• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 1983

Screening data from preplacement and periodic examination in Gu Mi Industrial Estate from May, 1983 to June, 1983 provide an opportunity to evaluate the accuracy of self-reported height and weight. The data for men and women were analyzed separated for effects of age, marrital status, educational level, employment status, measured height, measured weight and relative weight (percent of ideal body weight). The mean percent discrepancy from self-reported and measured height was analysed by cross-tubulation, P. value for analysis of variance and multiple correlation analysis in men and women. It is clear from the data that self-reported height and weigt differ from the quantities in systemic ways. But the magnitude of misreporting is very small on average except for weight in women. Whereas height tend to be over-reported, weight is under-reported in women but over-reported in men. Weight was accuracte for age group 20-29 years in men and age group over 40 year in women and over-reporting of weight increased with age in men and under-reporting of weight decreased with age in women. Weight was accurate in 60-64kg group in men and under 50kg group in women and under-stating of weight increased with weight in men and women. Weight was the most accurate in 100-109 percent relative weight group in men and in 90-99 percent relative weight group in women and under-stating of weight increased with relative weight and over-stating decreased with relative weight and over-stating decreased with relative weight in men and women. Height was the most accurate for group of primary school and except group of primary school, accuracy of height increased with educational level in men and women. In height, the highest measured height groups (over than 175cm measured height in men and over than 165cm measured height in women) were the most accurate and of over-reporting of height decreased with measured height. Single variable regression analysis and ANOVAs showed age(P<0.003), measured weight(P<0.0001) relative weight(P<0.0001), educational level(P<0.0005) and employment status(P<0.0007) to be significantly related to ${\Delta}WT$ in women and measured height(P<0.0001), educational level(P<0.03) and marrital status (P<0.03) to be significantly related to ${\Delta}WT$ in men. The women were more sensitive about her body weight than height.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.297-303
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• 2023

Pediatric Computed Tomography (CT) examinations can often result in exam failures or the need for frequent retests due to the difficulty of cooperation from young patients. Deep Learning Image Reconstruction (DLIR) methods offer the potential to obtain diagnostically valuable images while reducing the retest rate in CT examinations of pediatric patients with high radiation sensitivity. In this study, we investigated the possibility of applying DLIR to reduce artifacts caused by respiration or motion and obtain clinically useful images in pediatric chest CT examinations. Retrospective analysis was conducted on chest CT examination data of 43 children under the age of 7 from P Hospital in Gyeongsangnam-do. The images reconstructed using Filtered Back Projection (FBP), Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction (ASIR-50), and the deep learning algorithm TrueFidelity-Middle (TF-M) were compared. Regions of interest (ROI) were drawn on the right ascending aorta (AA) and back muscle (BM) in contrast-enhanced chest images, and noise (standard deviation, SD) was measured using Hounsfield units (HU) in each image. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (ver. 22.0), analyzing the mean values of the three measurements with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the SD values for AA were FBP=25.65±3.75, ASIR-50=19.08±3.93, and TF-M=17.05±4.45 (F=66.72, p=0.00), while the SD values for BM were FBP=26.64±3.81, ASIR-50=19.19±3.37, and TF-M=19.87±4.25 (F=49.54, p=0.00). Post-hoc tests revealed significant differences among the three groups. DLIR using TF-M demonstrated significantly lower noise values compared to conventional reconstruction methods. Therefore, the application of the deep learning algorithm TrueFidelity-Middle (TF-M) is expected to be clinically valuable in pediatric chest CT examinations by reducing the degradation of image quality caused by respiration or motion.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.28-37
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• 2017

Mineral trioxide aggregate have been used for many years as a pulp therapy material. The most widely used product, Proroot white $MTA^{(R)}$ has a major drawback that it causes tooth discoloration. This study assessed discoloration of crown when various MTA-based materials were placed in the coronal aspect of the root canal. Seventy-five single-rooted, unrestored premolar teeth were selected. The teeth were randomly assigned to four experimental groups, each of $Biodentine^{(R)}$, Proroot $wMTA^{(R)}$, $Endocem^{(R)}$, $RetroMTA^{(R)}$ and one negative control groups. Color measurements were utilized by the Commission International de I'Eclairage's L*a*b* system with spectrophotometer. The color was assessed eight times : initial, 1 day, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks, and 16 weeks after the placement. Statistical analysis was performed using the 2-way repeated analysis of variance and Bonferroni's method with p < 0.05. Proroot $wMTA^{(R)}$ induced significant decreases in $L^*$ values during experiment period. Tooth samples from the $Endocem^{(R)}$ group presented indistinct grayish color changes. The $Biodentine^{(R)}$ and $RetroMTA^{(R)}$ showed color stability. Consequently, while Proroot $wMTA^{(R)}$ and $Endocem^{(R)}$ that contain bismuth oxide as a radiopacifier showed tooth discoloration, displayed no sign of discoloration $Biodentine^{(R)}$ and $RetroMTA^{(R)}$ that contain zirconium oxide as a radiopacifier.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.63-74
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of internal shame and self-control on interpersonal relationships in stroke patients, and to provide evidence and information necessary for clinical trials by analyzing the relationship. Methods : For this study, 150 stroke patients receiving occupational therapy services at institutions where occupational therapists work in Jeollanam-do and Chungnam regions were targeted through email and mail from March 1, 2019 to April 30, 2019. The questionnaire was conducted using general characteristics, Relationship Change Scales(RCS), Self-Control Scales(SCS), and Internalized Shame Scale(ISS) questionnaire. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed for the general characteristics of the study subjects, and t-test and one-way batch variance analysis (ANOVA) were used to compare interpersonal relationships according to general characteristics. The relationship between internalized shame, self-control, and interpersonal competence was analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the factors affecting interpersonal relationships of stroke patients. Results : As a result of comparing interpersonal competence according to general characteristics, significant differences were found in terms of age and education level. Interpersonal relationships and internalized shame, internalized shame and self-control showed a negative correlation, and self-control and interpersonal relationships had a positive correlation, but self-control was the sub-factors of interpersonal relationships such as openness, sensitivity, intimacy, It was not statistically significant with the communication item. In addition, the items of inadequacy (β =-0.32) and adventure seeking (β =-0.23), which are sub-areas of internalized shame, affect the negative direction, and physical activity (β =0.22), which is the sub-area of self-control and the self-centered (β =0.24) item was found to have an effect on the positive direction. Conclusion : Therefore, additional research is needed that can operate a rehabilitation treatment program that applies various psychological factors for the formation of interpersonal relationships among stroke patients.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.39-53
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the snack meal management for infants and toddlers and the demand for snack products according to mothers' sustainable dietary style in the Jeonbuk area. Methods: The participants were 359 mothers in the Jeonbuk area. The data was analyzed using factor analysis, cluster analysis, analysis of variance, and χ²-tests with SPSS v. 25.0. According to the sustainable dietary style, the situation of providing snacks at home, the purchasing behavior for snack products, and the satisfaction and, demand for snack products were investigated. Results: Using the K-clustering method, the sustainable dietary style of the subjects was categorized into 3 clusters. Cluster 1 was the family health-seeking group, cluster 2 was the sustainable dietary trend group, and cluster 3 was the sustainability-interested group. The frequency of snack intakes according to the cluster groups showed a significant difference (p < 0.001). Fruits were the snack item most frequently consumed by all the cluster groups. Approximately 92.8% of mothers had purchased snack products, and 95.2% of the subjects were satisfied with them (p < 0.05). The main reason for satisfaction with the snack products in all the cluster groups was the various kinds of products with considering the growth stage of children. Clusters 2 and 3 required the development of snack products using organic food materials, while cluster 1 required the snack products to be supplemented with various nutrients. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop various snack products according to the sustainable dietary style and the needs of mothers so that these snacks can increase the satisfaction of mothers with the snack products and lead them to better snack purchasing behavior.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.313-323
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• 2009

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has been demonstrated to be a practical method for the diagnosis of various brain diseases such as acute infarction, brain tumor, and white matter disease. In this study, we used two techniques to examine the average signal intensity (SI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the brains of patients who ranged in age from 10 to 60 years. Our results indicated that the average SI was the highest in amygdala (as derived from DWI), whereas that in the cerebrospinal fluid was the lowest. The average ADC was the highest in the cerebrospinal fluid, whereas the lowest measurement was derived from the pons. The average SI and ADC were higher in $T_2^*$-DW-EPI than in FLAIR-DW-EPI. The higher the b-value, the smaller the average difference in both imaging techniques; the lower the b-value, the greater the average difference. Also, comparative analysis of the brains of patients who had experienced cerebral infarction showed no distinct lesion in the general MR image over time. However, there was a high SI in apparent weighted images. Analysis of other brain diseases (e.g., bleeding, acute, subacute, chronic infarction) indicated SI variance in accordance with characteristics of the two techniques. The higher the SI, the lower the ADC. Taken together, the value of SI and ADC in accordance with frequently occurring areas and various brain disease varies based on the b-value and imaging technique. Because they provide additional useful information in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with various brain diseases through signal recognition, the proper imaging technique and b-value are important for the detection and interpretation of subacute stroke and other brain diseases.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.512-519
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• 2014

This study was carried to investigate the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of seasonal salted-Kimchi cabbage order to provide basic data for optimal salting and storage condition of seasonal Kimchi cabbage. Generally, fall season samples had slightly higher pH and acidity value than the other seasonal salted Kimchi cabbage. The soluble solids content of spring, summer, fall and winter samples were 5.95%, 6.18%, 6.29% and 7.76%, respectively. The salt content of all the seasonal salted Kimchi cabbage samples were insignificant. The number of microbial bacteria in the summer samples were generally much more significant than spring and winter samples. There was no significant difference in the color of seasonal salted Kimchi cabbage. As for the texture properties, the firmest samples in the surface rupture test were the spring samples (force: 4.92 kg), and the hardest samples in the puncture test were the summer samples (force: 11.71 kg). In the correlation analysis of the quality characteristics of seasonal samples, the soluble solids content and hardness of the seasonal salted Kimchi cabbage was significantly correlated at 1% significance level. Also, in the principal component analysis, F1 and F2 were shown to explain 27.28% and 35.59% of the total variance (62.87%), respectively. The hierarchical cluster analysis of the quality characteristics of seasonal samples, the samples were divided into three groups: spring cabbage group, summer cabbage group and fall and winter cabbage group.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.110 no.4
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• pp.678-688
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• 2021

This study was conducted to provide growth characteristics and stand information in preparation for natural regeneration method and silvicultural treatment of seed tree method in Korean red pine stands by using the field inventoried data 18 years after the seed tree regeneration method in 2001 and analyzing the stand and sapling characteristics. The study area was located in the Research Forest of Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do. In November 2018, we collected tree measurement factors, such as diameter at breast height (DBH), height, crown class, stem quality, tree age, and annual height increment on the established plots. We calculated the basal area, volume, height-diameter ratio (HD ratio), and additional stand density variables such as the relative density and %stocking to analyze the managed stands. The number of mother trees was 58 trees/ha, with a 17.7% stocking level, whereas the number of saplings was 2,330 trees/ha, with a 79.0% stocking level. In germination, the age distribution of saplings ranged from 2001 to 2007, with most belonging to 15-16 years. The development condition of saplings was 10 cm in DBH and 8 m in height. DBH and height were higher as the crown class is more dominant, and this difference was statistically significant in the analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple comparison test (p<0.0001). HD ratio ranged mostly between 80% and 90%, and more than 95% of sapling stems were of high quality, with a straight, unbroken top, non-sweep, and non-diseased stem. On average, the annual height increment of saplings was 21.9 cm at 1 year, 43.3 cm at 5 years, 54.3 cm at 10 years, and 64.3 cm at 15 years. The overall height growth with age increased smoothly. According to the analysis of covariance, the annual height growth by crown class differed significantly. The regression analysis parameters revealed that annual height growth increased with age and dominant crown class.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.169-204
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• 2010

This paper examines the dynamic relationship between fund flow and market risk at the aggregate level and explores whether sudden sharp changes in fund flow (fund run) can cause a systemic risk in the Korean financial markets. We use daily and weekly data and regression and VAR analysis. Main results of the paper are as follows: First, in the stock market, a concurrent and a lagged unexpected fund flows have a positive relationship with market volatility. A positive shock in fund flow predicts an increase in stock market volatility. In the bond market, an unexpected fund flow has a negative relationship with the default risk premium, but a positive relationship with the term premium. And an unexpected fund flow of the money market fund has a negative relationship with the liquidy risk, but the explanatory power is very low. Second, for examining whether changes in fund flow induce a systemic risk, we construct a spillover index based on the forecast error variance decomposition of VAR model. A spillover index represents that how much the shock in fund flow can explain the change of market risk in a market. In general, explanatory powers from spillover indexes are so fluctuant and low. In the stock market, the impact of shocks in fund flow on market risk is relatively high and persistent during the period from the end of 2007 to 2008, which is the subprime-mortgage crisis period. In bond market, since the end of 2008, the impact of shocks in fund flow spreads to default risk continually, while in the money market, such a systematic effect doesn't take place. The persistent patterns of spillover effect appearing around a certain period in the stock market and the bond market suggest that the shock to the unexpected fund flow may increase the market risk and can be a cause of systemic risk in the financial markets. However, summarizing the results of regression and VAR model analysis, and considering the very low explanatory power of spillover index analysis, we can conclude that changes in fund flow have a very limited power in explaining changes in market risk and it is not very likely to induce the systemic risk by a fund run in the Korean financial markets.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.495-504
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• 2018

This study was conducted to develop items to measure scientific core competency based on statements of scientific core competencies presented in the 2015 revised national science curriculum and to identify the validity and reliability of the newly developed items. Based on the explanations of scientific reasoning, scientific inquiry ability, scientific problem-solving ability, scientific communication ability, participation/lifelong learning in science presented in the 2015 revised national science curriculum, 25 items were developed by five science education experts. To explore the validity and reliability of the developed items, data were collected from 11,348 students in elementary, middle, and high schools nationwide. The content validity, substantive validity, the internal structure validity, and generalization validity proposed by Messick (1995) were examined by various statistical tests. The results of the MNSQ analysis showed that there were no nonconformity in the 25 items. The confirmatory factor analysis using the structural equation modeling revealed that the five-factor model was a suitable model. The differential item functioning analyses by gender and school level revealed that the nonconformity DIF value was found in only two out of 175 cases. The results of the multivariate analysis of variance by gender and school level showed significant differences of test scores between schools and genders, and the interaction effect was also significant. The assessment items of science core competency based on the 2015 revised national science curriculum are valid from a psychometric point of view and can be used in the science education field.