• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1705-1711
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• 2004

Three experiments were conducted to investigate the interaction of breed-by-chitosan supplementation on the major economic traits in broiler chickens. In experiment 1, one-day-old broiler chicks were fed ad libitum on a basal diet (CON-group) or basal diet containing chitosan at an inclusion level of 10.5 mg/bird/day (EXP-group). The EXP-group birds in experiments 2 and 3 were supplemented from 15 day-old by the same amount of chitosan used in experiment 1. In experiment 1, the mean body weight of the EXP-group chickens was significantly (p<0.05) heavier in comparison with those of CON-group birds from day 21 of the experiment. Especially in 35 day-old mean body weight, the EXP-group birds of Arbor Acres, Peterson, and Ross were significantly (p<0.05) heavier by 121.8 g, 118.5 g, and 242.8 g than the CON-group birds, respectively. However, the mean body weights in experiments 2 and 3 did not significantly differ between the CON-group birds and the EXP-group birds fed with chitosan supplementation from day 15 post birth. In the comparisons among breeds on the mean body weight at 35 day-old, the birds of Arbor Acres were significantly (p<0.05) heavier than ones of Peterson or Ross; however, there were no significant differences between Peterson and Ross or Cobb and Ross birds in overall in the experiments. The mean 15-35 d FCR of the EXP-group birds in experiment 1 were significantly (p<0.05) lower at least in two of the three breeds (Arbor Acres and Ross breeds) than that of the CON-group birds. None of the mean 15-35 d FCR in either experiment 2 or 3 showed significant differences between groups within a breed. In all three experiments, the differences amongst breeds in the mean 15-35 d FCR were not great either. Significant differences were not generally shown in the mean percentage of abdominal fat deposition between groups within a breed in overall experiments except in the Cobb breed in experiment 3. The mean percentages of abdominal fat deposition were significantly (p<0.05) lower in Ross birds than in Arbor Acres or Peterson birds and in Cobb birds than in Ross birds. By the results of the analysis of variance, the interaction of breed-by-diet (chitosan) supplementation on any of the major economic traits including mean percentage of abdominal fat deposition was not significant in overall experiments. Results of these experiments indicate that dietary supplementation with chitosan for the improvement of growth or feed conversion ratio in broilers has an efficacy when the supplementation begins from day-old.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.278-285
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• 2016

This study used response surface methodology (RSM) in an effort to optimize the ultrasoundassisted extraction condition of Camellia sinensis L. and Artemisia argyi mixture in order to increase extraction yield in the extract. The effects of three independent variables, $X_1$ (Mixture ratio, 60-80%), $X_2$ (Ratio of water to raw material, 20~100 mL/g), and $X_3$ (Extraction time, 25-145 min), were investigated at three levels using Box-Behnken design (BBD) to obtain the highest extraction efficiency. Y (Extraction yield) was chosen as dependent variable. Our result showed that the coefficient of determination ($R^2$) of the model was 0.9747, with significant at the level of p < 0.002. Furthermore, the predicted values of each variable were similar to the actual values. The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: mixture ratio of 85.86%, ratio of water to raw material of 92.73 mL/g, and extraction time of 56.52 min. At these conditions, predicted extraction yield was 30.03%. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated a high goodness of model fit and the success of the RSM method for optimizing extraction conditions of Camellia sinensis L. and Artemisia argyi mixture.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.281-293
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• 2000

This study was conducted to identify the relationships among self-care agency, family support, qualify of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The subjects were 120 rheumatoid arthritis patients who attended RA O.P.D. at a university hospital, located in Daegu city, from 10th of May in 1998 to 30th of July in 1998. Three structure questionnaires were administered for explore three main research variables; 소향숙's self-care agency scale, 강현숙's family support scale, and 김종임's quality of life scale of RA patien. Data analysis was conducted with SPSS program including percentage, mean, standard deviation, mean score, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, multiple regression, and Cronbach's Alpha. Results are summarized as follows; 1. The mean of RA patient's self-care agency was 136.62, the mean of family support 37.38, and the mean of qualify of life 134.41. 2. Subject's self-care agency was positively correlated with family support(r=.2446) and with quality of life(r=.4341). Subject's family support was positively correlated with quality of life(r=.2630). 3. Stepwise multiple regression was used to determine the predictors of subject's quality of life. Significant predictors for subject's quality of life were self-care agency(t=4.873 p=0.0000), family support(t=4.480 p=0.0000) and the severity of arthralgia(t=-3.838, p=0.0002). The number of joints involved and the periods of illness did not show significant contribution to subject's quality of life. Self-care agency, family support, and family support explained 40. 39% of the variance in RA patient's quality of life. Given this results, it is suggested that a repeated study to measure RA patient's self-care practice in their own life may be needed to develope and validate an optimum level of nursing intervention for RA patient with which family support will be encouraged and patient's self-care agency will be facilitated.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.113-126
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• 2007

Mineral nutrients and population dynamics of soil microbes in the root zones of zoysiagrass infected by Rhizoctonia solani AG2-2 and that of healthy plants were sampled from ten golf courses using a cup cutter(diameter $10\;cm\;{\times}\;8\;cm$ deep). Analysis of variance(ANOVA) showed significant differences in content of $NO_3$-N(P = 0.05), $NH_4$-N(P = 0.1), and K(P = 0.1) between infected and healthy samples. The content of $NO_3$-N in the soils of large patch was 9.49 mg/kg and that in soil of healthγ plants was 7.02 mg/kg. However, the content of $NH_4$-N in the soil of large patch was 12.02 mg/kg whereas 14.40 mg/kg for the soil under the healthy plants. The content of K in the soil of large patch was lower than that of soil of healthy plants. There was few numbers of Pseudomonas colonies In the soils of large patch compared to that of healthy plants. These results indicated that the content of $NO_3$-N, NH4-N, and K and the microbial population dynamics in root zones correlated to occurrence of large patch.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.3.1-3.9
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• 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the impact of a glide-path on the shaping ability of 2 single-file instruments and to compare the centering ability, maintenance of original canal curvatures and area of instrumentation in simulated S-shaped root canals. Materials and Methods: Forty simulated S-shaped root canals were used and were prepared with One Curve (group OC), One G and OC (group GOC), Reciproc Blue (group RB) and R-Pilot and RB (group PRB) and scanned before and after instrumentation. The images were analyzed using AutoCAD. After superimposing the samples, 4 levels (D1, D2, D3, and D4) and 2 angles (Δ1 and Δ2) were established to evaluate the centering ability and modification of the canal curvatures. Then, the area of instrumentation (ΔA) was measured. The data were analyzed using 2-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test for multiple comparisons (p < 0.05). Results: Regarding the centering ability in the apical part (D3, D4), the use of the glide-path yielded better results than the single-file groups. Among the groups at D4, OC showed the worst results (p < 0.05). The OC system removed less material (ΔA) than the RB system, and for Δ1, OC yielded a worse result than RB (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The glide-path improved the centering ability in the apical part of the simulated S-shaped canals. The RB system showed a better centering ability in the apical part and major respect of the canal curvatures compared with OC system.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.54.1-54.16
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• 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to synthesize nanocrystals (NCs) of zinc oxide (ZnO) and calcium ion (Ca²⁺)-doped ZnO with different percentages of calcium oxide (CaO), to evaluate cytotoxicity and to assess the effects of the most promising NCs on cytotoxicity depending on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Materials and Methods: Nanomaterials were synthesized (ZnO and ZnO:xCa, x = 0.7; 1.0; 5.0; 9.0) and characterized using X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, and methylene blue degradation. SAOS-2 and RAW 264.7 were treated with NCs, and evaluated for viability using the MTT assay. NCs with lower cytotoxicity were maintained in contact with LPS-stimulated (+LPS) and nonstimulated (-LPS) human dental pulp cells (hDPCs). Cell viability, nitric oxide (NO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were evaluated. Cells kept in culture medium or LPS served as negative and positive controls, respectively. One-way analysis of variance and the Dunnett test (α = 0.05) were used for statistical testing. Results: ZnO:0.7Ca and ZnO:1.0Ca at 10 ㎍/mL were not cytotoxic to SAOS-2 and RAW 264.7. +LPS and -LPS hDPCs treated with ZnO, ZnO:0.7Ca, and ZnO:1.0Ca presented similar NO production to negative control (p > 0.05) and lower production compared to positive control (p < 0.05). All NCs showed reduced ROS production compared with the positive control group both in +LPS and -LPS cells (p < 0.05). Conclusions: NCs were successfully synthesized. ZnO, ZnO:0.7Ca and ZnO:1.0Ca presented the highest percentages of cell viability, decreased ROS and NO production in +LPS cells, and maintenance of NO production at basal levels.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.252-258
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• 1999

The aims of this study is to classify the lower somatotype of adult women and appearance analysis on the shape of flare skirts by using the image processing. Also We have made skirts in order to analyze the various types of appearance of flare skirts by using the image processing. The subjects for our wear test lower somatotype, who were controlled in their waist, abdomen and hip shapes. The flare skirts used for wear test were 112 types(combinated 14 fabric type and 8 lower somatotype). The effect of lower somatotype on the shape of flare skirts was determined by the horizontally hem line section shape and the silhouette of flare skirts with image processing. The data were analyzed by using analysis of variance and Turkey, Duncan multiple range test. The results obtained are summarized as follows: It is shown that the fabric weight elongation differs in fabrics properties, in direction of textures. The shape horizontal section of flare skirt hem line has differed with the number of nodes, wave-height of nodes and breadth of silhouette by fabrics properties and lower somatotype. It is noticed that the breadth of flare skirts by the silhouette has high correlation with the drape ability of fabrics and lower somatotype. Results for our flare skirts show changes in amplitude and mean with fabrics, somatotype. Therefore we can say that gray-level histograms are correlated with changes in appearance, differences in drape spacing and related fabric properties and their somatotype.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.11-23
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• 2003

Objectives : The 1990s has seen advances in the conceptualization of self-perceived health status which has important roles for individual health and the quality of life. Many types of standardized questionnaires have been developed with the current wide use of SF-36, NHP, andEuroQol. However, the outcomes of these tools may be different with regard to regional, cultural and emotional backgrounds. The purpose of this study was to trial the development of a Korean Health Profile (KHP 1.0) to measure the self-perceived health stati of Koreans. Methods : The KHP 1.0 was designed on the basis of the Medical Outcome Study Form 36 (SF-36), the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), and the EuroQOL. It was composed of 9 scales; physical functioning, role limitation-physical, pain, general health, energy, social isolation, sleep, role limitation-emotional, and e-motional health. Self-reported chronic disease conditions, and the Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), were also checked for the evaluation of clinical validity. This study was conducted, from December 2000 to January 2001, on 800 middle-aged parents, with four high school students, with 100 retest sets being conducted two weeks later. From the 800 subjects there were 588 complete responses (effective response 73.5%). The reliability of the test-retest results, and the factor analysis on the validity of the KHP 1.0 components, were evaluated using the SPSS (ver 10.0) software. Results : The reliability of the KHP 1.0 was good with Cronbach's alpha (>0.6), test-retest correlation coefficients (>0.5), but with no significant differences from the paired t-test. From the psychometric validity tests, the 9 scales of the KHP 1.0 were divided into two components; physical and mental, and trimmed to the established model with 55% of the total variance, with the exception of role limitation-emotional. The clinical validity on the basis of the comparison for the four characteristic groups; healthy, physical conditions only, mental conditions only, and physical and mental conditions were also good. Conclusions : The KHP 1.0 appears to be a valid measurement tool of self-perceived health stati of Koreans, although there are limitations, i.e. sample size was too small, a limited number of middle-aged subjects, and it was based on unconfirmed diagnoses, etc. Therefore, further study is required to standardize the assessment.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.283-300
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• 1997

This study was undertaken to grasp health-promoting behavior of the elderly and to identify variables related to them in order to facilitate nursing intervention for health promotion of this population. The subjects for this study were 291 old persons obtained by cluster sampling from twenty general social welfare centers located in Tague. Data were collected by self-reported questionnaires from August 13 to September 13, 1996. Questionnaires were developed based on Sherer and others' Self-Efficacy scale, Rosenberg's Self-Esteem scale, Wallston and other's Multidimensional Health Locus of Control scale, Northern illinois University's Helath Self Rating Scale, Walker and others' Health Promotion Lifestyles Profile. Analysis of the data was done by use of descriptive statistics, stepwise multiple regression, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, MANOVA, t-test, and ANOVA. The results were summarized as follows : 1. For the practice of health-promoting behavior, the mean score was 2.89 and range was 3.59 to 2.09. The factor of the highest mean score was regular diet(M=3.42) and factor of the lowest mean score as stress management(M=2.27). 2. The combination of self-efficacy, internal health locus of control, family number, and average monthly pocket money explained 30.0% of the variance of health-promoting behavior. 3. With regard to the relationship between health-promoting behavior and cognitive perceptual factor, self-efficacy correlated positively with health-promoting behavior(r=.4951, P=.0001), self-esteem correlated positively(r=.3263, P=.0001), internal health locus of control correlated positively(r=.3244, P=.0001), perceived health status correlated positively(r=.1355, P=.0274). 4. According to age(F=2.50, P=.0431), sex(t=2.14, P=.0332), marital status(F=7.85, P=.0005), education(F=5.44, P=.0003), family number(F=11.18, P=.0001), people living together(F=7.21, P=.0009), previous occupation(F=5.83, P=.0001), average monthly pocket money(F=7.27, P=.0001), there were differences of health-promoting behavior. The above findings show that health-promoting behavior are related to demographic characteristics, four cognitive perceptual factors(self-efficacy, self-esteem, internal health locus of control, perceived health status). On the basis of the above findings the following recommendations are made ; 1. Nursing interventions enhancing exercise or activity, accountability for health, stress management of the elderly must be provided. 2. Nursing strategies enhancing self-efficacy which is most significant effect on health-promoting behavior must be developed.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.174-179
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• 2015

Academic integrity guarantees the professional integrity and validity of the education and qualifications offered by the veterinary schools. In this study, we analyzed the responses of 528 veterinary students of two veterinary schools in Seoul regarding their awareness about, knowledge of, and frequency of engaging in academic misconduct. A total of 88.4 percent of the participants agreed that cheating and plagiarism by undergraduates would influence their future academic misconduct. The most common form of academic misconduct was plagiarism (71.7% in the A school, 69.5% in the B school), with falsification (40.2% in the A school, 31.7% in the B school) also reported at a high rate. Students indicated the lack of a culture of academic integrity as the main reason for academic misconduct. According to the regression analysis students' awareness and knowledge of academic integrity and their perception of peers' academic misconduct predicted a significant amount of variance of the frequency of academic misconduct. The findings of this study support that academic integrity should be learned in a flexible format from an early stage of professional development in veterinary curriculum. In parallel with the efforts of faculty, a community approach may be likely to improve the academic environment in terms of integrity.