴적물은 겨울에는 $5 \phi$의 조립 실트가 주를 이루는 단모드형을 나타내고, 여름에는 $5 \phi$의 조립 실트질 퇴적물에 $4 \phi$의 미세사질 퇴적물이 첨가된 경향을 보여준다 바지락 양식장의 퇴적환경은 평균 입도 $4\~5 \phi$범위, 모래함량 $50\%$ 미만, 니질 함량 $5\sim10\%$ 범위를 나타낸다. 퇴적양상은sandy silt이며, 분급도는 $1.0\sim2.0 \phi$를 나타내고, 왜도는 0.1-0.5의 범위에 포함되어 퇴적물의 퇴적 작용이 방해가 될만한 높은 에너지 상태가 지속되지 않는 환경이 바지락 양식에 양호한 것으로 조사되었다. 수치해석적 결과를 토대로 볼 때, 바지락 양식에 양호한 저질환경은 사질과 니질이 혼합되어 절대 투수계수가 $10^{-11}\sim10^{-12}m^2$ 범위인 경우로 사료되며, 수치해석 모델링 견과 니질 피복층의 두께가 4cm를 초과하게되면 바지락 서식에 대한 저질환경은 크게 저하되고 있는 것으로 고찰된다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.360-360
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• 2017

Morphological characteristics indicating agronomic features and yield components (trunk length, trunk diameter, thickness of bark, pith density, dry-matter percentage of pith and starch concentration in pith) of sago palms (Metroxylon sagu Rottbøll) were compared between the 27 populations grown in the islands in Southeast Asia (West Sumatra, South Sumatra, West Java, Southeast Sulawesi, Ternate, Halmahera and Seram in Indonesia) and the 20 populations grown in Melanesia (West Papua in Indonesia, East Sepik and New Ireland island in Papua New Guinea). The average starch yield calculated based on the yield components was $310kg\;plant^{-1}$ and $244kg\;plant^{-1}$ in the islands in Southeast and Melanesia, respectively. The variation of starch yield in Melanesia (CV: about 80%) was larger than that in the islands in Southeast Asia (CV: about 60%). The difference in starch yield in the islands in Southeast Asia was mainly attributed to the trunk diameter breast height and the dry-matter percentage of pith. In contrast, the differences in trunk length and dry-matter percentage of pith mainly accounted for the difference in starch yield in Melanesia. The sago palms in the islands in Southeast Asia had a comparatively thick and short trunk and those in Melanesia had a comparatively thinner and longer trunk. However, the average pith dry-matter yield was almost same level as $400kg\;plant^{-1}$ in both the islands in Southeast Asia and Melanesia. The difference in starch yield between the two areas was attributed to the difference in starch concentration in pith, 77% and 58% in the islands in Southeast Asia and Melanesia, respectively.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.5-14
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• 2003

Principles of a novel pulse growing method are described. The method realized in the crystal growing on a seed from melts under raw melt feeding provided a more reliable control of the crystallization process when producing large alkali halide crystals. The slow natural convection of the melt in the crucible at a constant melt level is intensified by rotating the crucible, while the crystal rotation favors a more symmetrical distribution of thermal stresses over the crystal cross-section. Optimum rotation parameters for the crucible and crystal have been determined. The spatial position oi the solid/liquid phase interface relatively to the melt surface, heaters and the crucible elements are considered. Basing on that consideration, a novel criterion is stated, that is, the immersion extent of the crystallization front (CF) convex toward the melt. When the crystal grows at a <> CF immersion, the raised CF may tear off from the melt partially or completely due to its weight. This results in avoid formation in the crystal. Experimental data on the radial crystal growth speed are discussed. This speed defines the formation of a gas phase layer at the crystal surface. The layer thickness il a function of time a temperature at specific values of pressure in the furnace and the free melt surface dimensions in the gap between the crystal and crucible wall. Analytical expressions have been derived for the impurity component mass transfer at the steady-state growth stage describing two independent processes, the impurity mass transfer along the <> path and its transit along the <> one. The heater (and thus the melt) temperature variation is inherent in any control system. It has been shown that when random temperature changes occur causing its lowering at a rate exceeding $0.5^{\circ}C/min$, a kind of the CF decoration by foreign impurities or by gas bubbles takes place. Short-term temperature changes at one heater or both result in local (i.e., at the front) redistribution of the preset axial growth speed.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.75-75
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• 2018

Watermelons, Citrullus species(Cucurbitaceae), are native to Africa and have been cultivated since ancient times. T he fruit flesh of wild watermelon is watery, but typically hard-textured, pale-colored and bland or bitter. The familiar sweet dessert watermelons, C. lanatus, featuring non-bitter, tender, well colored flesh, have a narrow genetic base, suggesting that they are originated from a series of selection events in a single ancestral population. In this study, considered as sweet dissert watermelon, genetic resources, C. lanatus, comprising of traditional cultivars and local accessions were collected from 18 different countries in four continents. A total of 60 accessions were characterized morphologically according to RDA genebank descriptors combined with Japan and China, list for 11 qualitative characteristics, leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, petiole diameter-source, stalk end length, stalk diameter, fruit length, fruit diameter, rind thickness, flesh sugar content($^{\circ}brix$), fruit weight-sink, and 6 sink related characters, leaf margin incision-source, fruit shape, fruit skin ground color, fruit skin stain color, fruit skin stain pattern and flesh color-sink, were also investigated. Even though the relatedness between some morphological traits and fruit weight or fruit sweetness showed no significance, the accessions investigated have a great deal of variation for most of the morphological traits. Additionally, the accessions which showed good performance in flesh color and fruit shape (IT271048) and high sugar content of flesh (IT274119, IT290118) above 14brix, were investigated in this experiment. The accessions, which have the information on specific traits including the selected accessions could be introduced, distributed and investigated for further use.

• 폴리머
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.242-247
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• 2005

콜로이드 실리카 종류, 콜로이드 실리카/실란의 함량비, 반응시간 등의 반응조건에 따라 두 종류의 콜로이드 실리카/실란 솔을 합성하였다. 이러한 졸을 이용하여 솔-젤 코팅막을 제조하여 물리적 화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 그 결과 1034A콜로이드 실리카계로부터 얻어진 솔-젤 코팅막의 접촉각과 표면균질성은 HSA계 솔-젤 코팅막에 비하여 우수하였다. 그리고 1034A 콜로이드 실리카계로부터 얻어진 솔-젤 코팅막은 $550^{circ}C$까지 열분해없이 안정하였고 methyltrimeth-oxysilane(MTMS) 함량이 증가할수록 코팅막의 두께가 두꺼워 졌다. 1034A 콜로이드 실리카계 솔-젤 코팅막의 경도는 MTMS의 함량 증가에 따라 감소하였으나 HSA계는 큰 영향을 받지 않았다. 표면에너지는 MTMS 함량 증가와 더불어 전반적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.1360-1365
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• 2013

다양한 염분 농도에 따른 어린 돌기해삼의 생존과 피부계의 구조적 이상을 관찰하였다. 돌기해삼의 크기 및 수는 습중량 $1.0{\pm}0.2g$, 250 개체였다. 실험농도는 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 및 40 psu 였으며, 96시간 노출 후 7일간 일반해수에서 회복과정을 통해 생존을 관찰하였다. 그 결과 25-35 psu에 노출된 개체들은 모두 100%의 생존율을 보였으며, LC50은 21.05 psu로 나타났다. 돌기해삼의 피부계는 20 psu 이하의 염분 농도에 노출된 개체들의 경우 상피층 두께 감소, 상피세포 핵 응축, 점액세포 감소 및 진피층 결합조직의 성긴 배열 등이 주로 관찰되었다. 하지만 이와는 반대로 40 psu의 염분 농도에 노출된 개체들은 상피세포 핵의 비대, 점액세포 증가 및 진피층 결합조직의 치밀배열 등이 나타났다. 진피층에서 관찰된 alcian blue(pH 2.5) 양성 분비세포들은 20 psu 이하에서는 노출 24시간 내에 대조구에 비해 급격한 증가 및 감소폭을 보였다. 40 psu 에서는 노출시간이 길어질수록 증가한 후 회복일수에 따른 감소경향을 보였다.