• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.409-414
• /
• 2011

This study was conducted to find out an alternative way of rapid and accurate analysis of forage quality. Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to evaluate the possibility of forage analysis. 175 samples consisted of Italian ryegrass, whole crop barley and pea seeded spring in 2009 were collected. The samples were analyzed for moisture, crude protein (CP), crude ash (CA), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and also scanned using NIRSystem with wavelength from 400~2,500 nm. Multiple linear regression was used with wet analysis data for developing the calibration model and validated unknown samples. The important index in this experiment were SEC, SEP. The r2 value for moisture, CP, CA, ADF, and NDF in calibration set was 0.65, 0.97, 0.93, 0.99, and 0.97 and also was 0.15, 0.94, 0.96, 0.98 and 0.98 in validation set, respectively. The results of this experiment indicates that NIRS was reliable analytical method to assess forage quality for CP, CA ADF and NDF except moisture content in forage when proper samples incorporated into the equation development.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.253-257
• /
• 2013

Geology, hydrogeology, and geochemistry are the main technical siting factors of a geological repository for spent nuclear fuels. This paper evaluated the siting criteria of overseas geological repository with related to hydrogeologic properties, such as hydraulic conductivity, partitioning coefficient, dispersion coefficient, boundary condition, and water age. Each country establishes the siting criteria based on its important geological backgrounds and information, and social environment. For example, Sweden and Finland that have decided a crystalline rock as a host rock of a geological repository show different siting criteria for hydraulic conductivity. In Sweden, it is preferable to avoid area where the hydraulic conductivity on a deposition hole scale (~30m) exceeds $10^{-8}m/s$, whereas Finland does not decide any criterion for the hydraulic conductivity because of limited data for it. In addition, partitioning coefficients should be less than 10-1 of average value in Swedish crystalline bedrock. However, the area where shows 100 times less than average partitioning coefficients of radionuclides in crystalline rock should be avoided in Sweden. In German, the partitioning coefficients for the majority of the long-term-relevant radionuclides should be greater than or equal to $0.001m^3/kg$. Therefore, it is strongly required to collect much and exact information for the hydrogeologic properties in order to set up the siting criteria.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.207-212
• /
• 2013

Since the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident in March 2011, critical views on the increase in operation of nuclear power plants including the safety and the economic feasibility thereof have been expanding across the world. In these circumstances, we are to find out solutions to the controversial questions on whether nuclear power plants are economically more feasible than other energy sources, while the safety thereof is fully maintained. Thereby, nuclear power plants will play a key role as a sustainable energy source in the future as well as at present. To measure the social safety level that Korean people are actually feeling after the Fukushima accident, a method of cost-benefit analysis called the Contingent Valuation Method(CVM) was used, whereby we wanted to estimate the amount of expenses the general public would be willing to pay for the safety based on their acceptance rather than the social safety. As a result of calculating the trade-off value of the economic feasibility versus the safety in nuclear power plants through the survey thereon, it caused the nuclear power generation cost to be increased by 4.75 won/kWh. Reflecting this on the current power generation cost of 39.11 won/kWh would increase the cost to 43.86 won/kWh. It is thought that this potential cost is still more competitive than the coal-fired power generation cost of 67 won/kWh. This result will be available as a basic data for the 2nd Energy Basic Plan to be drawn up this year, presenting policy implications at the same time.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.89-93
• /
• 2009

Purpose: To purpose of this study was the pure-tone audimetry changes to compare pre and post fogging after visual correction in normally hearing adults. Methods: The estimated that no ocular and audiolar disesases, we selected (male: 30, female: 20) in corrected visual acuity over the 1.0 eye. Pre and post fogging were measured using the pure-tone audimetry. Results: To compared fre and post fogging, fre fogging was higher than fre fogging. The take value were just about every kind of Hz but 200 Hz, respectively which were statistically significant (p<.05). Low Hz area in 250 and 500 Hz were 6.8${\pm}$8.4dBHL, 4.3${\pm}$6.6dBHL, there is not all the difference between any other area, 2000 Hz in the middle Hz area was 0.8${\pm}$4.5dBHL. Conclusions: The study presents different results of measurements in within normal limits. we thought that pure-tone thresholds to the pre and post fogging after refractive correction in normal adults and would be used basic data.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.12 no.11
• /
• pp.4914-4923
• /
• 2011

This study aims to investigate the factors influencing job satisfaction to job stress of physician assistant(PA) nurses. This research design was a descriptive study. The subjects in this study were 104 PA nurses. Data were collected from September 1, 2010 to January 10, 2011, and analyzed by SPSS PASW statistics 18.0 program. The mean score of men on the job stress was 43.47(${\pm}13.77$), The mean score of women was 45.07(${\pm}9.78$). The mean score of job satisfaction was 2.72(${\pm}0.30$). There was no statistical difference between general characteristics and job satisfaction. There were statistical difference between unmarried subjects and organizing system(p<.05), inadequate compensation(p<.01). In the results of multivariate regression analysis, adjusted $R^2$ value was 0.567. The model fit was 56.7%. Job satisfaction was low in the insufficient job control and inadequate organizing system. It is hospital policies for the reduction of job stress(particularly, insufficient job control, and organizing system stress).

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.109-114
• /
• 2012

Honeycombs are dense structures that small cysts, which generally have about 2~10 mm in diameter, are surrounded by the wall of fibrosis. When honeycomb is found in the patients, the incidence of acute exacerbation is generally very high. Thus, the observation and quantitative measurement of honeycomb are considered as a significant marker for clinical diagnosis. In this point of view, we propose an automatic segmentation method using morphological image processing and assessment of the degree of clustering techniques. Firstly, image noises were removed by the Gaussian filtering and then a morphological dilation method was applied to segment lung regions. Secondly, honeycomb cyst candidates were detected through the 8-neighborhood pixel exploration, and then non-cyst regions were removed using the region growing method and wall pattern testing. Lastly, final honeycomb regions were segmented through the extraction of dense regions which are consisted of two or more cysts using cluster analysis. The proposed method applied to 80 High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) images and achieved a sensitivity of 89.4% and PPV (Positive Predictive Value) of 72.2%.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.145-154
• /
• 2009

High spatial resolution satellite image classification has a limitation when only using the spectral information due to the complex spatial arrangement of features and spectral heterogeneity within each class. Therefore, the extraction of the spatial information is one of the most important steps in high resolution satellite image classification. This study proposes a new spatial feature extraction method, named SSI(Shape-Size Index). SSI uses a simple region-growing based image segmentation and allocates spatial property value in each segment. The extracted feature is integrated with spectral bands to improve overall classification accuracy. The classification is achieved by applying a SVM(Support Vector Machines) classifier. In order to evaluate the proposed feature extraction method, KOMPSAT-2 and QuickBird-2 data are used for experiments. It is demonstrated that proposed SSI algorithm leads to a notable increase in classification accuracy.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.5-29
• /
• 2012

The present study was to explore what makes adolescents think of themselves as troublemakers even without conduct problems. It was expected that the failure to attain socio-developmental milestones(e.g., healthy relationships with others, academic achievement) would lead to form trait aspect of deviant self-concept. A latent state-trait autoregressive modeling was used to analyze five annual waves of data from 3,449 adolescents taken from the Korean Youth Panel Study. We decomposed trait and state aspect of deviant self-concept and identified significant predictors of trait-like deviant self-concept, while additionally testing for gender differences. Our results showed that conduct problems had greater effect on deviant self-concept among girls compared with boys. Conduct problem was most predictive of deviant self-concept, and yet both poor peer-relations and school failures predisposed adolescents to have deviant self-concept. Low academic achievement conferred risk for trait aspects of deviant self-concept with no gender difference, whereas poor peer relation was more predictive among girls. It highlights the cultural value system underlying self-concept and how and why adolescents think of themselves as troublemakers.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.141-154
• /
• 1984

An analysis is presented of key phenomena and scenario which imply some general trends for beyond design-basis-accident in Kori-1 PWR dry containment. The study covers a wide range of severe accident sequences initiated by small break LOCA. The MARCH computer code, with KAERI modifications was used in this analysis. The major emphasis of the paper are two folds, 1) the phenomenologic understanding of severe accident and 2) a study of H2 combustion and debris/ water interactions in a specific small break LOCA for Kori-1 plant. The sensitivity studies for the specific plant data and thermal interaction modelings used in the SASA were performed. The results show that if hydrogen burning does occur at low concentration, the resulting peak pressure does not exceed the design value, while the lower concentration assumption results in repeated burning due to the continuing H$_2$ generation. For debris/water interaction, the particle size has no effect on the magnitude of peak pressure for the amount of water assumed to be in the reactor cavity. But, the occurrence of peak pressure is considerably delayed in case of using the dryout correlation. The peak containment pressure predicted from the hydrogen combustion and steam pressure spite during full core meltdown scenario does not present a severe threat to the containment integrity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.173-179
• /
• 2021

Scattered x-ray generated by digital radiography systems also have the advantage of increasing signals, but ultimately detectability is reduced by decreasing resolution and increasing noise of x-ray images transmitted objects. An indirect method of measuring scattered x-ray in a modulation-transfer function (MTF) for evaluating resolution in a spatial-frequency domain can be considered as a drop in the MTF value corresponding to zero-frequency. In this study, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was used as a patient tissue equivalent, and MTFs were obtained for various thicknesses to quantify the effect of scattered x-ray on resolution. X-ray image signals were observed to decrease by 35 ~ 83% with PMMA thickness increasing, which is determined by the absorption or scattering of x-rays in PMMA, resulting in reduced MTF and increased scatter fraction. The method to compensate for MTF degradation by PMMA resulted in the MTF inflation without considering the optical spreading generated by the indirect-conversion type detector. Data fitting or zero-padding are needed to compensate for MTF more reasonably on edge-spread function or line-spread function.