• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.123-148
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• 2001

This study explores the factors affecting emotional support between aging parents and adult children living in separate households. With a social exchange perspective on intergenerational family relationship as theoretical framework, the effects of aging parents\` demographic characteristics, potential reward resources. and need for care were tested by analyzing data collected from 2.535 persons aged 65 and over in 9,355 sample households of \`National Survey of Living Status and Welfare Needs of the Elders-1998\`. The statistical analysis of 2,205 aging parents with adult children living in seperate households reveals that the aging parents who have potential reward resources are provided more emotional support by their children than the aging parents without resources are. Findings also show that the elders who live in same households with their own children, and need help from other people with instrumental activities of daily living obtain less emotional support from their children living in separate households. The empirical findings of this study support the social exchange perspectives on family ties between aging parents and adult children living in separate households. but only 8.9 per cents of variance in degree of emotional support is explained by the variables included in the model.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2010

Objective: The need to bond orthodontic brackets onto various alloys has increased because of the increasing demand for adult orthodontic treatment. This study tried to evaluate the shear bond strength between gold alloy and metal bracket using light emitting diode (LED) light curing after metal primer and silicoating surface conditioning. Methods: Half of the type III gold alloy plates were treated with sandblasting with aluminum oxide and metal primer containing 4-META. the other half were treated with silica and silane. Metal brackets were bonded with Transbond XT light curing adhesive on these plates and shear bond strength were evaluated 1 hour, 6 hours, and 24 hours later. The differences of shear bond strength between groups were evaluated with two-way ANOVA. Results: The results showed higher bond strength in the silicoating group and a tendency of bond strength increase over time. Conclusions: When using LED curing lights for metal bracket bonding to alloy surfaces, long curing time and silicoating can produce a reliable bonding strength.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to explore supporting strategies for teaching and learning based on students' effect recognition and continuous intention in college flipped learning. It was analyzed 426 data by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) by examining student's effect recognition and continuous intention on 15 flipped learning classes of K-university in Chungnam. The characteristics of learners were male, senior students, students who knew flipped learning, students who did not have previous experience, and students who were learning video at anytime. As a teaching strategy, it was found that effect recognition and continuous intention were high in the supplementary deepening flipped learning class and natural science or engineering area. As a teaching and learning supporting strategies, First, the university should develop and operate flipped class learning strategy program for females and low-grade students. Second, it should support the development of good flipped learning design and operation model of instructor. Third, it should support the development of high quality online learning contents that students can learn from time to time. Fourth, it should support the strengthening of teaching competency to develop and operate flipped learning classes. This study can be used as basic data to support and spread the effective flipped learning classes of the university in the future.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.185-203
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• 2011

It's hard for hotel organizations to survive without adaptation to changing environment, and employees' positive attitude are required. The empirical objectives of the study include, firstly, to identify individual factors to influence hotel employees' attitude toward organizational change, secondly, to investigate the effects of the individual factors on their attitude toward organizational change mediated through trust in management Derived from existing literature, three underlying dimensions of the individual factors are given; (1) satisfaction with information, (2) freedom to express opinion, and (3) input from employees. An experimental design is applied to test four hypotheses that reflect the research questions. Five star hotels in Korea are targeted to be surveyed. A total of 156 faithful cases out of 300 cases are analyzed in this study. Descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of variance, and SEM are utilized employing the SPSS and AMOS 7. Results of this study indicate that satisfaction with information, freedom to express opinion, and input from employees are significantly related to hotel employees' attitude toward change mediated through trust in management. At the same time, it shows that trust in management directly influences their attitude toward organizational change. In conclusion, the findings of the study contribute to hotel organizational development.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.675-686
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• 2013

The Korea Food and Drug Administration(KFDA) recommends the use of a $2{\times}2$ crossover design to assess the bioequivalence of generic drugs. However, a standard $2{\times}2$ crossover design for bioequivalence trials is often considered problematic due to ethical and economic issues as highly variable drugs are usually required by large numbers of subjects when designing the trial. To overcome this problem a $2{\times}4$ crossover design has been a recommended option as per US regulations; in addition, a $2{\times}3$ crossover design has also recently drawn special attention as an efficient alternative. The current KFDA regulation requires an ANOVA table for every bioequivalence study; however, ANOVA tables of $2{\times}4$ and $2{\times}3$ crossover designs have never been published in the literature. This study shows the derivation of tables of analysis of variance for a $2{\times}4$ cross-over design and a $2{\times}3$ cross-over design. We also suggest a sample size formulas for $2{\times}2$, $2{\times}4$ and $2{\times}3$ crossover designs to provide information on the selection of efficient designs for highly variable drugs.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.109-116
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• 2020

This study was undertaken to identify factors affecting the mental health of nursing students, including career motivation, sense of humor, and problem-solving ability, and to provide data for improving mental health of nursing students. This research enrolled 235 nursing students in B and Y cities. Data were collected from October 22 to October 31, 2018, and analyzed by applying t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression, using the SPSS/WIN 22.0. The average score for mental health was determined to be 2.19±0.77. Ed. Negative correlation was obtained between mental health and career motivation (r=-0.443, p<0.001), mental health and sense of humor (r=0.400, p<0.001), and mental health and problem-solving ability (r=0.465, p<0.001). Regression analysis showed that 33.4% variance in the mental health of nursing students is affected by gender (β=-0.121, p=0.033), pocket money (β=0.123, p=0.028), peer relation (β=0.165, p=0.004), sense of humor (β=-0.168, p=0.012), and problem-solving ability (β=-0.186, p=0.006). Data from this study indicates a necessity to repeat the study for identifying general characteristics and psychological factors that control an individual, and technical factors that can be acquired through learning. Taken together, we believe that the factors included and indicated in this study influence the mental health of nursing students.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.141-147
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• 2010

Resistance to Phytophthora blight (Phytophthora capsici Leonian) of commercial cultivars of Capsicum pepper in Korea were evaluated from 2008 to 2010. In 2008 and 2009, the cultivars were tested for resistance to the Pc003 isolate collected in Youngyang, Gyeongbuk province. In 2010, the selected cultivars in the previous years were tested by inoculating with 3 isolates obtained from the pepper plants in Miryang in Gyeongnam province, Youngyang in Gyeongbuk province, and Goesan in Chungbuk province. A continuous variation in resistance from highly resistant to susceptible was observed among the commercial pepper cultivars. It was also noted that some cultivars, although their names were initiating with 'Yeokgang' or 'PR' meaning Phytophthora resistance, were very low in resistance or susceptible. When the resistant cultivars selected in 2008 and 2009 experiment were inoculated with the 3 isolates, all the commercial cultivars except a rootstock, 'Tantan', succumbed to the exceptionally virulent Pc005 (Miryang) isolate. Pc002 (Goesan) was a little more virulent than Pc003 (Youngyang). A few cultivars resistant to Pc003 (Youngyang) were severely infected by Pc002 (Goesan). Significant interaction in analysis of variance suggested the differential interactions between cultivars and pathogen isolates. Strategies to breed cultivars having high level of resistance to the highly variable pathogenic fungus, Phytophthora capsici, were discussed.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.169-179
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• 2016

Recently, MPEG-H has been standardizing for a multimedia coder in UHDTV (Ultra-High-Definition TV). Thus, the demand for not only channel-based audio contents but also object-based audio contents is more increasing, which results in developing a new technique of converting channel-based audio contents to object-based ones. In this paper, a non-uniform linear microphone array based source separation method is proposed for realizing such conversion. The proposed method first analyzes the arrival time differences of input audio sources to each of the microphones, and the spectral magnitudes of each sound source are estimated at the horizontal directions based on the analyzed time differences. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, objective performance measures of the proposed method are compared with those of conventional methods such as an MVDR (Minimum Variance Distortionless Response) beamformer and an ICA (Independent Component Analysis) method. As a result, it is shown that the proposed separation method has better separation performance than the conventional separation methods.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.290-295
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the shear bond strength between various commercial all-ceramic system core and veneering ceramics, and evaluate the clinical stability by comparing the conventional metal ceramic system. The test samples were divided into three groups: Ni-Cr alloy (metal bond), yttria-stabilized, tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) (zirconia bond), lithium disilicate (lithium disilicate bond). The veneering porcelain recommended by the manufacturer for each type of material was fired to the core. After firing, the specimens were subjected to shear force in a universal testing machine. Load was applied at a crosshead speed of 0.50 mm/min until failure. Average shear strengths (mega pascal) were analyzed with a one-way analysis of variance and the Tukey test (${\alpha}$=0.05). The mean shear bond strength${\pm}$SD in MPa was $44.79{\pm}2.31$ in the Ni-Cr alloy group, $28.32{\pm}4.41$ in the Y-TZP group, $15.91{\pm}1.39$ in the Lithium disilicate group. The ANOVA showed a significant difference among groups (p<0.05). None of the all-ceramic system core and veneering ceramics could attain the high bond strength values of the metal ceramic combination.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.293-300
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study is finding proper bonding agents to be used when adding bis-acryl composite provisional materials. Materials and Methods: Three bonding agents with different chemical compositions were included in this study. Forty disk shaped specimens of bis-acryl composite provisional material were prepared and divided into 4 groups according to the bonding agents. Control group didn't have bonding agent. Through the Teflon mould with 4.0 mm diameter hole with 4.0 mm thickness the same bis-acryl composite provisional material was added on the disks after the surface of each specimen was treated with designated bonding agent according to the manufacturer's instructions. Shear bond test was performed and the fractured surfaces were inspected with a microscope. One-way analysis of variance was conducted and the result was further analysed with Turkey post hoc test at the significance level of 0.05. Results: The highest strength was acquired from the specimens bonded with chemical cure system and it was statistically significant (P < 0.05). This group showed 100% cohesive failures. The lowest bonding strength was recorded from the specimens used conventional light cure bonding agent, and this group's result was similar with the control group. The group used a light cure bonding agent claiming improved compatibility revealed significantly higher bond strength to the traditional light cure bonding agent group in a statistically significant way (P = 0.043). Conclusion: According to the bonding agent used the shear bond strength was significantly affected. Therefore the choice of proper bonding agent is important when hiring a bonding agent to add bis-acryl composite provisional materials.