• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.517-536
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• 2013

The purpose of this research was to examine the trend of women consumption value and attitude on luxury goods and to analyse the relations between the behavior of purchasing luxury goods and satisfaction of consumers who buy luxury items. A total of 548 questionnaires were obtained in July and August 2011 from female respondents in their 20s to 40s who have bought at least one luxury item in the last 3 years. Collected data was analysed with factor analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan's test, and multiple regression in SPSS. The research results are summarized as follows: First, household income and personal expenditure were main factors in determining substantial differences in attitudes towards luxury goods and counterfeits. Second, the difference in frequency of buying luxury items was decided by household income, and expenditure and purchase cost, which varied based on age, education, occupation, household income, and expenditure. Third, both the younger consumers with more household income and expenditure and consumers with positive attitude towards luxury items but negative attitude towards the counterfeits purchased the luxury goods more frequently than those who are older with less incomes and expenditures. Fourth, consumers with more incomes and expenditures along with negative attitude towards the counterfeits spent more money on the luxury items. Consumers with less personal ostentation but with great pleasure consumption value for luxury goods spent more money on luxury goods. Fifth, the satisfactions of purchasing luxury goods were influenced by following variables such as positive attitudes toward luxury goods, ostentation, enjoyment and quality in consumption value.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.8
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• pp.110-122
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• 2009

The objective of this study is to suggest a direction eco-friendly material based fashion products may pursue in the 21 st century in order to protect our environment. This is done by considering the knowledge of the products by housewives, the main consuming players in a household. 398 copies of the survey were collected amongst Korean and Japanese housewives in the 30s and 40s aged group sample and analysed using SPSS 12.0 statistic program. The analysis results are as follows. First, base material was highly knew by Koreans in contradiction with Japanese who were highly knowing the disposal process in regard to eco-friendly fashion products. Second, a higher ratio of Koreans tended to purchase the product with consideration of health issues, however quality of the material was considered more by Japanese buyers. Finally, the result showed that eco-friendly products buyers from both countries had more willingness to purchase eco-friendly material based fashion products than non-buyers in the future. Korean housewives showed more interest in environment, benefit to health and value from eco-friendly material based fashion products than Japanese. Koreans had a better understanding of information and knowledge of the product, as well as higher future purchase intention however, Koreans considered less durability, design and variety of products.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.59-71
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• 2019

This study was conducted to prioritize land purchase in Hwapocheon wetland protection area by reflecting the conservation value of wetlands considering HSI(Habitat Suitability Index) for flagship species. As a result of this study, the flagship species, Oriental White Stork and Been Goose, which can represent the Hwapocheon wetland protection area, were selected through selection criteria and expert feedback. Based on the habitat requirements of the selected flagship species, SI(Suitability Index) for the flagship species was reviewed and the conservation value of wetlands was assessed. The conservation value of the wetlands was divided into five grades from very high to very low. The areas with high conservation value were mainly distributed around wetlands and waters in upstream and downstream of Hwapocheon wetland protection area. The land purchase priorities were divided into five grades by overlapping the thematic maps of the conservation value of wetlands, the economics, and the urgency of restoration. The arable lands which can disrupt wetland ecosystems are analyzed as priority areas where priority purchasing is required. Relatively well-preserved wetlands and areas have low land purchase priorities. This study is meaningful in that biodiversity is considered in land purchase priorities.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers B
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• v.51 no.7
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• pp.357-363
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• 2002

The target reliability values are defined for the train, signaling, rail track and electric power supply system of the LRT under development. The allocation of the reliability value is based on the failure rate and the failure type in the Korean subways. The reliability allocation in the train system is the made ore detail than others. The purpose of the allocation is to verify the reliability value of the results from each of the development stage, which could be the designing, manufacturing and purchasing work. The reliability of braking system, traction system, door system and other control system could be verified by establishing reliability models of these system. It could also enable us to estimate and analyse the reliability value and redo the work if necessary to achieve the shooting reliability value. A guide to the LRT reliability criteria is to be prepared after running test on the test track.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.45-55
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• 2023

This paper calls attention to the central problem of the influence of identifying the determinants of airport duty-free store customers perceived innovativeness, pursuit benefits and value-congruency on the behavioral intention. The data is completed with 307 adults with purchasing experience of airport duty-free store O2O integration service which brings sufficient convenience to consumers. The content analysis results show that the influence factors of innovation characteristics, consumer pursuit benefits and value-congruency affect the behavioral intention in various aspects. The result suggests that we should upgrade the innovate functionality and improve the service quality based on consumer needs. Finally, this study discusses implications for theory and practice, indicates limitations, and concludes with some suggestions for future research.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.31-43
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• 2021

Purpose: This study investigated how consumption values influence consumers' purchasing decisions regarding environmentally friendly products. Based on the Consumption Values Theory, six dimensions of consumption values were defined: functional value-quality, functional value-price, emotional value, social value, conditional value, and epistemic value. In particular, the current study analyzed the differential impact of the environmentally friendly consumption values between two consumer groups - users and nonusers. By doing so, more effective marketing strategies can be applied to the target groups. Research design, data, and methodology: The online survey was conducted through Macromill Embrain in Korea to collect data from users vs. nonusers of environmentally friendly products. There were 215 usable responses in the users sample and 225 responses in the nonusers sample. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed by using AMOS 18.0. Results: The results revealed that four dimensions of consumption values, i.e., functional value-price, emotional value, conditional value, and epistemic value, positively influenced the users, while functional value-price and epistemic value positively influenced purchase intention toward environmentally friendly products among the nonusers. Conclusions: These results have important implications for applying effective marketing strategies for target consumers. Theoretical and practical implications are also discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.87-103
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze the food-related lifestyle choices of female baby boomers and to investigate variables regarding home meal replacement (HMR) buying behaviors and future needs. This study was conducted on 358 female baby boomers 53 years of age living in Gyeonggi and near Seoul. Out of 420 distributed questionnaires, 358 were returned and used for analysis (response rate: 85.2%). As a result of cluster analysis, three groups were identified based on the food-related lifestyles : a value-seeking group, a convenience-seeking group, and a health-seeking group. Among the three groups, there were significant differences in two socio-demographic characteristics, education level (p<0.05) and regular exercise (p<0.01), and in several health- and food-related habits, type of breakfast (p<0.01), type of dinner (p<0.05), dinner details (p<0.05), frequency of eating out (p<0.05), and eating habits score (p<0.01). The health-seeking group was significantly more likely to purchase ready to cook (RTC) items (59.1%) than were the other groups (p<0.001). However, the ratio of HMR purchasing for the purpose of meal replacement (p<0.05) and an HMR purchasing frequency of more than twice a week (p<0.001) were significantly lower in the health-seeking group. Reasons for selecting HMR showed a similar tendency among groups in taste (26.2%), convenience (18.7%), price (16.9%), safety (15.3%) and type of food (14.3%). However, the satisfaction scores for hygiene and safety reported by the health-seeking group were significantly lower than those reported by the other groups. More than two-thirds of all respondents were willing to purchase HMR in the future, though there were significant differences according to group: convenience-seeking group, 73.1%, health-seeking group, 70.1%, and value-seeking group, 65.7% (p<0.05). Our results suggest that the number of baby boomers purchasing HMR products will continue to grow and baby boomers will want HMR products to be more healthy (52.0%), safe (28.5%) and delicious (13.4%). An emphasis on taste was high in the convenience-seeking group, whereas an emphasis on health was high in the health-seeking and value-seeking groups. In conclusion, this study shows various food-related lifestyles amongst female baby boomers and illustrates the need to develop HMR marketing strategies targeted to these different lifestyles.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.69-77
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• 2015

Purpose - Economic status at an early stage of life after one's retirement is often determined by the long-term sacrifice of one's earlier consumption tendencies. In general, the first and foremost way to secure income after retirement is through annuity savings. People sign up for personal annuity savings in order to guarantee a stable economic life upon retirement, and such actions may be heavily influenced by self-efficacy. Confidence in current economic activity is a source of rational decision-making. Inability to achieve self-control can lead to reckless spending and the eventual hindering of proper investment for the future. This paper examines how self-efficacy and self-control affect the intention and action of enrolling in an annuity savings plan in relation to one's level of financial literacy. Research design, data, and methodology - To analyze the proposed model, this study investigates financial consumers over the age of 20. The data were collected from 511 respondents and analyzed with SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0. First, for the one-dimensional test and to measure the convergent validity of each structure, we use the scale purification process. The results of the test and the confirmatory factor analysis ensure the focus of the validity of the single dimension for each structure. In addition, the validity of the measurement was guaranteed from the results of correlation analysis. Results - First, self-efficacy and self-control have positive effects on the purchasing intention of the personal annuity savings plan. Second, purchasing intention positively affects purchasing behavior. Lastly, self-control has a positive effect on purchasing intention among the low financial literacy group, whereas self-efficacy does not have this effect in the high financial literacy one. Conclusions - The time of product benefit is different with age. The younger group would be granted the savings after several decades once they enroll, whereas the older group would wait for a relatively shorter period of time. Therefore, further research should be conducted in order to verify such a difference. However, this study has value through its confirmation that the roles of self-efficacy and self-control play a part in leading to the enrollment in annuity savings plans and by verifying different effects based on levels of financial literacy. Such results suggest a number of implications in a real life setting. First, banks need to put greater emphasis on the stability of annuity savings in general. Second, customers with relatively low levels of financial literacy are able to control their finances through annuity savings, but find self-efficacy difficult due to a lack of financial understanding. Therefore, such customers should be approached from an invest-effectiveness comparison method. Third, customers with high financial literacy tend to put more value in rational economic decision-making and behavior than in self-efficacy. Therefore, such customers should be approached by promoting the reliability of annuity savings and the excellence of the specific bank's annuity savings plan in comparison to those of other financial institutions.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.35-50
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to uncover the mechanism of how initial fees are determined in the restaurant franchise business. Since the initial fees can be considered as a price of utilizing business models and operational knowledge of a certain franchise brand, it is critical to understand the fee decision-making process based on the strategic pricing theories. Therefore, this study investigates the influence of operational value on the determination of initial franchise fees grounded on a value-based pricing strategy. The Operational value is specifically categorized into profitability, growth, and stability of the franchise system. Research design, data, and methodology: The data used were collected through franchise disclosure documents and brand equity index provided by Korea Management Association Consulting. Data from 44 franchise restaurants during 2018 to 2021 are included in the sample. The panel dataset was analyzed by using generalized least squares estimation with R-Studio. Results: Profitability and stability positively influence initial franchise fees. However, growth did not influence initial franchise fees. Conclusions: The results of the study demonstrate that the operational value plays a critical role in determining the franchise fees. Specifically, franchisees recognize how much revenue a franchise system generates for them (i.e., profitability) and how stable the entire system is for operating business (i.e., stability) when they make purchasing decisions for franchise. The findings extend the pricing literature by applying pricing theories in the franchise fee context. Also, the study contributes to franchising and restaurant management literature by providing knowledge of how franchise fees are determined.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.1-14
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to define the purchase behavior of online luxury fashion brand consumers that soon became new luxury consumption trends. To investigate online luxury fashion brand consumer's purchase behavior, three variables were suggested based on advanced researches. These variables include economic value, item variety and pleasure. Purchasing luxury online was not common but as cross-border online shopping market became popular, consumers began to purchase luxury items through online shopping platforms. Preliminary surveys was conducted on 20~40-year-old consumers who have experience in online shopping for luxurious items. Total 238 questionnaires were used for analysis. By using SPSS, frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis, t-test and ANOVA were conducted. The results of the study were as follow; first, consumer's purchase behavior appeared to be influenced by the order of pleasure of shopping, economic value and item variety. Repurchase intention appeared to be affected by the order of economic value, item variety, and pleasure of shopping. Second, online luxury fashion consumers perceived that risk does not affect purchase intention and repurchase intention. Third, as purchase intention increases, repurchase intention also increases. Fourth, shopping value, age and channel risk also indicated meaningful differences. As an early study of luxury fashion brand products purchased directly online, the academic significance can facilitate an overall understanding of consumer behavior such as usage motive, risk perception, behavioral intention.