• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.314-324
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was done to test the reliability and validity of the Korean parent as a teacher (KPAAT) inventory for a group of parents of preschoolers. Methods: For this methodological study with 187parents were recruited from October to December, 2004 using convenience sampling. Self-report questionnaires measured level of child-rearing attitude. Internal consistency reliability was assessed with Cronbach's alpha coefficients. Construct validity of KPAAT inventory was analyzed using item analyses and factor analysis. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS Program Version 14.0. Results: The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the KPAAT inventory was 0.881. For item analyses, inter-item correlation coefficients were -0.029${\sim}$0.781. Corrected item-total correlation coefficients were 0.012-0.737. Item-to"subscale correlation coefficients ranged from 0.509 to 0.817. Subscale-to-total correlation coefficients were 0.965, 0.711, respectively. Orthogonal varimax rotation of the 85 items in 16 areas of the KPAAT inventory, showed two factors, positive parenting attitude and negative parenting attitude. These two factors explained 48.2% of the total variance. Conclusion: In the original KPAAT inventory six factors were identified through factor analysis, however, in this study only two factors were extracted. Whereas, internal consistency reliability was within an acceptable range, these results suggest additional studies are needed to improve the validity of the KPAAT inventory.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2018

Purpose: Smartphones, which are widely used worldwide to detect acceleration and position, have been used in the area of rehabilitation medicine in recent clinical research studies and tests. The aim of the present study was to determine the feasibility of using a smartphone application based on center of movement (COM) displacement to measure gait parameters in stroke patients in the clinical field of rehabilitation medicine. Methods: The study consisted of 30 stroke patients. The COM was measured using a smartphone application, Gait Analysis Pro, during a 6-m walk. Each patient performed three 6-m walking trials, and the smartphone application measured gait duration, gait speed, step length, cadence, and vertical and lateral displacement of the COM. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was conducted to determine the normality in gait parameters, and a repeated one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine the consistency among the three trials. A p value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant in all the tests. Results: In all the measured parameters, the smartphone application showed a normal distribution, as shown by the results of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. There were no significant differences among the three repetitive walking trials. Conclusion: These results suggest that the smartphone application can be used for evaluating gait in stroke patients, as well as in healthy adults. However, prior to using the smartphone application in the clinical field, further research involving three-dimensional gait analysis is needed to enhance the confidence level of the findings.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.495-505
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop 360 feedback for nursing unit manager based on the current personnel evaluation system and to evaluate the new tool according to evaluation subjects. Total of 277 subjects of nurse unit managers and staff nurses were participated in this study. Method: The study was conducted in three phases each for development, application, and analysis of 360 feedback. SAS program was utilized for data analysis with descriptive statistics, t-test, and analysis of variance. Result: The evaluation criteria of the developed 360 feedback tool consisted of 13 subscales such as professional knowledge, apprehension & judgement, job performance, applicability, creativity, leadership, responsibility, promptness & accuracy, administrative ability & sense of mission, activeness, cooperation, communicability, and general attitude. The internal consistency of the tool was Cronbach's alpha .939. The evaluation score by! peers(M=4.30) was the highest one, followed by self-evaluation(M=4.23), evaluation by supervisor(M=4.17), and evaluation by subordinate(M=4.10). The differences in the total evaluation scores among the subjects supervisor, self, peer, and subordinate were not statistically significant, but significant differences were found in some subscales scores. Conclusion: Further research is required to test the reliability and validity of the $360^{\circ}$ feedback tool, and to test the outcome and the process of $360^{\circ}$ feedback system.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.501-509
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• 2016

We propose a method to improve the robustness of speaker verification on short test utterances. The accuracy of the state-of-the-art i-vector/probabilistic linear discriminant analysis systems can be degraded when testing utterance durations are short. The proposed method compensates for utterance variations of short test feature vectors using deep neural networks. We design three different types of DNN (Deep Neural Network) structures which are trained with different target output vectors. Each DNN is trained to minimize the discrepancy between the feed-forwarded output of a given short utterance feature and its original long utterance feature. We use short 2-10 s condition of the NIST (National Institute of Standards Technology, U.S.) 2008 SRE (Speaker Recognition Evaluation) corpus to evaluate the method. The experimental results show that the proposed method reduces the minimum detection cost relative to the baseline system.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.114-119
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• 2009

Field test was conducted to investigate primary factors reducing rapeseed harvesting using a reciprocating cutter-bar of combine. The results showed that the correlation between crop moisture content and yield loss had a U-type, which indicated that the yield reduction increased at too high and too low crop moisture contents. The proper ranges of crop moisture contents were 27${\sim}$35%, 21${\sim}$56%, and 62${\sim}$73% in case of grain, pod and stem, respectively. Crop moisture content was negatively correlated with header loss, but positively correlated with threshing loss. In contrary, stem moisture content showed positive correlations with total loss, threshing loss and separation loss. Working speed was positively correlated with header loss. Total flow rate, pod flow rate and stem flow rate were highly correlated with threshing loss and separation loss. However, grain flow rate did not show any correlation with total loss. According to the principal component analysis, two principal components were derived as components with eigenvalues greater than 1.0. The contribution rates of the first and the second components were 52.7% and 38.9%, which accounted for 91.6% of total variance. As a contributive factor influencing total loss of rapeseed mechanical harvesting, a crop moisture content factor was greater than a crop flow rate factor. The stepwise multiple regression analysis for total loss was conducted using crop moisture content factor, crop flow rate factor and coefficient. However, the model did not show any correlation among independent and dependent factors ($R^2$=0.060).

• 한국노년학
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.1119-1135
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• 2012

The single and the married couples elderly are rapidly increasing in the next twenty years. Due to the size of these group, their level of living, life satisfaction, income and medical security and welfare services utilization have been a social issue in Korea. For these reasons, the purpose of this study was to analyze the determinants of welfare services utilization by the single and the married couples elderly. Their analyses were composed of a cross-tabulations and t-test, analysis of variance, duncan test, multiple regression analysis using 5'th Wave Korea Welfare Panel(2010). Data were collected from a survey of 2,716. The results showed that the elderly single women had the lowest level of income and health, the elderly single men needed the help about the emotional support for improvement of family and social relations. The married couples elderly are young and the participation rate of job opportunities for the elderly is high, relatively. The results of the multiple regression analysis indicated that the level of income and medical security and the satisfaction of family relationships were important factors as related to the welfare services utilization.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.155-165
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• 2017

This study was conducted to explore differences of major selection regret and reasons by major selection motivation, and differences of college life, employment goal, first job satisfaction among groups by major selection motivation and regret of college graduates. For this study, '2013 Year Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey' of KEIS was examined by cross-tabulation analysis and one-way analysis of variance. The results were as follows: First, in the case of major selection by intrinsic motivation, less regrets were given than extrinsic motivation. Second, the biggest reason of regret was 'difficulty of unemployment' in case of intrinsic motivation and 'not fit in aptitude' in case of extrinsic motivation. Third, there were differences of college life, employment goal, first job satisfaction among four groups by major selection motivation and regret.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.340-348
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the nutritional status of liver transplantation (LT) recipients and explore certain factors that influence nutritional status, including dietary patterns and physical activities. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study. The subjects included 211 LT recipients at a medical center outpatient clinic located in Seoul, Korea. The nutritional status, dietary patterns, and physical activities of each subject were measured using the body mass index (BMI), Mini Dietary Assessment (MDA), and Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results: The percentages of living and deceased donor LTs were 81.0% and 19.0%, respectively. The mean BMIs pre- and post-LT were 23.88 and $23.16kg/m^2$, respectively, and the average MDA score was 36.55. More than 60.0% of the subjects had a moderate or high level of physical activity. In multivariate analysis, a higher BMI before LT (${\beta}=.72$, p<.001), a lower Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) score (${\beta}=-.18$, p<.001), and being male (${\beta}=-.10$, p=.024) contributed to better nutritional status post-LT. Patients within six months of LT were less engaged in muscle exercises than those post six months of LT (p=.020). Conclusion: LT recipients in Korea have good nutritional status and a good level of physical activity. To improve recipients' post-LT nutritional status, the pre-LT nutritional status should be considered, particularly in those with a higher MELD score. In addition, physical activity including muscle-strengthening exercises should be encouraged from an earlier stage.

• Journal of the Korean society of biological therapies in psychiatry
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.156-162
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• 2018

Objectives : This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the level of ego-resilience and depression, anxiety, conduct problems and self-esteem in a large sample of Korean adolescents. Methods : A total 4508(2036 males and 2472 females) middle and high school students in Gwang-ju metropolitan city were included in this study. Subjects were asked to complete a self-reported questionnaire, including Ego-Resilience(ER) scale, Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory(BAI), Self-Esteem Scale(SES), 15 items in Korean-Youth Self Report(K-YSR) to measure conduct problems and demographic variables. Subjects were classified into three high, intermediate and low ER group according to total ER scale scores. Results : Total ER scores was positively correlated with total SES scores and negatively correlated with total BDI, BAI, and conduct problem scores. Using analysis ANOVA(analysis and variance) and post hoc test, significant mean differences in BDI, BAI, SES and conduct problem scores were observed among the three groups. High ER group showed that SES scores were significantly higher and BDI, BAI and conduct problem scores were significantly lower than that observed in middle and lower ER group. Using multiple regression analysis, the results showed that depression, low self-esteem were significant factors affecting ego-resilience in adolescents. Conclusion : Our findings indicate that depression, anxiety, behavioral problem such as conduct problems and low self-esteem are associated with low ego-resilience.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.185-191
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• 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters for worm resistance (WR) and associated characteristics, using the linear-threshold animal model via Bayesian inference in single- and multiple-trait analyses. Methods: Data were collected from a herd of Santa Inês breed sheep. All information was collected with animals submitted to natural contamination conditions. All data (number of eggs per gram of feces [FEC], Famacha score [FS], body condition score [BCS], and hematocrit [HCT]) were collected on the same day. The animals were weighed individually on the day after collection (after 12-h fasting). The WR trait was defined by the multivariate cluster analysis, using the FEC, HCT, BCS, and FS of material collected from naturally infected sheep of the Santa Inês breed. The variance components and genetic parameters for the WR, FEC, HCT, BCS, and FS traits were estimated using the Bayesian inference under the linear and threshold animal model. Results: A low magnitude was obtained for repeatability of worm-related traits. The mean values estimated for heritability were of low-to-high (0.05 to 0.88) magnitude. The FEC, HCT, BCS, FS, and body weight traits showed higher heritability (although low magnitude) in the multiple-trait model due to increased information about traits. All WR characters showed a significant genetic correlation, and heritability estimates ranged from low (0.44; single-trait model) to high (0.88; multiple-trait model). Conclusion: Therefore, we suggest that FS be included as a criterion of ovine genetic selection for endoparasite resistance using the trait defined by multivariate cluster analysis, as it will provide greater genetic gains when compared to any single trait. In addition, its measurement is easy and inexpensive, exhibiting greater heritability and repeatability and a high genetic correlation with the trait of resistance to worms.