• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.31 no.6 s.119
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• pp.482-488
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• 2006

Application of precision farming technology to rice cultivation could be an effective measure for rice quality improvement and environment-friendly agriculture. This study was conducted to develope a variable rate pneumatic granule applicator. Previous study reported that application uniformity of the prototype machine (C.V. = 23.3%) was not satisfactory. To improve the uniformity, increase of blow-head number from 12 to 16 was suggested. Analysis of the pneumatic conveying system showed that increase of number of blow-head was possible. Three-way variance analysis of the modified applicator showed that inserting length should be changed according to granule metering rate. The range of metering rate from 27.3 to 417.9 g/s were divided into 4 levels and 4 sets of inserting lengths were determined to ensure CV values less than 15%. The revised applicator showed satisfactory C.V. values of 9.4 to 14.6% in the metering rate. Granule conveying pattern was observed using a high speed camera and judged as the homogeneous flow pattern.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.1246-1254
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• 2009

The reproducibility of initial value and change over time of surface EMG spike variables(MSA, MSF, MSS, MSD) was investigated in the biceps brachii muscle of 11 healthy subjects. Surface EMG signals were recorded during sustained isometric voluntary contractions for 30 seconds at three contraction levels, 20%, 50%, and 80%MVC, respectively. Each contraction was repeated three times in each of three different days for a total of nine contractions and 99 contractions per %MVC level across the eleven subjects. A total of 297 EMG signals across the different trials, days, subjects, and %MVC levels was saved for the subsequent analysis. The degree of reproducibility was investigated using the intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC) and the standard error of the mean(SEM) based upon the analysis of variance(ANOVA), Results for intercept showed higher reproducibility of the spike variables with about 60%-98% ICC than the variable(ARV, MNF) which had been analyzed before in other researches. And results for slope showed poor reproducibility of the spike variables with about 30%-70% ICC and they were comparable with the variables of other researches.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.223-229
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• 2011

The taxonomy of the Isodon excisus complex has been ambiguous and problematic because the morphological characters, especially characters related to the leaf distinguishing subgroups of the complex in the original descriptions, are variable. To elucidate the taxonomic structure of the I. excisus complex in Korea, 34 characters were measured from 70 OTUs representing different locations and analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA). The analysis showed that principle component axis 1, 2, 3 (PC1, PC2, PC3) represents 52.0% of the total variance and characters showing high loading values for PC1 were leaf shape, density of non-glandular hairs on the lower surface of the leaf, and characters related to the teeth of the leaf. The length of apical tooth and the angle between two widest points of the leaf were highly correlated to PC2 and PC3, respectively. Three-dimensional scatter plotting of OTUs for PC1, PC2, and PC3 axis showed that the areas of previously recognized three subgroups of I. excisus completely overlapped. Our result supported that just one taxon, I. excisus var. excisus, should be recognized in the complex at the variety level.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.65-76
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• 1999

The purposes of this study are (1) to research the purchasing consumption and disposing skill of adolescents and related variables and (2) to provide some informations about the consumer education program and policy for adolescents. The survey of this study was conducted using questionnaires. The data used in this study included 649 adolescents in Phohang. The statistics used for data analysis were frequency distribution, mean, standard deviation, analysis of variance(ANOVA) with Scheffe'-test. T-test, Multiple Regression Analysis, using the SPSS Win program. The results of this research were as follows：1) Purchasing skill was different significantly according to sex, grade, mother’s educational level, the degree of keeping an account book, the degree of checking after using the pocket money, interest on the contents related with consumer’s daily life and communication about consumption with their friends and parents. Consumption skill was different significantly according to grade, amount of pocket money, the degree of keeping an account book, the degree of checking after using the pocket money, interest on the contents related with consumer’s daily life and communication about consumption with their parents. Disposing skill was different significantly according to grade, from of school amount of pocket money, the degree of keeping an account book, the degree of checking after using the pocket money, interest on the contents related with consumer’s daily life and communication about consumption with their parents. 2) The most influential variable of purchasing, consumption & disposing skill was ‘communication about consumption with their parents’ and ‘the interest on the contents related with consumer’s daily life’respectively.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.629-638
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• 2008

Purpose: This was a methodological research to develop an instrument to assess the emotional response of family members of physically restrained patients. Methods: A primary instrument with 68 questions was developed based on literature review and semi-structured interviews with family members. A group of experts revised individual questions and removed 4 irrelevant questions. This secondary instrument, then, was tested with 199 family members of physically restrained patients in intensive care units of a university hospital. The validity and reliability of the instrument were tested by factor analysis. Results: After item analysis, 3 questions with a correlation coefficient under .30 were discarded and the questions with a factor loading under .45 on Varimax Rotation were also removed. After factor analysis on the final 37 questions, 7 factors were identified; avoidance, shock, helplessness, grudge, depression, anxiousness, and acceptance. The total variance explained was 55.63%. The reliability of this instrument was 0.93 of Cronbach's alpha. Conclusion: This instrument was statistically reliable and valid to measure family's emotional response to physical restraints of the patients. This instrument can be useful in assessing the effects of nursing interventions for family members of restrained patients.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.283-289
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate flexural strength of full zirconia crown using block after clinical work. Methods: The three point bending test was used to measure the flexural strength of zirconia block. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 19.0 for Windows. As for the analysis methods, the study used analysis of variance, Tukey's test. Results: The ave Rage value of flexural strengths of WIELAND, Zirkonzahn, Hass, D-MAX were 516.2 MPa, 612.6MPa, 566.2MPa, 744.6MPa. The ave Rage value of Surface Roughness of WIELAND, Zirkonzahn, Hass, D-MAX were 0.39Ra, 0.33Ra, 0.33Ra, 0.47Ra. Conclusion: Flexural strength of zirconia block decreased after clinical work. Flexural strength of zirconia block is equal to or higher than flexural strength of dental metal, so zirconia block can be used as dental material.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.596-608
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to reveal the relationship between self confidence in fashion coordination and fashion information search of men. This study also examine the utility of services of fashion coordination in fashion store. A questionnaire was developed and data was collected from 248 male consumer in the age of $20{\sim}29$ living in Busan and it was analyzed by the statistical method of frequencies, factor analysis, analysis of variance and regression. The results of this study were as follows: First, information contents of fashion coordination include four dimension, such as fashion style information, knowledge about fashion item, way of putting-on for stylish appearance and beauty information. And degree of search fashion information was significant different among groups classified by consumer's level of self confidence in fashion coordination. Second, multiple regression analysis revealed that consumer's self confidence in fashion coordination could be predicted from the amount of search fashion information contents and information sources. In conclusion, fashion information search was important factor which influenced on self confidence in fashion coordination. and male consumers perceived fashion coordination services in fashion store will be useful information.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.366-375
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• 2006

In this paper, it is intended to introduce a method to solve multi-objective optimization problems and to evaluate its performance. In order to verify the performance of this method it is applied for a vertical roller mill for Portland cement. A design process is defined with the compromise decision support problem concept and a design process consists of two steps: the design of experiments and mathematical programming. In this process, a designer decides an object that the objective function is going to pursuit and a non-linear optimization is performed composing objective constraints with practical constraints. In this method, response surfaces are used to model objectives (stress, deflection and weight) and the optimization is performed for each of the objectives while handling the remaining ones as constraints. The response surfaces are constructed using orthogonal polynomials, and orthogonal array as design of experiment, with analysis of variance for variable selection. In addition, it establishes the relative influence of the design variables in the objectives variability. The constrained optimization problems are solved using sequential quadratic programming. From the results, it is found that the method in this paper is a very effective and powerful for the multi-objective optimization of various practical design problems. It provides, moreover, a reference of design to judge the amount of excess or shortage from the final object.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.1275-1286
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to investigate how the shape of the lower body influences an individuals' ease in fitting skirts. Subjects in this study consisted of 188 adult females categorized into two groups(the first group were subjects 18∼33 years of age and the second group 34∼59 years of age), whose measurements were taken and then compared between the two groups. The subjects were also categorized into 5 different lower body types. The following are the results; (1) The comparative analysis of the ease from the two a9e groups showed a bigger value of waist girth in the young age group. And thereverse results were found when measuring hip firth. (2) The correlation analysis between the ease and the anthropometric data showed a weak statistical correlation in the older group, and showed no statistical correlation in the younger group. However, there was correlation between the ease and the body measurements as well as between the differences of waist girth and hip girth. (3) The most appropriate average ease of skirt in the young age group was 1.03 cm for waist and 5.71 cm for hip; the most appropriate average ease of skirt in the older age group was -0.76 cm at the waist and 4.10 cm at the hip. (4) Analysis of variance with a special emphasis on the ease of waist girth and hip girth according to the anthropometric data of the lower body revealed a statistically significant correlation.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2002

Objectives : Assuming That the Characteristic of Meridian System Has Been Similar to This of Electric Potentials in Human Body and That Measurements of Electric Potential at Well and Sea Points in Branches of the Twelve Meridians Will Be Representative of Measurements of the Twelve Meridians, to Measure the Electric Potentials in Healthy Volunteers(HG), Patients Diagnosed As a Cerebral Infarction(CG), a Arrhythmia(AG), a Other Intervertebral Disc Disorder(IG), and a Joint Disorder(JG), and Then to Find Out the Characteristic of Biophysical Meridian System, Finally to Compare with the Results of the Electric Potential in Those Groups. Methods : We Selected Who HG Were Diagnosed by a Blood Test, Urine Examination and Differentiation of Syndromes by Five Viscera among Volunteers, CG by CT and Wind-Syndrome Caused by Hyperactivity of the Liver-Yang, AG by EKG, CT, and Deficiency or the Heart Blood, IG by X-ray or CT and Pain in Waist, and JG by X-ray and Knee Pain. Their Electric Potential of Well and Sea Points in the Meridians Were Measured by hysiograph. Results and Conclusions : Measurements Were Analyzed by Factor Analysis, Analysis of Variance, and Logistic Regression Model, We Obtained That Most of the Results, In Conclusion, Hold Good for the Classical Meridian Doctrine.