• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2013

With the increase in the application of CLSM using coal ash, we performed a basic research on CLSM material, laying focus on the correlation between compressive strength and unit weight of lightweight foamed CLSM. The unconfined compression strength is a criterion for the judgment of the possibility of re-excavation and an important factor determining the economy, efficiency, and excavation character. However, to know the quantitative compression strength value takes a certain amount of time, because the applicability of unconfined compression strength of CLSM is judged by the standard of 28days. Therefore, in this study the relation between compressive strength and unit weight (foam slurry unit weight, apparent unit weight) is analyzed focusing on lightweight foamed CLSM. We also suggested a formula which can easily predict the 28-day compressive strength only using unit weight value without the need to cure the slurry for 28 days.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.71-78
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• 2009

This study analyzed the observation characteristics on space by analyzing through the visual perception experiment to the image dates from the original space and the rotated space of it. The results of this study are as fellow as: First, most frequently observed points were, lower end mainly from the center was more observed in the original space while upper end mainly from the center was more observed in the rotated space. Therefore, it is able for us to learn whether the space has the same design, the length of time focusing on one point differentiates as the image rotates. Second, differentiation in observation part, as shown in the case study, can be seen as a consequence of changes in perspective composition. The test indicates that when a design is presented to an observer, the observer's examining point would vary according to where the indoor perspective drawing places a vanishing point. Third, in zones I and II, observation was focused on lower end in the original picture while on the rotated picture there were more focus on the upper end and perpendicularity view of the indoor. Fourth, this study analyzed the mean value of the observation part. As one method wants to see how to change the observation characteristics by rotating the original space, few deviation from the mean value will be interpret to have similar observation characteristics over all even if it has the differences of watching place by rotated space.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.129-138
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• 2005

This paper presents a methodology for the determination of optimal managing criteria for cable tension force in cable-stayed bridges using acceleration data acquired by monitoring system. There are many long span bridges installed with monitoring system in Korea. The monitoring systems are installed to diagnose abnormal behavior or damages in bridges and to warn these to bridge management agency. In cable-stayed bridges, the cable tension force could be an important indicator of abnormal behavior because of the geometric configuration of the cable-stayed bridge. If the management value of cable tension force is set too high or too low, then the monitoring system could not warn properly for the abnormal behavior of a bridge. Generally, the management value is set by empirical or engineering judgment, but in this paper, a new methodology for the determination of managing criteria for cable tension force is proposed based on the probability distribution model for tension force and reliability analysis. The proposed methodology is applied to a real concrete cable-stayed bridge in order to investigate its applicability.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.207-224
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to review the various valuation techniques of intangible assets. The value of intangible asset by the income approach can be measured as the present value of the economic benefit over the intangible asset's remaining useful life. The typical methods used in intangible asset economic income projections include extrapolation method, life cycle analyses, sensitivity analyses, simulation analyses, judgment method, and tabula rasa method. There are several methods available for estimating capitalization rates and discount rates for intangible asset, in which we have discussed market extraction method, capital asset pricing model, built-up method, discounted cash flow model, and weighted average cost of capital method. As the capitalization methods for intangible asset, relief-from-royalty method, excess earnings capitalization method, profit split method, residual from business enterprise method, postulated loss of income method and so on have been reviewed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.6 no.9
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• pp.81-95
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• 1983

The author has intended to seek for the usefulness of price-level change accounting information through financial statements of general price level. The accounting information obtained from financial statements of general price level, must be useful to the reasonable judgment of financial statement users or to the economic decision making, This thesis may be summarized as follows : 1. Financial statements arranged by historical cost accompany many problems as accounting information. In other words, at the time of inflation, they have little usefulness as accounting information. 2. In order to correct the little usefulness of the financial statements arranged by historical cost, the author examined this matter centering around FASB statement No. 33. 3. The price level change accounting eliminates the contradiction of the accounting information obtained from the financial statements arranged by historical cost. 4. In the general price level change accounting, money value is presumed to change according to the level of general price and, then, the money value for goods must be revised. 5. In the general price level change accounting, the division between monetary items of asset and debt, and non-monetary items, is important. 6. The general price level change accounting based upon historical cost accounting, has objectivity as accounting information like the cost basis accounting and larger usefulness than the cost basis accounting. In conclusion, the price level change accounting increases its usefulness as accounting information and, therefore. (1) the information on the general price level change accounting is desirable to be disclosed as supplementary information for the traditional financial statements, and (2) the general price level change accounting should be induced to the listed Companies in Korea under continuing inflation for improving the usefulness of financial statements as accounting information.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.36-45
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• 2015

by providing objective information regarding medical radiation for elementary, middle, and high school students in Korea, who are expected to have a high ripple effect in education, and by analyzing behavioral changes in the selection of medical radiation, this study aimed to deduce the basis for educational intervention. The tools used in the study were a questionnaire, including questions about perception, knowledge, attitude, and behavior toward medical radiation; video and Power-point materials for the lesson; simulated radiation diagnosis selection form; and radiation treatment selection form to find out about behavior. A post-test demonstrated that the objective knowledge about medical radiation of all the students turned out to be significantly higher (p<0.000) after the lesson compared to before the lesson. However, there were no statistically significant behavioral changes. Rather, for high school students, the behavior of selecting medical radiography and treatment was significantly lower (p<0.000) after the lesson. For the more impressionable children in the lower grades, the lesson must not only provide an opportunity to understand and pay attention to diverse viewpoints, but also encourage them to make ethical decisions based on value. Since it can be predicted that attitude or behavioral changes through education or publicity can be expected from adults older than high school students, issues regarding dangers like radiation exposure must be treated as an issue of value judgment predicated on multifaceted considerations.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.1689-1696
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• 2017

In the process of obtaining and transmitting image, there is degradation of image due to various noise, and there have been many active studies ongoing to remove the noise added on the images. This thesis has proposed a switching filter processing by the types of noise in order to remove the complex noise added on images. When the center value of local mask is damaged by AWGN based on the noise judgment, the threshold value is applied on standard deviation of local mask to process by applying different weight of weighted mask, and if the image is damaged by the salt and pepper noise, the local mask is subdivided into 4 directions, and processed by applying cubic spine interpolation in the direction with the least slat and pepper noise. Also, in order to evaluate the performance of proposed filter algorithm, the study conducted comparison among the existing methods and proposed filter using PSNR.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.127-135
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• 2003

The primary contributors to the total occupational radiation exposure in operating nuclear power plants are operation and maintenance activities doting refueling outages. The Advanced Power Reactor 1400 (APR1400) includes a number of design improvements and plans to utilize advanced maintenance methods and robotics to minimize the annual collective dose. The major radiation exposure reduction features implemented in APR1400 are a permanent refueling pool seal, quick opening transfer tube blind flange, improved hydrogen peroxide injection at shutdown, improved permanent steam generator work platforms, and more effective temporary shielding. The estimated average annual occupational radiation exposure for APR1400 based on the reference plant experience and an engineering judgment is determined to be in the order of 0.4 man-Sv, which is well within the design goal of 1 man-Sv. The basis of this average annual occupational radiation exposure estimation is an eighteen (18) month fuel cycle with maintenance performed to steam generators and reactor coolant pumps during refueling outage. The outage duration is assumed to be 28 days. The outage work is to be performed on a 24 hour per day basis, seven (7) days a week with overlapping twelve (12) hour work shifts. The occupational radiation exposure for APR1400 is also determined by an alternate method which consists of estimating radiation exposures expected for the major activities during the refueling outage. The major outage activities that cause the majority of the total radiation exposure during refueling outage such as fuel handling, reactor coolant pump maintenance, steam generator inspection and maintenance, reactor vessel head area maintenance, decontamination, and ICI & instrumentation maintenance activities are evaluated at a task level. The calculated value using this method is in close agreement with the value of 0.4 man-Sv, that has been determined based on the experience aid engineering judgement. Therefore, with the As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) advanced design features incorporated in the design, APR1400 design is to meet its design goal with sufficient margin, that is, more than a factor of two (2), if operated on art eighteen (18) month fuel cycle.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.185-199
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• 2012

Ecotourism has been attracting much attention as an example industry that can vitalize local economy markets and preserve natural resources. Implementation of 'Ecotourism Designation System' is under consideration to provide ecotourism products that can both emphasize the original meanings of ecotourism and ensure stronger trust from customers than ever before. This research introduced the direction, principles, subjects, and assessment indicators by subjects in terms of implementing the system and proposed fundamentals for both designation assignment and score calculation. In the face of implementing such a system in Korea, the investigation sought subjects whose target areas and programs are in need of examination. For assessment criteria by subjects, six assessment indicators were selected in the end for ecotourism sites, including: (1) the value of natural/ecological preservation (2) facility's ecological design (3) understanding both the environment and local culture (4) systems connecting local communities for cooperation (5) long/short term preservation and maintenance strategies/plans (6) willingness to further develop ecotourism and cooperative platform. In addition, seven assessment indicators were selected for program assignments, including: (1) the value of natural/ecological preservation (2) minimization of environmental effects (3) expansion of environmental understanding (4) sharing the local culture (5) vitalizing local connections and economical activities among communities (6) securing and maintaining professionality among human resources (7) odds of continuation, creativity, and aptness to improve programs. After considering the pros and cons of both categorizing system and yes/no system, implementation of categorizing system for the short term and yes/no for the long term were suggested, followed by additional suggestions of a score calculation system for each system. The official implementation of the 'Ecotourism Designation System' is scheduled for launch in 2013 after the trial operation in 2012. The assessment indicators and fundamentals suggested in this research, considering judgment, must be improved via systematic and practical methods through the trial operation.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.263-305
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• 2009

Is it lawful to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining treatment applied to a patient in a terminal condition or permanent unconscious condition? In Korea, there are no such laws or regulations which control affairs related to the withholding or withdrawal life-support treatment and active euthanasia as the Natural Death Act or the Death with Dignity Act in the U. S. A. And in addition there has had no precedent of Supreme Court. Recently Supreme Court has pronounced a historical judgment on a terminal care case. The court allowed the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment from a patient in a permanent unconscious state. Fundamentally the court judged that the continuation of that medical treatment would infringe dignity and value of a patient as a human being. And the court required some legal grounds to consider such withdrawal or withholding of medical care lawful. The legal grounds are as follow. First, the patient is in a incurable and irreversible condition and already entered a stage of death. Second, the patient executed a directive, in advance, directing the withholding or withdrawal of life-support treatment in a incurable and irreversible condition or in a terminal condition. Otherwise, at least, the patient's will would be presumed through his/her character, view of value, philosophy, religious faith and career etc. I regard if a patient is in a incurable and irreversible condition or in a terminal condition, the medical contract between a patient and a doctor would be terminated because of the actual impossibility of achievement of it's purpose. So I think the discontinuation of life-sustaining care would be legally allowed without depending on the patient's own will.