• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.245-256
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to determined the converge effects of combined exercise rehabilitation on lower limb muscular function and cytokines in taekwondo player with patellofemoral pain syndrome. In this study, combined exercise rehabilitation(aquatic exercise 3 times a week, resistance exercise 2 times a week) was performed and 20 collegiate taekwondo player with patellofemoral pain syndrome(control group: n=10, combined exercise rehabilitation group: n=10) were participated for 8 weeks. Statistical significance verification was carried out by a two - way ANOVA repeated measures design as a mixture using the SPSS 18.0 program. The statistically significant level was set at 0.05. The results of this study were as following. Peak torque was higher significantly in extensor(p<.001) and flexor(p<.01) at $60^{\circ}/sec$ in the combined exercise rehabilitation group than the control group over combined exercise treatment period. Average power was higher significantly in extensor muscles at $180^{\circ}/sec$ in the combined exercise rehabilitation group than the control group over combined exercise treatment period.(p<.01). The variable of TNF-a was higher significantly in the combined exercise rehabilitation group than the control group as over combined exercise treatment period. Therefore, it can be concluded that a combined exercise rehabilitation program is effective in improving the lower limb muscular function and TNF-a in Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome patient.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.808-823
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• 2008

Sediment abrasion in rivers is caused by the interaction between bedrock channel bed and sediment particles transported through the river. Abrasion rate of sediment particles in rivers is controlled by two major factors; Sediment transport conditions including hydraulic conditions form the erosive forces and physical and chemical strengths of the particles form a resistance force against abrasion and other erosional processes. Physical experiments were performed to find the role of each variable on sediment abrasion process. Total 266 sediment particles were used in this experiment. All sediment particles were divided into 11 independent sediment groups with sediment particle size and sediment loads. Each sediment groups were abraded in tumbling mill for up to 8 hours. Changes in weight were recorded by run and total: 2,128 cases of abrasion rate were recoded. Physical strength of rock particles was measured with point load strength index. It is found that sediment abrasion rate has a negative functional relationship point load strength index ($I_{a(50)}$) ($R^2=0.22$). It was suggested that physical strength of sediment particles set the "maximum possible abrasion rate'. As sediment flux increases, abrasion rates of sediment particles with similar point load strength index were changed. It could be concluded that not only physical characteristics of sediment particles, but also sediment transport conditions control sediment abrasion rates.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.1753-1763
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• 2013

In the design phase of sea-crossing bridge projects, ship collision problem is mostly participated in decision of substructure section and it would be performed by risk assessment and impact simulations. Ship collision risk is assessed by probability model which is similar to method II of Guide Specification and Commentary for Vessel Collision Design of Highway Bridge(AASHTO, 2009). However, several factors used in the applicable code are limited to inland waterways or have many local characteristics. Accordingly, it should be needed judgement of engineer or referred to related criteria, research finding. In this study risk assessment for In-cheon bridge and review of existing substructure's impact risk and resistance capacity are performed using the 2010's ship passage data. And then consideration regarding to presumption and applied instance of factors needed for risk assessment and related research findings are performed on the basis of AASHTO Guide's Method. As a result of study, adequate variable region of factors needed for risk assessment is defined and sensitivity analysis for appropriate region is performed. Consequently, factors that should be applied carefully or needed for direct analysis of local data are confirmed. This research could be fundamental material to risk assessment related to design for sea-crossing bridge taken into account ship collision.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.197-207
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• 2018

Thermal deterioration of fuel due to long-term storage influences engine performance and causes malfunctions. Fuel stability is usually evaluated via heat resistance and thermal stability during a brief heat shock at high temperature; storage stability in this scenario means that there is very little change in the quality of the fuel during long-term storage. In addition, rubber-based products such as oil seals, O-rings, and rubber hoses can influence the quality of the fuel. When these rubber products are in contact with fuel, they can swell, mechanically weaken, and occasionally crack, thus leaking low molar weight rubber and additives including plasticizer and antioxidant into the fuel to degrade its properties and shorten its useful lifetime. This study determines the thermal stabilities of three kinds of synthetic fuels by evaluating their low temperature kinematic viscosities, chemical composition changes via GC analyses, gross heat of combustion, and color changes. We evaluate the compression set of O-rings by immersing one NBR and two FKM rubber O-rings in the three synthetic fuel samples in airtight containers at variable storage temperatures for six months; from this, we estimate the lifetimes of the O-rings using the Power law model. There were very little changes in the chemical compositions and gross heat of combustion after six months of the experiment. The lifetimes are thus dependent on the materials of the rubber products, and in particular, the FKM O-ring was calculated to have a theoretical lifetime of 200 to 5,700 years. These results indicate that the synthetic fuels maintain their physical properties even after long-term storage at high temperatures, and the FKM O-ring is suitable for long-term sealing of these fuels.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.93-97
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• 1981

The new strains of Mycogone perniciosa which could attack cream colored mushroom were collected and tested to find out their characteristics in comparison with the original strains. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth was $25^{\circ}C$, showing no difference between strains, but optimum pH was 6.0 for the original strains and pH 7.0 for the new ones. New strains did not survive at $50^{\circ}C$ for 60 minutes while original ones 40 minutes. Delan and Hamai were effective for controlling new strains and the mushroom strains which have scales showed resistance to the new strains of Mt. perniciosa regardless of the mushroom colors.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.45-59
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• 2000

The present study was conducted to investigate the epidemiological properties of salmonellosis of poultry farms in Kyongbuk province during the relied from November 1998 to November 1999 And antibiotic susceptibility and biochemical characteristics of 120 Salmonella cultures isolated from chicken samples were also investigated. The results obtained through this study were summarized as follows, 1. Among 667,200 chickens of 31 flocks in 17 layer farms and 9 broiler farms, 61,350 chickens of 31 flocks were died with salmonellosis. The death rate of 25 farms varied from 0.1% to 75.0%, and the average death rate was 9.2%. 2. According to etiological agents, fowl typhoid was shown the most predominant outbreak among the salmonellosis during a year, which accounted for 8R.0%(22/25) of the total case 3. The serotypes of 120 Salmonella isolates were identified as 7 strains(5.8%) of S pullorum, 10 strains(8.4%) of S typhimurium and 103 strains(85.8%) of S gallinarum. 4. Most outbreak of fowl typhoid were prevalent on the layer chicken farms(77.1%), and the summer season(45.5%) also appeared the most hazardous season during the year. 5. It seemed that the Hyline breed(70.6%) was the most susceptible among the layer chicken breeds, and followed by Isabrown(23.5%), Tetra(5.9%) in order. 6. In layers, 76.4% of fowl typhoid occurred commonly from 14 to 40 weeks including the early laying peroid, but in broiler farms, all cases was outbreak within first second weeks. 7 All the strains of S pullorum were resistant to lincomycin(Lm), penicillin(Pm), and steptomycin(Sm), but sensitive to amikacin(Ak), ampicillin(Am), cephalothin(Ce), ciprofloxacin (CiP), chloramphenicol(Cm), colistin(Co), enrofloxacin(Enr), furazolidone(Fu), gentamicin(Gm), kanamycin(Km), neomycin(Nm), polymyxin(Po), and teracycline(Tc). All the strains of S typhimurium were resistant to Lm(100%), Pm(100%), Po(90%), and Sm(90%), but were sensitive to Ak, Am, Ce, CiP, Cm, Co, Enr, Fu, Gm, Km, Nm, and Tc. 8. Minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of 103 strains of S gallinarum were also evaluated and their patterns were much more variable than others. All the strains of S gallinarum were sensitive to Ak, Am, Ce, Cip, Cm, Enr, Fu, Km, and Nm, but resistant to Lm(100%), and Sm(100%), 99(96.1%) to Co, 83(80.6%) to Pm, and 83(80.6%) to Po, 55(53.4%) to Gm, and 33(32.0%) to Tc. 9. The multiple drug resistance patterns of 120 Salmonella strains were CoLmPmPo Sm pattern(34.2%), CoGmLmPmPoSmTc(20.8%), CoGmLmPmPoSm(13.3%), CoGmLmSm(7.5%), LmPmSm(7.5%), LmPm(6.7%), CoLmSmTc(3.3%),, CoGmLmSmTc(1.7%), GmLmSmTc(1.7%), CoGmLmPoSm(0.1%), LmPmPo(0.1%), CoLm Sm(0.1%), and LmSm(0.1%), in order.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.141-148
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• 2000

For the construction of 4.8km long Multi-Purpose Jamuna Bridge in Bangladesh, 2 or 3 large diameter open-ended steel pipe piles were used for the foundation of piers. A total of 123 piles were driven for 50 piers and 2 test piles from the river bed through the normally-consolidated upper sand layer and rested n top of gravel layer. Two types of piles, having 3.15 or 2.50m diameter and variable wall thickness in the range of 40 to 60mm, were driven to the depths of 69 to 74m with the rake of 6:1 by connecting 2 or 3 pieces of short piles. Dynamic pile tests were performed on 24 selected piles during pile driving and soil plug length inside the pile was also measured after driving of each short section.These piles were plugged with soil to, though slightly affected by pile diameters, about 75% of total length of pile driven. Active plug at the tip of pile contributed substantial amount of inner skin friction to the total capacity. Piles soon after driving showed a skin-friction dominant pile behaviour, tat is, 90% of total capacity being developed by skin resistance. Quakes values and Smith damping factors were almost constant regardless of pile diameters. This result reflects the influence of uniform soil condition at the site.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.600-605
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• 2005

Background : Primary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is defined as Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates that are resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin in never-been-treated tuberculosis patients, and this malady is caused by the transmission of a resistant strain from one patient, who is infected with a resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain, to another patient. The prevalence of primary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis could be a good indicator of the performance of tuberculosis control programs in recent years. We conducted a case-control study to identify the risk factors for primary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Methods : From January 1, 2001 to, June 30, 2003, by conducting prospective laboratory-based surveillance, we identified 29 hospitalized patients with P-MDRTB and these patients constituted a case group in this study. The controls were represented by all the patients with culture-confirmed drug susceptible tuberculosis who were admitted to National Masan Hospital during the same study period. The odds ratios for the patients with primary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, as compared with those of the patients with drug susceptible tuberculosis, were calculated for each categorical variable with 95% confidence intervals. Results : Multivariate logistic regression showed that the presence of diabetes mellitus (odds ratio 2.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-6.86) was independently associated with having primary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Conclusion : This study has shown that diabetes mellitus might be one of the risk factors for primary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1603-1609
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• 2014

Background: The response to treatment and overall survival (OS) of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is variable, with a median ranging from 6 months to 11.5 years. TP53 is associated with old age, chemotherapy resistance, and worse OS. Using genetic sequencing, we set out to look at our own experience with AML, and hypothesized that both TP53 mutations and SNPs at codon 72 would mimic the literature by occurring in a minority of patients, and conferring a worse OS. Materials and Methods: We performed a pilot study of randomly selected, newly diagnosed AML patients at Mount Sinai Medical Center, diagnosed from 2005-2008 (n=10). TP53 PCR sequencing was performed using DNA from bone marrow smears. Analysis was accomplished using Mutation Surveyor software with confirmation of the variants using the COSMIC and dbSNP databases. Results: Fewer than half of the patients harbored TP53 mutations (40%). There was no significant difference in OS based on gender, AML history, risk-stratified karyotype, or TP53 mutation. There were possible trends toward improved survival among patients less than 60 (11 vs 4 months, p=0.09), Hispanics (8 vs 1 months, p=0.11), and those not harboring SNP P72R (8 vs 2 months, p=0.10). There was a significant improvement in survival among patients with better performance status (28 vs 4 months, p=0.01) and those who did not have a complex karyotype (8 vs 1 months, p=0.03). The most commonly observed TP53 mutation was a missense N310K (40%) and the most commonly observed SNP was P72R (100.0%). Conclusions: Our study confirms previous reports that poor PS and the presence of a complex karyotype are associated with a decreased OS. In our cohort, TP53 mutations were relatively common, occurring more frequently in male patients with an adverse karyotype. Although there was no significant difference in survival between TP53 mutated and un-mutated patients, there was a possible trend toward worse OS among patients with SNP P72R. Larger studies are needed to validate these findings.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.217-223
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• 2017

This research was planned to evaluate the structural performance of post tensioned(PT) concrete member subjected to fire. Prime objective was to suggest some techniques to evaluate the performance of post tensioned concrete beam and slab exposed to high temperature through experiment. To accomplish this objective, the following two scopes have been proceeded to verify the strength reducing ratio of strands and find out the difference of resisting force at the PT concrete members exposed to high temperature through the fire test. The properties of prestressing steel(tendon) in PT concrete beam and slab under variable temperatures were reviewed. The test of this study was shown that stress relaxation occurred at high temperature, and some restoration of tensional force appeared as it got cooling down. The residual tension of the post tensioned beams at 4 hours after reaching the target temperature were 70% at $400^{\circ}C$, 10% at $600^{\circ}C$ and 2% at $800^{\circ}C$. The post tensioned slabs were 94% at $400^{\circ}C$, 84.5% at $600^{\circ}C$ and 62% at $800^{\circ}C$. The reason why the residual tension loss of the post tensioned slab was relatively small was considered to be that the slab was exposed just one side to high temperature and the strength of the strand was restored larger than that of beam. Also, it was confirmed that the post tensioned member inevitably experienced the loss of strength by fire damage, and restoration design of the member should be required to compensate for the value as much as lost strength.