• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.106-110
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• 2002

4S-Van is being developed in order to provide the spatial data rapidly and accurately. 4S-Van technique is a system for spatial data construction that is heart of 4S technique. Architecture of 4S-Van system consists of hardware integration part and post-processing part. Hardware part has GPS, INS, color CCD, camera, B/W CCD camera, infrared rays camera, and laser. Software part has GPS/INS integration algorithm, coordinate conversion, lens correction, camera orientation correction, and three dimension position production. In this paper, we suggest that adequate 4S-Van design is needed according to application environment from various test results.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.150-159
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• 2008

Lots of EDI-VAN companies are in need of transforming their business transaction systems into Web-based e-Business frameworks because of high cost and closed structure of EDI systems. This research proposes several e-Transformation strategies for EDI-VAN companies to adopt Web-based e-Business frameworks such as ebXML and RosettaNet. Four transformation alternatives are presented and transformation procedure for a medium-sized company is described. The result of this work can be used as a practical guideline for EDI companies to develop their own transformation strategy suitable to its scale and capability, while minimizing the impacts on the pre-existing business processes and information systems.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2013

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have emerged as important healthcare-associated infection since last two decades. ChromID VRE agar (cIDVA) is useful for VRE rectal swab screening. We investigated all VRE were isolated on the cIDVA. A total of 363 rectal swabs of 85 patients to test VRE screening were inoculated into bile-esculin (B-E) broth with $6{\mu}g/mL$ vancomycin. After 24 hours incubation, we subcultured B-E broths were changed to black onto cIDVA. All isolates were identified by the MICROSCAN and VITEK2. The vanA gene and vancomycin minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) were detected by PCR and E-test respectively. 277 E. faecium (84.7%), 16 E. faecalis (4.9%), 25 E. avium (7.6%), 8 E. gallinarum (2.4%) and 1 E. raffinosus (0.3%) were isolated. 10.3% of VRE detected on cIDVA were other than E. faecium and E. faecalis that presented various color from colorless to pale violet. All isolates contained vanA and vancomycin MIC were > $256{\mu}g/mL$. VRE isolates other than E. faecium and E. faecalis should be objective to the contact precautions for healthcare-associated infection control if they possess vanA gene. Due to emerging enterococci carrying vanA such as E. avium, E. gallinarum, and E. raffinosus, VRE surveillance should be expanded to all isolates on chromogenic agar.

• Water for future
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.107-113
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• 1994

The analysis of Richards eq. requires data of the soil water retention function and the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. The soil water retention function was measured through the use of the developed apparatus and the saturated hydraulic conductivity was measured by the constant head method for each soil sample corresponding to the A, B, C types of SCS. In order to obtain one water retention function and one unsaturated hydraulic conductivity which represent each soil group, van Genuchten's eq. and Mualem's pore-structure model was chosen respectively. Parameters of van Genuchten's eq. are estimated for each soil group using data obtained in the experiments, and estimated values give a basis to analyze the unsaturated flow in the non-measured region efficiently.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.201-208
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• 2000

The vancomycin, one of the family of glycopeptide antibiotics, inhibits the synthesis of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan and has been widely used against gram-positive bacterial infections, especially for a treatment of methicillin resistant S. aureus infection. However, clinical isolate which was intermediately resistant to vancomycin (Mu50: MIC 8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) was isolated in recent years. In this study we performed vancomycin susceptibility test with the increment method and population analysis with clinical isolates S. aureus. Also we did several kinds of tests with three selected isolates (s129: MIC 7 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, s134: MIC 7 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, s135: MIC 8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) to find out possible mechanism of vancomycin resistance. As a result, the prevalence of vancomycin resistant S. aureus isolates among S. aureus strains resistant to methicillin was 23.3% (25/107). The vancomycin resistances of isolated strains of S. aureus were between those of Mu5O and Mu3 strains. By PCR analysis, none of the isolates with decreased vancomycin susceptibility contained known vancomycin resistant genes such as vanA, vanB, vanC1, vanC2, and vanH. Major bands of 81 kDa, 58 kDa, 33 kDa, 28 kDa were demonstrable in whole cell lysates by SDS-PAGE from all three isolates as well as reference strains. And especially,45 kDa protein was overproduced in Mu50 strains. Among them increased production of NAD$^{+}$-linked-$_{D}$-lactate dehydrogenase (dnLDH) were detected from one clinical strain (s135) and Mu5O strain. From these data, we suggest that the mechanism of vancomycin resistance in these isolates are distinct from that in enterococci.

• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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• 2002.05c
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• pp.124-127
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• 2002

EDI를 사용한 전자문서 처리는 두 기업간의 데이터를 전달하기 위해 VAN을 이용하여 데이터를 전달했으나 VAN의 폐쇄성으로 인해 확장에 문제가 제시되었다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 다양한 문서구조 표현이 가능한 XML (eXtensible Markup Language)을 활용한 EDI 서비스 환경으로 옮겨가고 있다. 본 논문에서는 JDBC 브리지를 사용하여 두 관계형 데이터베이스에 존재하는 EDI 메시지를 브러커시스템를 이용한 XML 변환기법을 제안한다. 변환된 XML을 사용하여 스키마를 그대로 복구하는 동시에 정의된 테이블에 원래 레코드들을 그대로 삽입하는 방법을 제시하면서, 반드시 동일한 데이터베이스 관리시스템을 사용해야 한다는 전제조건을 필요했던 기존방식을 탈피했으며 외부로 전달할 경우 환경에 따라 제대로 동작하지 않을 가능성이 높았던 제한점을 극복했다.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.124-132
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the photosensitizer photogem with light-emitting diode (LED) on vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). Two VRE strains isolated from the feces of patients. that was identificated Enterococcus faecium (vanA) and Enterococcus gallinarum (vanC1) using traditional biochemical tests and confirmed VRE genotyping from using polymerase chain reaction. In addition, three strains were used Enterococcus. faecalis CDC-286 (vanA), E. faecalis CDC-583 (vanB) and E. gallinarum CDC-42 (vanC1). To examine the antimicrobial effect of photogem mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) against, CFU quantification and Disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility test were evaluated. The effects of Photodynamic therapy was not associated with genotype. Photogem mediated PDT perfectly inhibited the colony formation of E. faecalis CDC-286. The number of viable bacteria decreased greatly after PDT application with photogem $50{\mu}g/mL$ and energy density of $15J/cm^2$. The diameter of inhibition zone was increased to after PDT more than before PDT. The case of vancomycin disc on E. faecalis CDC-583 and E. galinanum-Patient were changed from resistant to intermediate resistant, from intermediate resistant to susceptable. These results demonstrate that lethal photosensitization of VRE can be achieved using photogem plus 630 nm LED irradiation.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.222-230
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate water quality in terms of microorganisms and identify the antibiotic resistance of Enterococci isolated from the recycling water in floor fountains at three parks and one reservoir in the Gwangju area. Methods: Water samples were analyzed for Enterococci using membrane Enterococcus indoxyl ${\beta}$ d glucoside agar (mEI) as described in USEPA Method 1600. The vancomycin-resistant Enterococci with VanA and VanB were identified by PCR. An examination of the antibiotic resistance of isolates against 14 antibiotics was performed by the disk diffusion method. Results: The drinking water quality criterion was exceeded for total colony counts in 68% of all recycling water samples. The average concentration of total califorms and fecal coliforms was 139,325 and 413 CFU/100 mL, respectively. VanA and VanB were not detected from the isolates. We found the antibiotic resistant Enterococci strains to be E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. durans, E. mundtii, E. hirae, and E. thailandicus. The isolates were resistant to Rifampin (50%), Erythromycin (25.8%), Tetracycline (10.2%), Nitrofurantoin (8.1%), Minocycline (3.1%), Erythromycin (1.2%), Penicillin (0.7%), Norfloxacin (0.5%), and Teicoplanin (0.5%) among the 14 antibiotics tested. Antibiotic resistance tests for Enterococci from the recycling water of floor fountains resulted in 30.2% showing resistance to two or more antibiotics. Conclusions: These results showed that the multi-antibiotic resistance of Enterococci, E. coli, and others should be investigated continuously in each environment field.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.706-708
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• 2003

A new 24-nor-lupaneglycoside was isolated from the leaves of Acanthopanax trifoliatus. Based on spectroscopic data its chemical structure was determined as 24-nor-11$\alpha$-hydroxy-3-oxo-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid 28-Ο-$\alpha$-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1$\rightarrow4)-\beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1\rightarrow6)-\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl ester.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.861-871
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• 2016

The Groningen gas field shows exponential growth in earthquake event counts around a magnitude M1 with a doubling time of 6-9 years since 2001. This behavior is identified with dimensionless curvature in land subsidence, which has been evolving at a constant rate over the last few decades essentially uncorrelated to gas production. We demonstrate our mechanism by a tabletop crack formation experiment. The observed skewed distribution of event magnitudes is matched by that of maxima of event clusters with a normal distribution. It predicts about one event < M5 per day in 2025, pointing to increasing stress to human living conditions.