• Journal of KIEE
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2001

In this study, the luminance, luminous efficiency and address time of an PDP as a parameter of the phosphor thickness and the size of discharge space are investigated. The maximum luminance and luminous efficiency are obtained at the phosphor thickness of 30 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ for the rib height of 110 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. For the rib height of 120~160 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, the maximum values are obtained at the thickness of 50 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ regardless of the kind of R, G and B phosphor. These results do not affected by the variation of discharge space. The average decrease rate of the total charge to the phosphor thickness is about 3.35pc/cell/10 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and the average increase rate of the addressing time is about 0.027 $mutextrm{s}$/10 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.342-347
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• 1999

광소자의 소형화와 집적화 노력에 따라 광도파로의 도파폭과 곡률 반경이 작아지면서, 그 경계조건을 만족하는 도파모드와 전파상수의 변화가 심하게 되었다. 특히, 도파폭의 좁아지면서 제작 공정상의 폭조절 오차한계 내의 작은 변화에도 전파상수가 크게 변화하게 되어, 배열도파로(Arrayed Waveguide Grating, AWG)소자에서는 각 도파로 진행광의 위상이 설계와 심하게 달라지고 소자의 성능에 영향이 커지게 되었다. 광소자의 소형화에 따라 심각해지는 이러한 근사설계 오차에 의한 영향을 정량적으로 분석하고 대처하기 위해, 여기서는 유효굴절률법(Effective Index Method)과 해석적 함수해(Analytic Solution Method)를 이요하여 여러 도파로 구조를 해석하여 전파특성 변수를 얻어내었다. 또한, 이를 적용하여 자체 제작한 고기능 전산시늉기를 통해 각종 InP-, Silica-AWG 소자의 성능을 모사하였다. 모사 결과는 실제 제작된 전형적인 소자와 비교하여 매우 유사한 경향을 나타내었으며, Ridge-type Inp-AWG 소자의 경우, 도파폭의 허용공차가 0.02$\mu\textrm{m}$ 이내로 개선될 때, AWG 소자의 신호대잡음비(SNR)가 약 -25dB 이상 가능하게 되며 Rib-type Silica-AWG 소자의 경우는 도파폭 허용공차가 0.1$\mu\textrm{m}$ 정도이기만 해도 약 -30dB 이상 가능한 것으로 모사되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.693-699
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• 2004

Live animal selection programs that favor animals with a minimum amount of carcass fat are used for improving breeding flocks of sheep. To predict carcass characteristics of live sheep using body measurements in breeding flocks, 200 male and female lambs of two fat-tailed Iranian sheep breeds (Moghani and Makui) were used. Depth of soft tissue over the 12th rib of the live animals was measured with ultrasound (ULGR) and with hypodermic needle (NGR). The height at withers (HW), body length (BL), circumference of heart girth (CH) and width of hooks (WH), were measured. All animals were slaughtered; carcasses were cut into joints and dissected. Breed had a significant effect on all of the live easurements. The Moghani breed showed a higher value for HW, CH, ULGR and NGR, compared to that of Makui. Except for soft tissue depths; ULGR, NGR and GR, the male lambs showed higher values in live and carcass measurements than females. Percentages of carcass, total fat and intermuscular fat in females were higher than that of male lambs. In spite of the higher amount of subcutaneous and intermuscular fat in female (which is usually used for their physiological need, such as pregnancy and lactation), the male lambs had a heavier fat-tail than females. There was a wide range of variation of percentage of total carcass fat and total chemical fat content of carcass in the two breeds. Eventually this wide variation could be use by animal breeders for selection of animals with a lesser amount of carcass fat. Live weight of lambs showed a relatively low correlation with percentage of carcass lean, total fat and subcutaneous and intermuscular fat. Total lean meat was predicted with relatively high coefficients of determination in the two breeds ($R^2$=0.61 and 0.89, respectively). Live weight and carcass traits were predicted using simple measurements, but with $R^2$ ranging from 0.53 to 0.93.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.249-264
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• 2017

In this paper free linear vibration of lattice composite conical shells will be investigated. Lattice composite conical shell consists of composite helical ribs and thin outer skin. A smeared method is employed to obtain the variable coefficients of stiffness of conical shell. The ribs are modeled as a beam and in addition to the axial loads, endure shear loads and bending moments. Therefore, theoretical formulations are based on first-order shear deformation theory of shell. For verification of the obtained results, comparison is made with those available in open literature. Also, using FEM software the 3D finite element model of composite lattice conical shell is built and analyzed. Comparing results of analytical and numerical analyses show a good agreement between them. Some special cases as variation of geometric parameters of lattice part, effect of the boundary conditions and influence of the circumferential wave numbers on the natural frequencies of the conical shell are studied. It is concluded, when mass and the geometrical ratio of the composite lattice conical shell do not change, increment the semi vertex angle of cone leads to increase the natural frequencies. Moreover for shell thicknesses greater than a specific value, the presence of the lattice structure has not significant effect on the natural frequencies. The obtained results have novelty and can be used for further and future researches.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.459-471
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• 1974

This study was carried out on the thermal transmission on account of variation of weaves and researched on the selection of the most suitable weaves for warmth. Also the interrelation among the density, thickness and thermal transmission by different weaves was studied, the author has woven three fundamental weaves, five weaves derived from the fundamental weaves and two special weaves for the purpose of experiment. In weaving of fabrics for experiments the lever type hand loom was used. Testing of texture was carried out according to KS and ASTM. The thermal transmission was also tested by as cooling method which were developed by the author. The conclusions of experiments were as follows. 1. Matt weaves, honey comb weaves and satin weaves having long floating yarns have large cover factor and were thicker. these structures of the weaves were good in warmth. 2. Thermal transmission was reciprocated to the cover factor, thickness and value of cover factor multiplied by thickness : It was found that the weaves of woven fabrics for warmth had better use of satin weaves, Matt weaves, Granite weaves and Honey comb weaves. In the time of warmth is not the first purpose, had better use of Rib weaves. Plain weaves and Twill weaves with thin thickness and high thermal transmission.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.202-206
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• 2017

In this study, the hydrophobicity properties for riblet surfaces that replicate shark skin are simulated. Riblet surfaces with surface roughness on riblets are generated numerically based on the measured data of real shark skin. We assumed that a rib on a scale is hemi-elliptical surface. The surface used in the simulation for the calculation of contact angle is composed of 9 scales like checkerboard type with a roughness. The contact angle of a water droplet can be calculated using the Wenzel equation and Cassie-Baxter equation for the generated riblet surfaces. The variation of contact angles with a fractional depth of penetration for the generated shark skin surfaces without and with coatings is demonstrated in the condition of solid-air-water. The results show that the contact angle for the surface without coating decreases with an increase of the fractional depth of penetration more drastically than that for the surface with coating. We compared the experimental and simulated results. It is shown that the measured contact angles of the shark skin template and the shark skin replica are within the simulated results. Therefore the contact angle of water droplet for rough surfaces can be estimated by the developed numerical method in this study.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.945-952
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• 2004

Shrink-resist effects and properties of the knitted fabrics from wool/acrylic(W/A) fiber blends were determined to find out an optimal blending ratio keeping the quality properties of wool products. The test fabrics were knitted by a weft knitting machine with all needle knitting structure ($0{\times}0$ rib) under the same knitting conditions with five different types of yarns: $W100\%,\;A100\%$, and W/A blended yarns(70/30, 50/50, 30/70). Shrinkage during repeated washing, electrostatic propensity, thermal resistance and pilling propensity of W/A knits. The shrink resistance was significantly enhanced on repeated washing of W/A knits, especially, over $50\%$ acrylic blended knits. Addition of strong physical force and alkali detergent applied in this washing experiment brought about superior effects with the low shrinkage rate although it was very severe washing conditions for wool fabrics. The results from the washing experiment implies that W/A blend knits can be machine washed at individual households with other ordinary laundry. There was some changes and variation found in thermal resistance, electrostatic propensity, and pilling. W/A 50/50 blended knits did not bring serious changes to other physical properties comparing with original wool, which helps consumers care wool knitted clothes more conveniently.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.253-259
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• 2017

이중에너지 전산화단층촬영으로 뼈를 검사하여 다양한 keV와 조영제 물질 억제(material suppression iodine; MSI), 물질구분(material decomposition; MD)기법을 적용하였을 때, 단일에너지 전산화단층촬영과 비교 평가함으로써 칼슘 부피의 변화를 파악하고자 하였다. 인체유사 팬톰을 이용하여 단일에너지 전산화단층촬영의 영상을 기준으로 이중에너지 전산화단층촬영의 각각 70 keV, 100 keV, 140 keV 및 70 keV-MSI와 MD 칼슘강조-물제거(material calcium weighting; MCW)와 MD 요오드강조-물제거(material iodine weighting; MIW)기법을 적용한 후, 칼슘의 부피를 Agatston score 값으로 비교 평가하였다. 인체유사 팬톰의 칼슘 부피는 keV가 증가할수록 감소하였다(p<0.05). 가장 유사한 이중에너지 전산화단층촬영 집단은 70 keV로 그 차이는 각각 갈비뼈 $35.8{\pm}12.2$, 대퇴골 $16.1{\pm}24.1$, 골반 $13.7{\pm}18.8$, 척추 $179.0{\pm}61.8$이었다. 그러나 MSI의 부피는 부위별로 각각 갈비뼈 5.55%, 대퇴골 76.34%, 골반 55.16%, 척추 87.58%가 감소하였고, MD(MCW)는 각각 갈비뼈 55.96%, 대퇴골 80.78%, 골반 69.64%, 척추 54.23%가 줄었으며, MD(MIW)는 각각 갈비뼈 83.51%, 대퇴골 87.68%, 골반 86.64%, 척추 82.62%의 차이로 감소되었다(p<0.05). 이중에너지 전산화단층촬영으로 검사 시, 뼈의 부피는 keV의 증가에 따라서 감소하게 되고 약 70 keV의 에너지 영역에서 CSCT 집단과 유사한 부피로 측정할 수 있다. 그리고 MSI와 MD의 임상기법을 적용한 부피측정은 상당한 오차가 발생하므로 유의하여 사용하여야 한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.661-671
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• 2006

Steers (n = 335) of known genetic backgrounds from four fundamentally different growth types were subjected to two production systems to study the main effects and possible interactive effects on carcass composition. Growth types were animals with genetic potential for large mature weight (LL), intermediate mature weight-late maturing (IL), intermediate mature weight-early maturing (IE), and small mature weight-early maturing (SE). Each year, in a nine year study, calves of each growth type were weaned and five steers of each growth type were developed on pasture or feedlot and harvested at approximately 20 and 14 mo of age, respectively. Data recorded were chilled carcass weight and percentages of forequarter, foreshank, chuck, rib, plate, brisket, hindquarter, round, rump, shortloin, sirloin, flank, lean, fat, bone, and retail cuts. The growth $type{\times}production$ system interaction was an important source of variation in chilled carcass weight (p = 0.0395) and percentage retail cuts (p = 0.001), lean (p = 0.001), fat (p = 0.001), rump (p = 0.0454), shortloin (p = 0.0487), and flank (p = 0.001). The ranking of the growth $type{\times}production$ system means for percentage lean was LL-pasture>IL-pasture = IE-pasture = SE-pasture>LL-feedlot, IL-feedlot>IE-feedlot = SE-feedlot. The growth $type{\times}production$ system interaction was non-significant (p>0.05) for forequarter, foreshank, chuck, rib, plate, brisket, hindquarter, round and bone. Growth types of IE and SE yielded greater (p<0.05) mean forequarter than did growth types of IL and LL ($51.6{\pm}0.3$ and $51.5{\pm}0.3$ vs. $51.1{\pm}0.3$ and $50.8{\pm}0.3%$). Mean bone was highest (p<0.05) for the LL growth type and lowest (p<0.05) for the SE growth type ($19.5{\pm}0.5$ vs. $16.8{\pm}0.5%$). Mean bone was greater (p<0.05) for the pastured steers than for the feedlot steers ($21.8{\pm}0.8$ vs. $14.5{\pm}0.6%$). These data indicate that growth type responded differently in the two production systems and that these results should be helpful in the match of genetics to production resources.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제57권9호
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• pp.31.1-31.11
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• 2015

Background: This study was conducted to investigate the potential association of variation in the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) gene with growth, carcass and meat quality traits in pigs. IGFBP2 is a member of the insulin-like growth factor binding protein family that is involved in regulating growth, and it maps to a region of pig chromosome 15 containing significant quantitative trait loci that affect economically important trait phenotypes. Results: An IGFBP2 polymorphism was identified in the Michigan State University (MSU) Duroc ${\times}$ Pietrain $F_2$ resource population (n = 408), and pigs were genotyped by MspI PCR-RFLP. Subsequently, a Duroc pig population from the National Swine Registry, USA, (n = 326) was genotyped using an Illumina Golden Gate assay. The IGFBP2 genotypic frequencies among the MSU resource population pigs were 3.43, 47.06 and 49.51 % for the AA, AB and BB genotypes, respectively. The genotypic frequencies for the Duroc pigs were 9.82, 47.85, and 42.33 % for the AA, AB and BB genotypes, respectively. Genotype effects (P < 0.05) were found in the MSU resource population for backfat thickness at $10^{th}$ rib and last rib as determined by ultrasound at 10, 13, 16 and 19 weeks of age, ADG from 10 to 22 weeks of age, and age to reach 105 kg. A genotype effect (P < 0.05) was also found for off test Longissimus muscle area in the Duroc population. Significant effects of IGFBP2 genotype (P < 0.05) were found for drip loss, 24 h postmortem pH, pH decline from 45 min to 24 h postmortem, subjective color score, CIE $L^*$ and $b^*$, Warner-Bratzler shear force, and sensory panel scores for juiciness, tenderness, connective tissue and overall tenderness in MSU resource population pigs. Genotype effects (P < 0.05) were found for 45-min pH, CIE $L^*$ and color score in the Duroc population. Conclusions: Results of this study revealed associations of the IGFBP2 genotypes with growth, carcass and meat quality traits in pigs. The results indicate IGFBP2 as a potential candidate gene for growth rate, backfat thickness, loin muscle area and some pork quality traits.